английский язык.методичка
..pdfIOH[LEOH VSHFWDFOH IUDPHV DQG WHHWK EUDFHV VROLGV WKDW GDUNHQ LQ VXQOLJKW OLNH WKH OHQVHV LQ VRPH VXQJODVVHV
x OLTXLG FU\VWDOV WKDW FKDQJH VKDSH DQG FRORXU 7KHVH KDYH EHHQ XVHG LQ FOLPELQJ URSHV WKDW FKDQJH FRORXU LI WKHUH LV WRR PXFK VWUDLQ DQG ZHLJKW RQ WKHP
7KH IXWXUH RI WKHVH PDWHULDOV DQG WKHLU SRVVLEOH XVHV LV OLPLWHG RQO\ E\ KXPDQ LPDJLQDWLRQ 2QH FOHYHU LGHD LV WKDW LI FDUV ZHUH PDGH RI VPDUW PHWDO D PLQRU DFFLGHQW FRXOG EH UHSDLUHG E\ OHDYLQJ WKH FDU LQ WKH VXQ
5HDG WKH WH[W DJDLQ DQG FKRRVH WKH FRUUHFW HQGLQJ IRU WKH VHQ WHQFHV EHORZ
6PDUW PDWHULDOV FKDQJH ZKHQ D WKH ZHDWKHU FKDQJHV E VRPHWKLQJ DIIHFWV WKHP
F WKH OLJKW LV VZLWFKHG RQ G WKH\ DUH SXW LQWR D KXPDQ ERG\
3ODVWLF WKUHDGV DUH XVHG IRU D W\LQJ
E VHZLQJ
F NQLWWLQJ
G VWLWFKLQJ
0HGLFDO LPSODQWV PDGH IURP VKDSH PHPRU\ DOOR\V DUH JRRG EHFDXVH D WKH\ VDYH OLYHV
E WKH\ FKDQJH FRORXU F WKH\ DUH HDV\ WR SXW LQ G WKH\ UHDFW WR FKDQJHV LQ WHPSHUDWXUH
&OLPELQJ URSHV ZLWK OLTXLG FU\VWDOV FKDQJH FRORXU WR D ZDUQ \RX
E DPXVH \RX F PDNH \RX KHDY\
G PDNH \RX GLIIHUHQW IURP RWKHU FOLPEHUV
)LQG LQ WKH WH[W ZRUGV WKDW PHDQ WKH IROORZLQJ
PDWHULDOV PDGH IURP PL[LQJ WZR PHWDOV
WR FKDQJH EHFDXVH VRPHWKLQJ HOVH KDSSHQV
HYHU\WKLQJ DURXQG D SHUVRQ RU WKLQJ
WKH ILUVW RU HDUOLHVW
VRPHWKLQJ PHGLFDO SXW LQVLGH WKH ERG\ H J D KHDUW YDOYH
WR EHFRPH ELJJHU
|
|
WKDW FDQ EHQG RU EH EHQW HDVLO\
D VLWXDWLRQ LQ ZKLFK VRPHWKLQJ LV KROGLQJ ZHLJKW DQG VR PLJKW EUHDN
WKH DELOLW\ WR IRUP SLFWXUHV RU LGHDV LQ \RXU PLQG
VPDOO DQG QRW YHU\ LPSRUWDQW RU VHULRXV
7KLQN RI D VPDUW PDWHULDO WKDW FRXOG EH XVHG LQ WKH ILHOG RI \RXU VSHFLDOL]DWLRQ 'LVFXVV \RXU LGHDV ZLWK D SDUWQHU
)LOO LQ WKH WDEOH ZLWK WKH ZRUGV IURP WKH OLVW :KLFK RI WKHP DUH GHULYHG IURP RWKHU ZRUGV" :KLFK RI WKHP KDYH WKHLU RZQ GHULYD WLYHV" :KDW DUH WKH\"
DOOR\ EUDVV EULWWOH EURQ]H FDVW LURQ FHUDPLF FRUURGH GLDPRQG GXF WLOH GXUDEOH ILEUH IOH[LEOH KDUGHQ NQRW PHOW Q\ORQ RSDTXH SODWHQ SRZ GHU UHVLQ UHVLVW ULJLG URG UXVW VHW VRIWHQ VWHHO VWLWFK VWURQJ WKHUPRVHW WKUHDG WRXJK WUDQVSDUHQW WXEH XQGHUJR ZHDN ZLUH ZLWKVWDQG
PDWHULDO |
SURSHUW\ |
VKDSH |
YHUE |
|
|
|
|
)LOO LQ WKH JDSV FKRRVLQJ RQH RI WKH ZRUGV LQ EUDFNHWV 3ODVWLFV
3ODVWLFV DUH XVXDOO\ SURGXFHG E\ V\QWKHVLV IURP VXFK QDWXUDO PDWHULDOV DV ZDWHU DLU VDOW FRDO DQG QDWXUDO JDV 7KH WHFKQRORJ\ LV VLPSOH DQG FKHDS :KLOH BBBBB VROLG FKHDS XQLIRUP LQ ILQLVKHG VWDWH SODVWLFV DUH OLTXLG DW VRPH VWDJH RI PDQXIDFWXUH DQG LW LV HDV\ WR IRUP SODVWLFV LQWR YDULRXV VKDSHV 3ODVWLFV DUH GLIIHUHQW LQ BBBBB KDUGQHVV SURSHUWLHV QHHGV
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG BBBBB SUHVVXUH DSSOLFDWLRQ WKHUPRVHWV 3ODVWLFV DUH BBBBB UHOLDEOH DYDLODEOH WKHUPRSODVWLFV BBBBB H[SHQVLYH FKHDS VWUXFWXUDO GXUDEOH 3ODVWLFV UHVLVW BBBBB ZHLJKW VWUHQJWK FRU URVLRQ 3ODVWLFV DUH PDFKLQHG OLNH BBBBB PHWDOV FHUDPLFV FDUERQ
7KHLU BBBBB OLJKWQHVV KLJK ZHLJKW FRORXU VWUHQJWK KDUGQHVV FKHPLFDO UHVLVWDQFH BBBBB FRORXU GXUDELOLW\ DSSOLFDWLRQ PDNH LW SRV VLEOH WR XVH SODVWLFV LQ HOHFWULF DQG HOHFWURQLF HTXLSPHQW WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ DJ ULFXOWXUH HWF
7KH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI SODVWLFV LV BBBBB DFKLHYLQJ VDWLVI\LQJ FDOOLQJ IRU WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV RI DOO LQGXVWULHV 7KHUH LV QR LQGXVWU\ QRZ ZKHUH SODV WLFV DUH QRW XVHG
|
|
$QVZHU WKH IROORZLQJ TXHVWLRQV
:KDW PDWHULDOV DUH XVXDOO\ XVHG WR EXLOG EULGJHV"
:KDW SURSHUWLHV DUH LPSRUWDQW IRU VXFK PDWHULDOV"
/LVWHQ WR WKH WH[W µ([SHULPHQWDO %ULGJH¶ DQG FRPSOHWH \RXU DQVZHUV LI WKHUH LV DQ\ QHZ LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ WKH WH[W :K\ LV WKH EULGJH H[SHULPHQWDO"
/LVWHQ DJDLQ :KDW GR WKH IROORZLQJ QXPEHUV UHIHU WR"
IW IW IW IW PRQWKV OE OE
$QVZHU WKH IROORZLQJ TXHVWLRQV
:KDW DUH WKH DGYDQWDJHV DQG GLVDGYDQWDJHV RI WKLV H[SHULPHQWDO EULGJH"
'R \RX WKLQN WKH PDWHULDO XVHG IRU FRQVWUXFWLQJ LW FRXOG EH XVHG IRU WKLV SXUSRVH"
7KLQN RI D PDWHULDO XVHG LQ HYHU\GD\ OLIH DQG DQVZHU WKH IRO ORZLQJ TXHVWLRQV
:KDW DUH WKH SURSHUWLHV RI WKLV PDWHULDO"
:K\ LV LW XVHG WKLV ZD\"
&RXOG LW EH XVHG VRPHZKHUH HOVH"
'HVLJQ D SURMHFW ZKHUH D ZLGHVSUHDG PDWHULDO LV XVHG XQXVX DOO\ OLNH SDSHU IRU FRQVWUXFWLQJ EULGJHV 'HVFULEH WKH DGYDQWDJHV DQG GLVDGYDQWDJHV RI XVLQJ WKLV PDWHULDO IRU WKH SXUSRVH
8QLW
1DQRWHFKQRORJ\
9RFDEXODU\ |
|
|
|
|
DUELWUDU\ DGM |
>•d EÕWU UL@ |
|
|
|
DUWLILFLDO DGM |
>Äd•WÕ•IÕœO@ |
|
|
|
DVVHPEOH Y |
> •VHPEO@ |
|
|
|
DVVHPEO\ Q |
> •VHPEOL@ |
|
|
|
ERQG Y |
>EeQG@ |
|
|
|
EUHDNWKURXJK Q |
>•EUHÕN UX @ |
|
|
|
FDUU\ RXW Y |
>•N UÕ@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FKDUJH Q Y |
|
|
|
|
|
|
UHFKDUJH Y |
>UL •Wœd G~@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FRPSRVH Y |
>N P•S Ð]@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
FRPSRXQG Q |
>•NePSDÐQG@ |
|
|
|
|
|
FRQVLGHU Y |
>N Q•VÕG @ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FRQVLVW RI Y |
>N Q•VÕVW@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GHQW Q |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GHYRWH DWWHQWLRQ Y >GÕ•Y ÐW •WHQœQ@ |
|
|
|
|
|
||
GLPHQVLRQ Q |
>GDÕ•PHQœQ@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GUXJ Q |
>GUzJ@ |
|
|
|
|
||
HQKDQFH Y |
>ÕQ•Kd QV@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HTXDO DGM |
>•L NZ O@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
H[WUHPHO\ DGY |
>ÕNV•WUL POL@ |
|
|
||||
IDEULF Q |
>•I EUÕN@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
JUDVS Y |
>JUd VS@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPSDFW Q |
>•ÕPS NW@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPSURYH Y |
>ÕP•SUX Y@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LQWHUQDO DGM |
>ÕQ•Wm QO@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
REVHUYH Y |
> E•]m Y@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RFFXU Y |
> •Nm @ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RSHUDWH Y |
>•eS ÄUHÕW@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHUIRUPDQFH Q |
>S •Ig P QV@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SLOO Q |
|
|
|
|
|||
VWDLQ Q |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SURIRXQG DGM |
>SU •IDÐQG@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
UDQJH Q Y |
>UHÕQG~@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UHIHU Y |
>UÕ•Im @ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UHPRYH Y |
>UÕ•PX Y@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
UHSHOOHQW DGM |
>UÕ•SHO QW@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UHSODFH Y |
>UÕ•SOHÕV@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ULEERQ Q |
>•UÕE Q@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
URXJKO\ DGY |
>•UzIOL@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VFDOH Q |
>VNHÕO@ |
|
|
|
VFUDWFK Q Y |
>VNU Wœ@ |
|
|
|
VXUIDFH Q |
>•Vm IÕV@ |
|
|
|
WKURXJKRXW SUHS |
> UX •DXW@ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:KDW LV QDQRWHFKQRORJ\" 7U\ WR JXHVV IURP WKH PHDQLQJ RI WKH SDUWV RI WKH ZRUG
FHQWL PHDQV µRQH KXQGUHGWK¶ VR FHQWLPHWHU HTXDOV RQH KXQGUHGWK RI D PHWHU 0DWFK WKHVH SUHIL[HV DQG WKHLU PHDQLQJV WR OHDUQ ZKDW WKH
SUHIL[ QDQR PHDQV |
|
JLJD |
E RQH WKRXVDQG |
NLOR |
F RQH PLOOLRQ |
PHJD |
G RQH ELOOLRQ |
PLFUR |
H RQH ELOOLRQWK |
PLOOL |
I RQH PLOOLRQWK |
QDQR |
J RQH WKRXVDQGWK |
|
|
5HDG WKH ZRUGV DQG WU\ WR JXHVV ZKDW WKH\ PHDQ |
|
GLDPHWHU >GDÕ• PÕW @ |
SURGXFW >•SUeGzNW@ |
DWRP >• W P@ |
FDWDO\WLF >ÄN W •OÕWÕN@ |
PROHFXOH >•PeOÕÄNMX O@ FRVPHWLFV >Ne]•PHWÕNV@ |
|
SURWHLQ >•SU ÐWL Q@ |
UDGLDWLRQ >ÄUHÕGL•HÕœQ@ |
YLUXV >•YDÕU V@ |
DWKOHWH >• OL W@ |
QDWXUH >•QHÕWœ @ |
WHFKQRORJLVW >WHN•QeO G~ÕVW@ |
5HDG WKH WH[W DQG FRPSOHWH WKH VHQWHQFHV ZLWK WKH IUDJPHQWVD±I IURP WKH OLVW
D DW ZKLFK VSHFLDO SURSHUWLHV KDYH EHHQ REVHUYHG LQ PDWHULDOV ± SURSHU WLHV WKDW DUH SURIRXQGO\ GLIIHUHQW DW WKH QDQRVFDOH
E WKH EDVLF EXLOGLQJ EORFN RI PDWWHU F WKH EDVLF XQLWV RI OLIH
G WKH VPDOOHVW SDUW RI D FKHPLFDO FRPSRXQG
H WKH\ KDYH RQO\ VFUDWFKHG WKH VXUIDFH RI QDQRWHFKQRORJ\¶V SRWHQWLDO I ZKLFK LV DERXW WLPHV VPDOOHU WKDQ WKH GLDPHWHU RI D KXPDQ
KDLU
1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ LV WKH FUHDWLRQ DQG XVH RI PDWHULDOV RU GHYLFHV DW H[WUHPHO\ VPDOO VFDOHV 7KHVH PDWHULDOV RU GHYLFHV IDOO LQ WKH UDQJH RI WR QDQRPHWHUVQP 2QH QP LV HTXDO WR RQH ELOOLRQWK RI D PHWHU P BBBBB 6FLHQWLVWV UHIHU WR WKH GLPHQVLRQDO UDQJH RI WR QP DV WKH QDQRVFDOH DQG PDWHULDOV DW WKLV VFDOH DUH FDOOHG QDQRFU\VWDOV RU QDQRPDWHULDOV
|
|
7R JUDVS WKH VL]H RI WKH QDQRVFDOH FRQVLGHU WKH GLDPHWHU RI DQ DWRP
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
7KH SRVVLELOLW\ RI EXLOGLQJ QHZ PDWHULDOV DQG GHYLFHV WKDW RSHUDWH DW WKH VDPH VFDOH DV WKH EDVLF IXQFWLRQV RI QDWXUH H[SODLQV ZK\ VR PXFK DWWHQWLRQ LV EHLQJ GHYRWHG WR WKH ZRUOG EHORZ QP %XW QP LV QRW VRPH DUEL WUDU\ GLYLGLQJ OLQH 7KLV LV WKH OHQJWK BBBBB
$ QXPEHU RI LPSRUWDQW EUHDNWKURXJKV KDYH DOUHDG\ RFFXUUHG LQ QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ 7KHVH GHYHORSPHQWV DUH IRXQG LQ SURGXFWV XVHG WKURXJKRXW WKH ZRUOG 6RPH H[DPSOHV DUH FDWDO\WLF FRQYHUWHUV LQ DXWRPRELOHV WKDW KHOS UHPRYH DLU SROOXWDQWV GHYLFHV LQ FRPSXWHUV WKDW UHDG IURP DQG ZULWH WR WKH KDUG GLVN FHUWDLQ VXQVFUHHQV DQG FRVPHWLFV WKDW WUDQVSDUHQWO\ EORFN KDUPIXO UDGLDWLRQ IURP WKH 6XQ DQG VSHFLDO FRDWLQJV IRU VSRUWV FORWKHV DQG JHDU WKDW KHOS LPSURYH WKH JHDU DQG SRVVLEO\ HQKDQFH WKH DWKOHWH¶V SHUIRUPDQFH 6WLOO PDQ\ VFLHQWLVWV HQJLQHHUV DQG WHFKQRORJLVWV EHOLHYH BBBBB
0DUN WKH IROORZLQJ VWDWHPHQWV 7 7UXH ) )DOVH RU 1 1RW PHQWLRQHG
$ QDQRPHWHU LV WKH VPDOOHVW WKLQJ RFFXUULQJ LQ QDWXUH
0ROHFXOHV DUH WKH EDVLF XQLWV RI OLIH
9LUXVHV KDYH QDQRVFDOH GLPHQVLRQV
1DQRVFDOH JHWV VR PXFK DWWHQWLRQ EHFDXVH WKLV LV ZKHUH PDQ\ RI WKH PHFKDQLVPV RI WKH ELRORJLFDO DQG SK\VLFDO ZRUOG RSHUDWH
$W VFDOHV DERYH QP JROG ORRNV \HOORZ EXW DW VFDOHV EHORZ
QP LW KDV RWKHU FRORUV
7KH GHYHORSPHQWV RI QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ DUH DOUHDG\ XVHG LQ GLIIHUHQW SURGXFWV
6PDOOHU DQG IDVWHU FKLSV ZLOO PDNH FRPSXWHUV VPDOOHU DQG HQDEOH WKHP WR SHUIRUP PDQ\ PRUH IXQFWLRQV PRUH TXLFNO\
6FLHQWLVWV HQJLQHHUV DQG WHFKQRORJLVWV DUH VXUH WKH\ NQRZ HYHU\WKLQJ DERXW QDQRWHFKQRORJ\
|
|
3XW WKH IROORZLQJ WKLQJV LQ WKH RUGHU RI WKHLU VL]H IURP WKH VPDOOHVW WR WKH ELJJHVW RQH
YLUXV QDQRPHWHU PROHFXOH KXPDQ KDLU KXPDQ FHOO DWRP
0DWFK WKH ZRUGV DQG WKHLU PHDQLQJ
DUELWUDU\ |
D KDSSHQ RU H[LVW |
HQKDQFH |
E LPSURYH |
H[WUHPHO\ |
F LQ HYHU\ SDUW RI |
RFFXU |
G QRW H[DFWO\ |
UHIHU WR |
H VL]H RU OHYHO |
URXJKO\ |
I VSHDN DERXW |
VFDOH |
J YHU\ |
WKURXJKRXW |
K ZLWKRXW DQ\ UHDVRQ RU SODQ |
|
|
)LOO LQ WKH JDSV ZLWK WKH ZRUGV IURP LQ WKH DSSURSULDWH IRUP
1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ LV WKH VFLHQFH RI EXLOGLQJ BBBBB VPDOO WKLQJV
,Q WKH IXWXUH ZH OO EH DEOH WR ZRUN RQ QDQRBBBBB DQG EXLOG WKLQJV DWRP E\ DWRP
$ QDQRPHWHU LV BBBBB WHQ WLPHV WKH VL]H RI DQ LQGLYLGXDO DWRP
1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ ZLOO KHOS BBBBB FRPSXWHU SHUIRUPDQFH JUHDWO\
7KH PDQLSXODWLRQ RI DWRPV RU VPDOO JURXSV RI DWRPV WR PDQXIDFWXUH PDWHULDOV DQG GHYLFHV BBBBB DV ERWWRP XS DSSURDFK LQ QDQRWHFK QRORJ\
1DQRVFDOH ZDV QRW FKRVHQ BBBBBO\ ,W LV ZKHUH WKH SURSHUWLHV RI PD WHULDOV DUH SURIRXQGO\ GLIIHUHQW IURP WKH SURSHUWLHV RI PDWHULDOV BBBBB LQ QDWXUH
7UDQVODWH LQWR (QJOLVK
|
|
|
± |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
± |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0DWFK WKH ZRUGV DQG WKHLU PHDQLQJ |
|
|
||
LQ D QXWVKHOO |
D ZLWKRXW DQ\ GHILQLWH SODQ DLP RU SDWWHUQ |
|||
WR WDNH VWK IRU JUDQWHG E LQ D VKRUW FOHDU ZD\ |
|
|
||
WR DUUDQJH |
F VXUSULVLQJ RU GLIILFXOW WR EHOLHYH |
|
||
UDQGRPO\ |
G WR H[SHFW VWK WR EH DOZD\V WKHUH QHYHU |
|||
|
WKLQNLQJ KRZ LPSRUWDQW RU XVHIXO LW LV |
|
||
DPD]LQJ |
H WR SXW D JURXS RI WKLQJV LQ D SDUWLFXODU RU |
|||
|
GHU RU SRVLWLRQ |
|
|
|
LQFUHGLEOH |
I YHU\ SOHDVDQW LQ DQ XQH[SHFWHG ZD\ |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
/LVWHQ WR 0DUVKDOO %UDLQ IRXQGHU RI +RZ6WXII:RUNV D UH VRXUFH :HE VLWH H[SODLQLQJ KRZ WKH ZRUOG DURXQG XV ZRUNV WDONLQJ DERXW QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ DQG FKRRVH WKH FRUUHFW HQGLQJ IRU WKH VHQWHQFHV EHORZ
'LDPRQG JUDSKLWH DQG VRRW KDYH GLIIHUHQW SURSHUWLHV EHFDXVH D WKH\ FRQVLVW RI GLIIHUHQW DWRPV
E WKH VDPH DWRPV LQ WKHP DUH DUUDQJHG LQ GLIIHUHQW ZD\V F GLIIHUHQW PHWKRGV DUH XVHG WR REWDLQ WKHP
G QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ LV XVHG WR PDNH WKHP GLIIHUHQW
1DQRWXEHV ZLOO PDNH LW SRVVLEOH WR FUHDWH D VSDFH HOHYDWRU EHFDXVH D WKH\ DUH YHU\ VWURQJ DQG OLJKW
E WKH\ FDQ EH VKDSHG LQWR D ULEERQ XS DQG GRZQ ZKLFK WKH VSDFH HOHYDWRU ZLOO UXQ
F WKH\ FDQ ZLWKVWDQG WKH FRQGLWLRQV RI WKH RSHQ VSDFH G WKH\ DUH REWDLQHG XVLQJ QDQRWHFKQRORJ\
%DWWHULHV ZLWK QDQRJUDQXOHV ZRUN EHWWHU EHFDXVH
D HYHU\WKLQJ PDGH XVLQJ QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ ZRUNV EHWWHU
E QDQRJUDQXOHV FDQ FKDQJH WKHLU SURSHUWLHV ZKHQ WKH EDWWHU\ LV UH FKDUJHG
F QDQRJUDQXOHV ODVW ORQJHU
G QDQRSDUWLFOHV KDYH ODUJH VXUIDFH DUHD
7KH QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ PHWKRGV XVHG WR REWDLQ QHZ PDWHULDOV LQYROYH D PRXOGLQJ SODVWLF PDWHULDOV LQWR QDQRSDUWLFOHV
|
|
E FXWWLQJ ELJ SLHFHV RI PDWHULDOV LQWR VPDOOHU SDUWLFOHV F DVVHPEOLQJ WKH QHZ PDWHULDO DWRP E\ DWRP
G XVLQJ FXOWXUHG FHOOV WR SURGXFH WKH QHFHVVDU\ FRPSRXQGV
/LVWHQ DJDLQ DQG ILOO LQ WKH JDSV LQ WKLV VXPPDU\ RI WKH WH[W DERXW QDQRWHFKQRORJ\
1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ KDV WKH SRWHQWLDO WR FKDQJH WKH ZRUOG LQ PDQ\
BBBBB ZD\V ,W ZLOO LPSURYH PDQ\ RI WKH SURGXFWV WKDW ZH XVH HYHU\ GD\ DQG PDNH PDQ\ QHZ SURGXFWV SRVVLEOH
1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ LV WKH VFLHQFH RI YHU\ VPDOO WKLQJV XVXDOO\ VPDOOHU WKDQ D KXQGUHG QDQRPHWHUV $ KXQGUHG QDQRPHWHUV LV HTXLYDOHQW WR DERXW
BBBBB DFURVV RU OHVV $W WKLV VFDOH WKLQJV WKDW ZH BBBBB FDQ EHKDYH LQ YHU\ GLIIHUHQW ZD\V
2QH RI WKH BBBBB RI QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ FDQ EH VHHQ LQ EDWWHULHV %\ PDNLQJ WKH JUDQXOHV LQVLGH WKH EDWWHU\ RQ D QDQRPHWHU VFDOH LW¶V SRVVLEOH WR UHFKDUJH WKH EDWWHU\ BBBBB DQG WKH EDWWHU\¶OO BBBBB ORQJHU
6RPH RI WKH PRUH H[RWLF LGHDV LQ QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ LQYROYH QHZ DVVHPEO\ PHWKRGV 6FLHQWLVWV DUH H[SHULPHQWLQJ ZLWK QHZ QDQRPDWHULDOV WKDW FDQ JURZ RU BBBBB WKHPVHOYHV BBBBB DUH DOUHDG\ DEOH WR GR WKLV 7KH JRDO LV WR ILQG ZD\V IRU KXPDQ EHLQJV WR GR WKLV DV ZHOO
7KLQN RI HYHU\GD\ SURGXFWV VXFK DV FDUV FRPSXWHUV FORWKHV +RZ FDQ QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ FKDQJH WKHP" 'LVFXVV \RXU LGHDV ZLWK D SDUW QHU
&RPSOHWH WKHVH SUHGLFWLRQV DERXW QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ 8VH HDFK YHUE LQ WKH OLVW RQFH
FRQVWUXFW UHPRYH VWRUH ZHDU UHSODFH UHVLVW
WDNH VHQG FOHDQ XS SHUIRUP VWRS
&$56 0DQXIDFWXUHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR FRQVWUXFW FDUV IURP OLJKWZHLJKW PDWHULDOV WKDW DUH WLPHV VWURQJHU WKDQ VWHHO 7RGD\ V WZR WRQQH &DGLOODF FRXOG ZHLJK RQO\ NJ LQ WKH IXWXUH 7KH PDWHULDOV XVHG WR EXLOG FDUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR BBBBB VFUDWFKHV GHQWV DQG UXVW
&20387(56 :H¶OO EH DEOH WR BBBBB WULOOLRQV RI E\WHV RI LQIRU PDWLRQ LQ D VWUXFWXUH WKH VL]H RI D VXJDU FXEH
0(',&,1( 'RFWRUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR BBBBB EURNHQ KXPDQ ERQHV ZLWK DUWLILFLDO ERQHV PDGH ZLWK QDQRWHFKQRORJ\ 1DQRURERWV ZLOO EH DEOH WR
BBBBBB VXUJHU\ :H OO EH DEOH WR BBBBBB SLOOV FRQWDLQLQJ QDQRURERWV
|
|
7+( (19,5210(17 :H OO EH DEOH WR BBBBB QDQRURERWV XS LQWR VSDFH WR UHEXLOG WKH R]RQH OD\HU 2WKHU QDQRURERWV ZLOO EH DEOH WR BBBBB SROOXWDQWV IURP ZDWHU DQG BBBBB RLO VSLOOV
&/27+(6 (YHU\RQH ZLOO EH DEOH WR BBBBB FRPSXWHUV DQG FRORXU VFUHHQV EHFDXVH WKH\ ZLOO EH EXLOW LQWR WKHLU FORWKHV :H OO EH DEOH WR
BBBBB RXU FORWKHV IURP JHWWLQJ GLUW\ E\ PDNLQJ WKHP ZLWK VWDLQ UHSHO OHQW IDEULFV
:KDW PLJKW EH WKH LPSDFW RI QDQRWHFKQRORJ\" 7KLQN RI WKH EHQHILWV DQG WKUHDWV LW FDQ EULQJ WR SHRSOH 'LVFXVV \RXU LGHDV ZLWK D SDUWQHU
|
|
|
7KH &RPSOH[ 2EMHFW |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
7UDQVODWLRQ |
|
|
9HUE |
&RPSOH[ 2EMHFW |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||||
|
PHQWDO DFWLYLW\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WR NQRZ WR WKLQN |
|
:H NQRZ HQJLQHHUV |
|
« |
|
|
|
WR FRQVLGHU |
|
WR XVH |
|
|
« |
|
|
WR ILQG WR H[ |
|
WR EH XVLQJ |
|
|
|
|
|
SHFW WR VXSSRVH |
|
WR KDYH XVHG |
|
« |
|
« |
|
|
|
QDQRFU\VWDOV LQ RUGHU WR PDNH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WKH HQJLQH SDUWV PRUH GXUDEOH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:H NQRZ QDQRFU\VWDOV |
|
« |
|
|
|
|
|
WR EH XVHG |
|
|
|
« |
|
|
|
WR KDYH EHHQ XVHG |
|
|
|
« |
|
|
|
LQ RUGHU WR PDNH WKH HQJLQH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SDUWV PRUH GXUDEOH |
|
|
|
|
|
ZLVK OLNHV DQG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GLVOLNHV |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WR ZDQW WR OLNH |
|
7KH GHYHORSHUV RI WKH HQJLQH |
|
|
|
|
|
WR KDWH |
|
ZRXOG OLNH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WKH HQJLQHHUV WR XVH |
|
« |
|
|
|
|
|
QDQRFU\VWDOV LQ RUGHU WR PDNH |
|
|
|
« |
|
|
|
WKH HQJLQH SDUWV PRUH GXUDEOH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7KH GHYHORSHUV RI WKH HQJLQH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ZRXOG OLNH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
QDQRFU\VWDOV WR EH XVHG |
|
« |
|
|
|
|
|
LQ RUGHU WR PDNH WKH HQJLQH |
|
|
|
« |
|
|
|
SDUWV PRUH GXUDEOH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|