Hart C. Anthony, Shears Paul. Color Atlas of Medical Microbiology.pdf
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Basic Principles |
General Aspects of Medical |
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Microbiology |
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Basic Principles of Immunology |
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Bacteriology |
General Bacteriology |
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Bacteria as Human Pathogens |
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Mycology |
General Mycology |
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Fungi as Human Pathogens |
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IV Virology |
General Virology |
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Viruses as Human Pathogens |
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Parasitology |
Protozoa |
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Helminths |
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Arthropods |
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VI Organ System |
Etiological and Laboratory |
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Infections |
Diagnostic Summaries in |
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Tabular Form |
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http://www.bestmedbook.com/
II
At a Glance…
The book is divided into six main sections. The color-coded reference guide on the first page will help you find what you need.
The aspects of each pathogen are covered systematically, using the following order wherever practicable:
& Classification |
& Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture |
& Localization |
& Diagnosis |
& Morphology and Culturing |
& Therapy |
& Developmental Cycle |
& Epidemiology and Prophylaxis |
& A summary at the beginning of a chapter or section provides a quick overview of what the main text covers. Students can use the summaries to obtain a quick recapitulation of the main points. &
The Main Sections at a Glance
a The many colored illustrations serve to clarify complex topics or provide definitive impressions of pathogen morphology.
b The header caption above each illustration gives the reader the essence of what is shown.
c The detailed legends explain the illustrations independently of the main text.
Additional information
In-depth expositions and supplementary knowledge are framed in boxes interspersed throughout the main body of text. The headings outline the topic covered, enabling the reader to decide whether the specific material is needed at the present time.
Medical Microbiology
Fritz H. Kayser, M.D.
Emeritus Professor of Medical Microbiology
Institute of Medical Microbiology
University of Zurich
Zurich, Switzerland
Kurt A. Bienz, Ph.D.
Emeritus Professor of Virology
Institute of Medical Microbiology
University of Basle
Basle, Switzerland
Johannes Eckert, D.V.M.
Emeritus Professor of Parasitology
Institute of Parasitology
University of Zurich
Zurich, Switzerland
Rolf M. Zinkernagel, M.D.
Professor
Institute of Experimental Immunology
Department of Pathology
Zurich, Switzerland
177 illustrations
97 tables
Thieme
Stuttgart ! New York
Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data
Medizinische Mikrobiologie. English. Medical microbiology / Fritz H. Kayser ...
[et al.]. p. ; cm.
ISBN 3-13-131991-7 (GTV : alk. paper) – ISBN 1-58890-245-5 (TNY; alk. paper) 1. Medical microbiology.
[DNLM: 1. Microbiology. QW 4 M491 2005a] I. Kayser, F. H. (Fritz H.) II. Title. QR46.M48813 2005
616.9’041–dc22 2004021965
1st German edition 1969 2nd German edition 1971 3rd German edition 1974 4th German edition 1978 5th German edition 1982 6th German edition 1986 7th German edition 1989 8th German edition 1993 9th German edition 1998
1st Greek edition 1995 1st Italian edition 1996 1st Japanese edition 1980
1st Spanish edition 1974 2nd Spanish edition 1982
1st Turkish edition 2001
This book is an authorized and updated translation of the 10th German edition published and copyrighted 2001
by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. Title of the German edition: Medizinische Mikrobiologie
ª 2005 Georg Thieme Verlag,
Ru¨ digerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
http://www. thieme.de
Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA http://www.thieme.com
Cover design: Cyclus, Stuttgart Typesetting by Mitterweger & Partner GmbH, 68723 Plankstadt
Printed in Germany by Appl, Wemding
ISBN 3-13-131991-7 (GTV) |
|
ISBN 1-58890-245-5 (TNY) |
1 2 3 4 5 |
Important note: Medicine is an ever-chan- ging science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book.
Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed.
Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain.
This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage.
V
Preface
Medical Microbiology comprises and integrates the fields of immunology, bacteriology, virology, mycology, and parasitology, each of which has seen considerable independent development in the past few decades. The common bond between them is the focus on the causes of infectious diseases and on the reactions of the host to the pathogens. Although the advent of antibiotics and vaccines has certainly taken the dread out of many infectious diseases, the threat of infection is still a fact of life: New pathogens are constantly being discovered; strains of „old“ ones have developed resistance to antibiotics, making therapy more and more difficult; incurable infectious diseases (AIDS, rabies) are still with us.
The objective of this textbook of medical microbiology is to instill a broadbased knowledge of the etiologic organisms causing disease and the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to clinically manifest infections into its users. This knowledge is a necessary prerequisite for the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of infectious diseases. This book addresses primarily students of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy. Beyond this academic purpose, its usefulness extends to all medical professions and most particularly to physicians working in both clinical and private practice settings.
This book makes the vast and complex field of medical microbiology more accessible by the use of four-color graphics and numerous illustrations with detailed explanatory legends. The many tables present knowledge in a cogent and useful form. Most chapters begin with a concise summary, and in-depth and supplementary knowledge are provided in boxes separating them from the main body of text.
This textbook has doubtless benefited from the extensive academic teaching and the profound research experience of its authors, all of whom are recognized authorities in their fields.
The authors would like to thank all colleagues whose contributions and advice have been a great help and who were so generous with illustration material. The authors are also grateful to the specialists at Thieme Verlag and to the graphic design staff for their cooperation.
Zurich, fall of 2004 |
On behalf of the authors |
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Fritz H. Kayser |
VII
Abbreviations
&ABC: |
antigen-binding cell |
CCC: |
covalently closed circular |
ABS: |
antigen-binding site |
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(DNA) |
ADA: |
adenosine deaminase |
CD: |
cluster of differentiation/ |
ADCC: |
antibody-dependent |
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cluster determinant |
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cellular cytotoxicity |
CDR: |
complementarity-deter- |
ADE: |
antibody-dependent |
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mining regions |
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enhancement (of viral |
CE: |
cystic echinococcosis |
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infection) |
CEA: |
carcinoembryonic antigen |
AE: |
alveolar echinococcosis |
CFA: |
colonizing factor antigen |
AFC: |
antibody-forming cell |
CFT: |
complement fixation test |
AFP: |
alpha-fetoprotein |
CFU: |
colony forming units |
AIDS: |
acquired immune |
CJD: |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
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deficiency syndrome |
CLIP: |
class II-inhibiting protein |
ANA: |
antinuclear antibodies |
CMI: |
cell-mediated immunity |
APC: |
antigen-presenting cell |
CMV: |
cytomegaly virus |
APO: |
apoptosis antigen |
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(cytomegalovirus) |
aPV: |
acellular pertussis vaccine |
CNS: |
central nervous system/ |
ASL titer: antistreptolysin titer |
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coagulase-negative |
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AZT: |
azidothymidine |
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staphylococci |
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Con A: |
concanavalin A |
&BAL: |
bronchoalveolar lavage |
CPE: |
cytopathic effect |
BALT: |
bronchus-associated |
CPH: |
chronic persistent |
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lymphoid tissue |
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hepatitis |
BCG: |
bacillus Calmette-Guerin |
CR: |
cistron region |
BCGF: |
B-cell growth factor |
CSF: |
colony-stimulating factor |
Bcl2: |
B-cell leukemia 2 antigen |
CTA: |
cholera toxin A |
BSE: |
bovine spongiform ence- |
CTB: |
cholera toxin B |
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phalopathy |
CTL: |
cytotoxic CD8+ T cell |
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CTX: |
cholera toxin (element) |
&C: |
complement |
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CAH: |
chronic aggressive |
&DAF: |
decay accelerating factor |
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hepatitis |
DAG: |
diacyl glycerol |
CAM: |
cell adhesion molecules |
DARC: |
Duffy antigen receptor |
CAPD: |
continuous ambulant |
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for chemokines |
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peritoneal dialysis |
DC: |
dendritic cells |
VIII Abbreviations |
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virus |
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DHF: |
dengue hemorrhagic |
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fever |
EPEC: |
enteropathogenic |
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DHPG: |
dihydroxy propoxy- |
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E. coli |
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methyl guanine |
EPS: |
extracellular polymer |
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D vaccine: |
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substance |
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diphtheria toxoid vaccine |
ETEC: |
enterotoxic E. coli |
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DNA: |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
EU: |
European Union |
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DNP: |
dinitrophenol |
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DR: |
direct repeats |
&F factor: |
fertility factor |
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ds: |
double-stranded nucleic |
FA: |
Freund’s adjuvant |
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acid |
FACS: |
fluorescence-activated |
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DSS: |
dengue shock syndrome |
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cell sorter |
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DTH: |
delayed type hypersensi- |
Fas: |
F antigen |
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tivity |
FcR: |
Fc receptor |
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DtxR: |
diphtheria toxin repressor |
FDC: |
follicular dendritic cell |
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&EA: |
early antigen |
FHA: |
filamentous hemagglutin |
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FITC: |
fluorescein isothiocyanate |
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EAE: |
experimental allergic |
FTA-ABS: |
fluorescent treponemal |
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encephalitis |
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antibody absorption test |
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EAF: |
EPEC adhesion factor |
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EaggEC: |
enteroaggregative |
&G6PDD: |
glucose-6-phosphate |
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Escherichia coli |
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dehydrogenase deficiency |
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EB: |
elementary body |
GAE: |
granulomatous amebic |
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EBNA: |
Epstein-Barr nuclear |
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encephalitis |
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antigen |
gag: |
group-specific antigen |
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EBV: |
Epstein-Barr virus |
GALT: |
gut-associated lymphoid |
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EDTA: |
ethylene diamine tetra- |
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tissue |
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acetic acid |
GC: |
guanine-cytosine/gas |
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eEF2: |
eucaryotic elongation |
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chromatography |
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factor 2 |
GM-CSF: |
granulocyte-macrophage |
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EF: |
edema factor in spotted |
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colony-stimulating factor |
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fevers |
GP: |
glycoprotein |
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EHEC: |
enterohemorrhagic |
GSS: |
Gerstmann-Stra¨ussler- |
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E. coli |
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Scheinker (syndrome) |
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EIA: |
enzyme immunoassay |
GVH: |
graft-versus-host (reaction) |
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EIEC: |
enteroinvasive E. coli |
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EITB: |
enzyme-linked immuno- |
&H: |
heavy chain |
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electrotransfer blot |
HACEK: |
Haemophilus, Actinoba- |
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ELISA: |
enzyme-linked immuno- |
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cillus, Cardiobacterium, |
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sorbent assay |
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Eikenella, Kingella |
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EM: |
electron microscopy |
HAT: |
hypoxanthine, |
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EMB: |
ethambutol |
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aminopterin, thymidine |
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EMCV: |
encephalomyocarditis |
Hb: |
hemoglobin |
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Abbreviations IX |
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HBs: |
hepatitis B surface antigen |
&IB: |
initial body |
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HBV: |
hepatitis B virus |
IEP: |
immunoelectrophoresis |
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HB vaccine: hepatitis B vaccine |
IFAT: |
indirect immunofluores- |
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HCC: |
hepatocellular carcinoma |
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cent antibody test |
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HCV: |
hepatitis C virus/ |
IFN: |
interferon |
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(human corona virus) |
Ig: |
immunoglobulin |
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HDCV: |
human diploid cell |
IHA: |
indirect hemagglutina- |
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vaccine |
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tion |
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HDV: |
hepatitis D virus |
(I)IF: |
(indirect) immunofluor- |
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HEV: |
hepatitis E virus/high |
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escence |
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endothelial venules |
IL: |
interleukin |
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Hfr: |
high frequency of recom- |
In: |
integron |
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bination |
INH: |
isoniazid (isonicotinic |
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HGE: |
human granulocytic |
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acid hydrazide) |
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ehrlichiosis |
IP3: |
inositol trisphosphate |
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HGV: |
hepatitis G virus |
IPV: |
inactivated polio vaccine |
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HHV: |
human herpes virus |
IR: |
inverted repeats |
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HI: |
hemagglutination |
Ir genes: |
immune response genes |
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inhibition |
IS: |
insertion sequence/inter- |
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Hib: |
Haemophilus influenzae, |
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cistron space |
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type b serovar |
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HIV: |
human immunodefi- |
&K cells: |
killer cells |
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ciency virus |
&L: |
light chain |
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HME: |
human monocytic |
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LA: |
latex agglutination |
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ehrlichiosis |
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lac operon: lactose operon |
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HPLC: |
high-pressure liquid |
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LAK: |
lymphokine-activated |
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chromatography |
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killer cells |
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HPS: |
hantavirus pulmonary |
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LB: |
leprosy bacterium |
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syndrome |
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LCA: |
leukocyte common |
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HRF: |
homologous restriction |
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antigen |
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factor (also histamine |
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LCM(V): |
lymphocytic chorio- |
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releasing factor) |
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meningitis (virus) |
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HFRS: |
hemorrhagic fever with |
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LE: |
lupus erythematosus |
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renal syndrome |
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LFA: |
lymphocyte function |
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hsp70: |
heat shock protein 70 |
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antigen |
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HSV: |
herpes simplex virus |
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LGL: |
large granular |
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HTLV: |
human T cell leukemia |
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lymphocyte |
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virus |
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LIF: |
leukemia inhibitory |
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HuCV: |
human calicivirus |
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factor |
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HUS: |
hemolytic-uremic |
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LL: |
lepromatous leprosy |
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syndrome |
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LM: |
light microscopy |
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HVG: |
host-versus-graft |
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LMC: |
larva migrans cutanea |
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(reaction) |
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X Abbreviations
LMV: larva migrans visceralis LOS: lipo-oligosaccharide LPS: lipopolysaccharide
LT: heat-labile E. coli enterotoxin
LTR: long terminal repeats
&MAC: membrane attack complex
MAF: macrophage activating factor
MALT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MBC: minimal bactericidal concentration
MBP: major basic protein/ myelin basic protein MCP: membrane cofactor
protein
M-CSF: macrophage colonystimulating factor
MF: merthiolate-formalin Mf: microfilaria
MHC: major histocompatibility complex
MIC: minimal inhibitory concentration
MIF: migration inhibitory factor/microimmunefluorescence
MLC: mixed lymphocyte culture
MLR: mixed lymphocyte reaction
MMR: live, attenuated, trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine
MMTV: murine mammary tumor virus
MOMP: major outer membrane protein
MOTT: mycobacteria other than TB (see NTM)
MZM: marginal zone macrophages
&NANB: nonA, nonB hepatitis NCVP: noncapsidic viral protein
NE: Nephropathica epidemica
Nfa: nonfimbrial adhesin NGU: nongonococcal urethritis NIDEP: German study on assess-
ment and prevention of nosocomial infections
NK cells: natural killer cells NTM: nontuberculous
(atypical) mycobateria (see MOTT)
NTR: nontranslated region
&OC: open circular (DNA)
OM: opportunistic mycosis OMP, Omp: outer membrane
protein
OPV: oral polio vaccine OSP, Osp:outer surface protein
&P: |
promoter |
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PAE: |
postantibiotic effect |
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PAIR: |
puncture, aspiration, in- |
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jection, respiration |
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PAS: |
para-aminosalicylic acid/ |
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periodic acid-Schiff stain |
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PAM: |
primary amebic |
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meningoencephalitis |
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PAP: |
pyelonephritis-associated |
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pili |
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PBL: |
peripheral |
blood lym- |
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phocytes |
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PC: |
phosphoryl |
choline/pri- |
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mary (tuberculous) |
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complex, Ghon’s complex |
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PCA: |
passive cutaneous |
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anaphylaxis |
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PCR: |
polymerase chain reaction |