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6.Изложите кратко содержание текста С.

7.Просмотрите тексты А, В, С еще раз и составьте

реферат на тему: “Vegetable crops”

UNIT VI

1. Прослушайте текст А. В паузах читайте его за диктором, соблюдая членение текста на смысловые группы и обращая внимание на логическое ударение слов в предложении.

Текст А

M.V.Lomonosov (1711 - 1765)

Michail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was a famous Russian writer, chemist and astronomer who made a lot in literature and science.

Lomonosov was born on November 19, 1711, in Denisovka

(now	Lomonosov), near Archangelsk, and studied at	the University
of the	imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.	After studing

in Germany at the Universities of Marburg and Freiberg, Lomonosov returned to St. Petersburg in 1745 to teach chemistry and built a teaching and research laboratory there four years later.

Lomonosov is often called the founder of Russian science. He was an innovator in many fields. As a science he rejected the phlogiston theory of matter commonly accepted at the time and he anticipated the kinetic theory of gases. He regardered heat as a form of motion, suggested the wave theory of light, and stated the idea of conservation of matter. Lomonosov was the first person to record the freezing of mercury and to observe the atmosphere of Venus.

Interested in the development of Russian education, Lomonosov helped to found Moscow State University in 1755, and in the same year he wrote a grammar that reformed the Russian literary

language	by combining Old Church Slavonic with modern language.
In 1760	he published the first history of Russia. He also revived the

art of Russian mosaic and built a mosaic and colored-glass factory. Most of his achievements, however, were unknown outside Russia. He died in St. Petersburg on April 15, 1765.

2.Найдите в тексте А предложения, где говорится о научных трудах М.В.Ломоносова.

3.Прочитайте текст В. Определите в каком абзаце сообщается о влиянии удобрений на урожаи.

Text B

K.A.Timiryazev: the importance of his work for agriculture.

Kliment Arkadievich TIMIRYAZEV (1843-1920) began his scientific activities in the field of agriculture in the town of Simbirsk. His teacher were D.I. Mendeleyev, I.M. Sechenov, I.I.Mechnikov, and other well-known scientists.

K. A. TIMIRYAZEV was one of the greatest plant physiologist of the 19th and 20th centuries. In his experiments and

theory he		practically solved	the problem of photosynthesis,							showing
that it depended on light intensity as light						quality.		He	also		wrote
much on the importance of			chlorophyll for			photosynthesis				process
which takes place in all plants on the Earth.
K. A. TIMIRYAZEV			also	studied, on an experimental plot,
the effect of various mineral fertilizers on					grain		yields and			proved
that the	use	of phosphates	in black soils		raised		greatly		crop yields.
Yet some of the fertilizers,			e.g.	sulphate	ammonia,			may		have a
harmful	effect on plants. Working on the				same experimental plot, he
discovered that deep ploughing was highly important in										the	fight
against	drought.
Later,		Academician V.R. Williams and				farm		practitioner			T.S.

Maltsev developed Timiryazev’s idea on deep ploughing: they introduced a new method of grain cultivation. They used machines that could plough soil some 40-50 cm deep.

Thus,		K.A.Timiryazev	work had great	influence		on modern
research in agriculture.
Timiryazev’s principal idea of agronomy was that plant is the
central object of agronomist;s work. According to					his	theory,		this
means	that	agriculturalists	should concentrate on		the		studies	of
climate,	soil,	fertilizers, etc, only in connection		with	plant’s		life.
K.A.Timiryazev was a			great patriot and	democrat.			After	the

Great October Socialist Revolution he did much to help people. He helped farmers to increase crop yields and thus to raise their standard of living.

Today the Moscow Higher Agricultural School where K.A.Timiryazev was a lecturer on plant physiology is the well-known Timiryazev Agricultural Academy

4.Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых заключена главная информация, а затем предложения, содержащие второстепенную информацию.

5.Переведите текст С со словарем.

Text C N.I.Vavilov (1887-1943)

N.I.Vavilov began his scientific activities in the Petrovsky agricultural and wood academy, nowadays Moscow agricultural academy of a name K.A.Timiryazev. For the first scientific work about the wreckers of winter crops Vavilov was awarded with the premium of a name A.P.Bogdanov. This work was certificated as the degree project.

The young scientist has chosen very important, but difficult scientific theme - immunity of plants to infectious diseases. He worked with extraordinary intensity. He was in a field all summer since morning till night: wrote down, measured, photographed.

Vavilov understood that a method of successful struggle with diseases of plants should become selection on stability. It was

necessary to study for this purpose genetics - science about a heredity and variability of plants. Therefore when Nikolay Ivanovitch was sent to England, France and Germany, he spent a part of his time in scientific establishments engaged in genetics. Vavilov had ability to languages: he was master subsequently two tens European and East languages and ancient languages.

His expedition to Iran and Pamirs in 1916 was the first travel of the outstanding scientist on research of vegetative resources of a planet. In Pamirs Nikolay Ivanovitch has found a completely new, unknown kind of rye. In 1917 N.I.Vavilov was elected as Professor of individual agriculture of agronomical faculty of the Saratov university. The years in Saratov were the most fruitful in life of the scientist.

In 1924 Vavilov have nominated as the director of All-Union institute of plants in Leningrad. To develop agriculture of the country, it was necessary to update the structure of agricultural crops. The grades, existing in that time, could not give steady crops in all climatic zones of Russia.

The extensive initial material was necessary for new grades of cultures. Only the world collection of all cultivated cultures could present it. And the scientist began to collect such collection. The largest collection of various cultural plants was assembled as a result of numerous botanic-agronomical expeditions of N.I.Vavilov. In the All-Union institute of plants, which is named of the academician N.I.Vavilov, the world collection assembled by him was kept during blockade of Leningrad by life of many employees, and totals more than 350 thousand seed samples nowadays.

6.Изложите кратко содержание текста С.

7.Просмотрите тексты А, В, С еще раз и составьте реферат на тему: “Russian scientists: the importance of their work for agriculture”