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Table 5

Approximate hours’ distribution during the young referees’ preparation month by month

(4th year of education)

Kinds of preparations					Month
	August	September	October	November	December	January	February	March	April	May
Theoretical preparation	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Basketball rules	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5
Rules interpretation	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5
Mechanics	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5
Pregame discussion	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5
Physical preparation	4	6	6	6	8	4	6	8	6	6
Basic physical preparation	2	2	2	2	3	2	2	3	2	2
Special physical preparation	2	4	4	4	5	2	4	5	4	4
Psychological preparation	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Psychology of conversation	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Conflict management	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Motivation	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Auto-training	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5
Ideo-motor preparation	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5
Practical preparation	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18
Officiating	9	9	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	9
Mechanics	3	3	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3
Signals	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2
Video discussion	4	4	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4
Tests	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Homework	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
Total hours:	41	43	43	43	45	41	43	45	43	43

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CONTENT of the PROGRAM Theoretic preparation of basketball referee

1. Rules. Basketball equipment.

Official Basketball Rules

RULE ONE –THE GAME

Art. 1 Definitions

RULE TWO –COURT AND EQUIPMENT

Art. 2 Court

Art. 3 Equipment

RULE THREE -TEAMS

Art. 4 Teams

Art. 5 Players: Injury

Art. 6 Captain: Duties and powers Art. 7 Coaches: Duties and powers

RULE FOUR -PLAYING REGULATIONS Art. 8 Playing time, tied score and extra periods

Art. 9 Beginning and end of a period or the game Art. 10 Status of the ball

Art. 11 Location of a player and an official Art. 12 Jump ball and alternating possession Art. 13 How the ball is played

Art. 14 Control of the ball

Art. 15 Player in the act of shooting Art. 16 Goal: When made and its value Art. 17 Throw-in

Art. 18 Time-out Art. 19 Substitution

Art. 20 Game lost by forfeit Art. 21 Game lost by default

RULE FIVE -VIOLATIONS

Art. 22 Violations

Art. 23 Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of-bounds Art. 24 Dribbling

Art. 25 Travelling Art. 26 Three seconds

Art. 27 Closely guarded player Art. 28 Eight seconds

Art. 29 Twenty-four seconds

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Art. 30 Ball returned to the backcourt

Art. 31 Goal tending and Interference

RULE SIX -FOULS

Art. 32 Fouls

Art. 33 Contact: General principles

Art. 34 Personal foul

Art. 35 Double foul

Art. 36 Unsportsmanlike foul

Art. 37 Disqualifying foul

Art. 38 Technical foul

Art. 39 Fighting

RULE SEVEN -GENERAL PROVISIONS Art. 40 Five fouls by a player

Art. 41 Team fouls: Penalty Art. 42 Special situations Art. 43 Free throws

Art. 44 Correctable errors

RULE EIGHT -OFFICIALS, TABLE OFFICIALS, COMMISSIONER: DUTIES

AND POWERS Art. 45 Officials, table officials and commissioner Art. 46 Referee: Duties and powers

Art. 47 Officials: Duties and powers

Art. 48 Scorer and assistant scorer: Duties Art. 49 Timer: Duties

Art. 50 Twenty-four (24) second clock-operator: Duties A -OFFICIALS’ SIGNALS

B -THE SCORESHEET

C-PROTEST PROCEDURE

D-CLASSIFICATION OF TEAMS

E-TELEVISION (TV) TIME-OUTS

INDEX TO THE RULES

Basketball equipment. All basketball equipment necessary for the game. Equipment for competitions of high and average level. Recommendations for equipment.

Official interpretations. Principles of the rulebook. Interpretations of different game situations.

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2. Technique of the game and basic technical and tactical methods of the game.

Technique of the game. Technique of the offensive. Technique of the defensive.

Tactics of the game. Forms of tactics. Means of tactics (tactical arsenal of actions). Forms of tactics (tactics in offensive and defensive).

3. Referees gestures and signals

Signals are the language of communication between referees. Description of the gestures (signals) of referee. Basic requirements for the gestures. Sequence of fulfilling of signals.

Questions

1.What are the simplest technical and tactical combinations in basketball?

2.What forms of offense and defense are used by teams during the game?

3.What are basic responsibilities of referee?

4.What are basic requirements for the physical form and conditions of referees?

5.Who makes the final decision on the court?

6.What forms of communications are used by referees during the game?

7.What is the mechanic of officiating?

8.What main functions Trail, Center, Lead referee are bearing?

9.What is the sequence of gestures during fouls or violations?

10.What is visual cooperation? For what is it necessary?

11.What are basic requirements for the gestures?

12.What does the referee’s teamwork mean? How is it expressed?

13.What is basic purpose of the pregame preparation?

14.What is role of the conversation after the game?

15.What does “control of the game without ball” mean?

16.What is basic position of the hand-checking play?

17.Determination -What is “the screen”?

18.What is Flopping (imitation “figure” drop)? Basic condition and procedure of determination and fixation of this violation by referees.

19.Determination and criteria of unsportsmanlike, technical and disqualified fouls.

20.Determination of “Cylinder of the player” and “Principle of verticality”. What

can the player do in his “cylinder”?

21. When do the rights of the referees begin and finish in the game?

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The physical preparation of referee

1. General physical preparation

The task of the general physical training of the referee. Training endurance. Training high-speed and power qualities, flexibility. Methods and the means of training occupations. Complexes of physical exercises.

Flexibility. Stretching. Forms of stretching. Methods of training flexibility. Pregame warm up. Methods of warm up.

Referees injured. Prophylactic and first aid during the injury.

Meals of the referee before the game and between games during tournament.

2. Special physical preparation

The task of the special physical training of referees. Exercises for the development of high-speed abilities and special endurance. Exercises for the development of flexibility and coordination.

3.Program of the individual preparation of referee

4.Warm up before the game

Warm up. Intensity of warm up. Stretching during warm up. Warm up exercises and their advantage. Forms of warm up exercises.

5. Meals before the game. Sleeping

Referees meals before and between the games. Caloricity of products. Consumption of the liquid. Weight control.

Questions

1.What is value of physical preparation for basketball referee?

2.What is purpose of the basic physical preparation for the referee?

3.What are purposes and tasks of the special physical preparation of the referee?

4.What is rapidity and endurance?

5.Why flexibility is necessary? Methods of training flexibility.

6.Stretching. Forms of stretching. When is it necessary to use stretching and for what?

7.What problems (purpose, task) does warm up solve (have) before the game?

8.What is balanced meal? How it is necessary to eat before the games or trainings?

9.For what it is necessary to control weight?

10.What do “the physical exercises” mean?

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11. What is interrelation between physical and psychological preparation of referee?

Introduction to the psychology of officiating

1. Psychological preparation of the referee

Psychology stability of the referee. General psychological preparation and psychological preparation for concrete competitions.

2. Psychology of contact (communication) in sport

Psychology of the conversation. Reserves of communications. Conflicts in communication. Speech in communication, words. Attention. Concentration in communication.

3. Stresses and psycho-emotional burning

Stresses. How to fight against stresses. Psycho-emotional burning out in the sport and in the civil life. Self-control. Self-control during the game. Control of emotions. Manage of errors, mistakes (reaction to errors). Key factors of problems. Recommendations.

4. Manage of conflicts during the game

Conflicts in the game. Referees mistakes. Volitional qualities of the referee. Authority of the referee.

5. Advises of psychologist

Auto-training. Practical recommendations. Ideo-motor training. Practical recommendations.

The Lang (the respiratory) gymnastics. Practical recommendations.

Questions

1.What does psychology study?

2.What kind of psychology knowledge is necessary for sport?

3.What are stages of conflict and stress?

4.What is motivation necessary for? Motivations forms.

5.What is the psycho-emotional burning out?

6.What methods are possible to regulate agitation, anxiety, psychological pressure during the game?

7.What it means “to be blocked” from the stress during the game?

8.What methods of self regulation do you know?

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9.What problem does respiratory gymnastics solve?

10.What is auto-training? Forms of auto-trainings.

11.What does ideo-motor training mean?

Practical preparation

1. The mechanic

Mechanics of officiating. Two men mechanics. Terms: “Lead”, “Trail”, “rotation, the area of responsibility”, “situation of the free throws”.

Three men mechanics. Terms: “side of ball”, “Lead referee (L)”, “Center referee (C)”, “Trail referee (T)”, “rotation”, “strong side”, “weak side”, “change of position”, “jump ball at the beginning of game”, “area of responsibility”.

Primary positions of referees when ball is located in the front court. Basic transitions when ball passes from one side to another (rotation). Basic transitions of referees when the ball moves towards the ring.

Basic transitions of referees when ball moves from the back to front court. Pressing.

Throw-in situations. The act of shooting.

Responsibility for the control of out of bounds violation and following throw-in. Change positions on the court.

Free throws situations.

Management of punishments for technical, disqualifying and unsportsmanlike fouls.

Three points attempt.

Contact situations. Personal contacts of players. Principle of cylinder (principle of verticality). Charge/block situations. Hand-checking. Imitation of personal fouls. Close guarding position for player who controls or does not control the ball. Game under the ring (basket). Act of shooting.

2. Official signals and gestures

Requirements for the gestures. Demonstration of gestures about foul or violations to the scorer table. Rules of using the official referee gestures and signals.

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3. Pregame conversation and the analysis of officiating

Task of the conversation before the game. Place and time for pregame conference. Video-analysis of officiating.

PREGAME DISCUSSION*:

1)Duties of referee before the game (table, game ball, equipment, signals).

2)Change of the Rules. Interpretations.

3)Jump ball. Arrow of alternative possession. Game clock.

4)Area of responsibility (back and front court for TRAIL, CENTER, LEAD).

5)Rotations (systems, visual cooperation during foul, who indicates rotation and when).

6)Off the ball coverage.

7)Out of bounds situations and throwing situations (eyes contact, cooperation: referee with ball – referee, referee with ball – table officials/ commissioner).

8)Violations: 3, 5, 8, 24 seconds.

9)Back court violations.

10)Press defense (responsibility of TRAIL and CENTER).

11)Hand checking.

12)Screens, holding without ball.

13)Flopping (official procedure).

14)Technical, unsportsmanlike, disqualified fouls (procedure).

15)Last shoot (responsibility).

16)Interference and goal tending.

17)Double and triple whistles.

18)Substitutions (procedure).

19)Communications with table officials (verbal and visual).

20)Time – out (during the game and last).

21)Three points shoot attempt (responsibility).

22)Free throws.

23)Team bench area (behavior of substitutions and team personal).

24)Principle of verticality.

25)Post play (rebound situations).

26)Last two minutes of the game or overtimes.

27)End of the game. Sign score-sheet. Leaving the basketball court.

28)After game discussions. Comments.

*All positions of conversation must be selected for concrete game!

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4. Control of the process of game and management for the young referees

Specifics of the referee job. Content, purpose and task of referees’ activity.

Preparation for the game. Strategy and tactics of the game. Psychological steadiness, concentration. Teamwork. Plan of actions. Strategy and tactics of interaction (communications). Official procedures. Technology of making decision. Characteristics of the referee. Stress. Emotions. Mistakes.

5. Self-control before the game

Managing of emotions before the game. Interrelation of mental, psychological factors and emotions. Basic factors of the self control.

Questions

1.What is basic task of the pregame conversation?

2.What is role of theoretical and practical preparation in the system of referee

preparation?

3.Who makes the final decision on the court?

4.Who is responsible for the control of 24 seconds during the game?

5.How to achieve the connection of referees with commissioner and table

officials?

6.Who is responsible for the procedure of substitutions?

7.What signals do referees use between themselves during the game?

8.What are basic actions of referees and procedure during the conflict or fight situations?

9.What does the preventive officiating mean?

10.Who has a right to take “Time out” or “Substitution”?

11.Who is responsible for control of the signals: the time, the light framework on the perimeter of board, 24 seconds team control, 8-seconds control, 3 and 5

seconds violations?

12.What is basic condition and criteria for travelling, carrying of the ball and double dribble?

13.When referee can ask the operator for survey of video replay of the game situation?

14.Primary positions to control by the referees during the active defense -

“pressing”.

15.Last shoot in the game. Who is responsible for the control?

16.What are interference with the ball and goal tending?

17.Double, triple whistles. Reason. Who makes final decision?

18.What questions are discussed by referees during the time out?

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19.What is the role of commissioner during the game?

20.Three point attempt.

21.The position and responsibility of referees during the free throws.

22.Who achieves control over the team bench area and accompanying persons?

23.What is the basic purpose of “feedback” between the Commissioner and

referees?

Tests Rule tests

Instructions: it is proposed to answer to 25 questions. In each question we have 2 versions of answer. You should select one correct answer and answer correctly to 20 questions (80%).

1. Fitness test FIBA for evaluating the level of physical preparedness of referees

Fitness test FIBA is basic test for evaluating the level of the physical preparedness of referees. FIBA proposed this test for all national federations. Definition of test. Test is made to estimate the level of the general physical preparedness of referees.

Normative requirements: for men it is necessary to shuttle run the distance of 20 meters, and during 10 minutes the distance of 1720 meters, for women during 8 minutes - 1320 meters according to the sound signal.

2. Referees test “Shuttle”

Requirements: it is necessary to run the distance of shuttle run proposed three times and to spend no more than 35 seconds on each attempt. Interval of

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