Пособия / Techical English Basics. Основы технического английского

His lifestyle. Despite all his money and power, the Sultan is a very shy man. He often goes to international meetings but says very little. In 1965, when he was nineteen, he married his cousin, Princess Saleha, who was sweet, pretty, and only sixteen. Time passed and she became more and more reserved. In 1980, the Sultan met an air hostess called Mariam Bell. She is much more outgoing than many Bruneian girls and the Sultan fell in love with her. So, in 1981, he married her, too, and now the two wives and ten children – four princes and six princesses – all live happily together in the palace.

And the Sultan himself? With all his wealth, is he a happy man? Nobody asks him that.

Words and expressions to be remembered:

to descend ruling wealth outgoing to share despite shy reserved

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

1. (Text 1) Answer the questions:

1. What used to be the only form of transportation in the desert?

2.How many camels did traders use to put together in camel trains?

3.How fast did camel trains use to move?

4.How much weight did the camels use to carry?

5.What did people use to call the camels?

6.Did people use to eat and sleep on planes?

II. (Text 2) Answer the questions:

1. What do the following numbers refer to?

1363

1,788

257

1996

230,000

19

1981

10

2.Find three reasons why Brunei is so rich.

3.What is the Sultan like?

4.What are his wives like?

5.Read the following summary of the text. There are five mistakes in it. Find and correct them.

The Sultan of Brunei is descended from the oldest ruling family on earth and he is one of the richest men in the world. He owns lots of hotels in many different countries and some years ago, he built the big-

–41 –

gest palace in East Asia. He is very sociable and outgoing and in 1996, he had a party, which lasted three days, to celebrate his fortieth birthday. In 1981, he divorced his first wife and married an air hostess. He has ten children and lives in the palace with his family. He also has houses in London.

III. (Text 1) Translate the following sentences into English.

1. В пустыне на протяжении многих лет верблюды были единственным транспортным средством.

2.Этот вид транспорта был настолько важен, что верблюдов называли «кораблями пустыни».

3.Сейчас современные поезда пересекают пустыню за очень короткое время.

4.Современные поезда используют специальные вагоны для своих грузов.

5.Раньше двигатели самолетов иногда глохли (останавливались)

всередине полета.

6.Люди раньше никогда не ели, не спали и не смотрели кино в самолетах. Сейчас это обычное дело при путешествиях по воздуху.

IV. (Text 2) Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Его Величество, Султан Брунея, – один из самых богатых людей в мире.

2.Королевская линия восходит к 1363.

3.Несколько лет назад в Брунее он построил самый большой дворец в мире.

4.Бруней продает нефть и газ Японии и зарабатывает на этом 2 миллиарда долларов в год.

5.Вопреки деньгам и могуществу, Султан очень застенчивый человек.

6.Она более открытая по характеру, чем многие брунейские девушки, и Султан влюбился в нее.

Drills

Составьте предложения, следуя образцам.

Drill 1. I believe William eats too much.

·He used to, but he doesn’t any more.

–42 –

1. I believe Lilian lives in London.

2.I believe they often watch TV.

3.I believe Bob runs very fast.

4.I believe your aunt plays the piano.

5.I believe your neighbours often quarrel.

6.I believe Jim gets up early.

Drill 2. I don’t like chocolate now. (when I was a boy) · But I used to like chocolate when I was a boy.

1. We don’t study French any more. (at school)

2.You don’t play football any more. (when you were younger)

3.They don’t smoke. (when they were at University)

4.He hasn’t got much money. (when he was a film actor)

5.She is not beautiful. (when she was young)

6.I don’t get up early. (when I was a schoolboy)

7.I don’t read much. (when I was at school)

Drill 3. My car is fast.

· I think my car is faster.

1. My suitcase is heavy.

2.My coat is dusty.

3.My room is hot

4.My hair is wet..

5.My window is large

6.My food is bad.

Drill 4. Was it an exciting trip?

· Yes, it was more exciting than I expected.

1. Was it a comfortable coach?

2.Was it an expensive weekend?

3.Was it an interesting town?

Drill 5. Is it a good film? (to see)

4.Was it a modern plane?

5.Was it a dangerous landing?

6.Was it a difficult problem?

· Yes, it’s the best film I’ve ever seen.

1. Is it a long book? (to read)		5. Is it a good ship? (to see)
2. Is it a boring book? (to read)		6. Is she a beautiful girl? (to meet)
3.	Is it a beautiful painting? (to see) 7.		Is he an interesting person? (to meet)
4.	Is it a good museum? (to visit)	8.	Is it a beautiful country? (to visit)

– 43 –

Grammar Exercises

I. Проанализируйте употребление конструкции ‘used to’ в утвердительных,oтрицательныхивопросительныхпредложениях.

Used to

He used to smoke, but he never smokes now.

He didn’t use to smoke, but he smokes now.

Did he use to smoke?

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, используя конструкцию ‘used to’.

1. Mr Green played football before he was married.

2.Mr West drove very fast before he had that bad accident.

3.Travel was slower fifty years ago.

4.She was quite pretty in those days.

III.Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную

ивопросительную формы.

1. I used to eat a lot of sweets when I was a child.

2.They used to live in a small village.

3.Tom used to travel a lot.

4.She used to be my best friend.

IV. Поставьтевсетипывопросовкследующимпредложениям.

1. They used to live in London.

2.He used to paint pictures.

3.They used to live in a small flat in the town.

V. Проанализируйте способы образования степеней сравнения прилагательных.

Сравнительная степень			Превосходная степень
Односложные	small	smaller	the smallest
прилагательные	*big	bigger	the biggest

– 44 –

	Прилагательные,	funny	funnier	the funniest
	оканчивающиеся на –y	heavy	heavier	the heaviest
	Двухсложные и много-	careful	more careful	the most careful
	cложныеприлагательные	expensive	moreexpensive themostexpensive
	Исключения	good	better	the best
		bad	worse	the worst
		far	further/farther	the furthest/farthest
		many, much more		the most

VI. Раскройте скобки, употребив прилагательные в сравнительной степени.

1. The prices are (expensive) this year than last year.

2.Many people think that nurses work (hard) than doctors.

3.Which river is (long) – the Thames or the Seine?

4.Have this armchair. It’s (comfortable) than that one.

5.I think the Science Museum is (interesting) than the Natural History Museum.

6.My new job is (good) than my old one.

7.We’re moving to a (big) office next year.

VII. Раскройте скобки, употребив прилагательные в превосходной степени.

1. New York is one of the (exciting) cities in the world!

2.The (tall) person in our family is my younger brother.

3.What’s the (long) river in China?

4.The Rhine is one of the (polluted) rivers in the world.

5.The (bad) part of the journey is between Singapore and Sydney.

6.Florida has some of the (beautiful) beaches in the USA.

7.She’s one of my (good) friends.

UNIT 9

Grammar: 1. The Past Simple Tense and the Present Perfect Tense

2. Adjectives and adverbs Text: ‘Dinosaurs’

– 45 –

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs lived on the earth for 135 million years. They appeared 200 million years ago, and they disappeared 65 million years ago. They were the largest animals ever to live on earth, and they ruled the earth for a very long period of time. Dinosaurs lived in North America, in Africa, and in Europe. During this time the land in North America was under a large, shallow sea. Many dinosaurs lived in the water, which helped to hold up their great weight. The early dinosaurs walked on two feet, and they ate meat. The later dinosaurs were larger and walked on four feet. Some of the later dinosaurs ate plants only.

Why did dinosaurs die out? Nobody knows for sure. Probably a change in the weather made serious problems for them. About 70 million years ago, the Rocky Mountains formed in North America. The plant life and the weather changed. Perhaps the dinosaurs couldn’t change fast enough.

People who like dinosaurs can see fossils in Dinosaur National Park. This park is in Utah and Colorado. Fossils are bones which have become stone. Fossils have taught us a lot about these great animals of the past.

Words and expressions to be remembered:

a dinosaur to disappear shallow serious fossils

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

I. Answer the questions.

1. How long did dinosaurs live on the earth?

2.When did they appear on the earth?

3.When did they disappear?

4.Where did dinosaurs live?

5.Why did many dinosaurs live in the water?

6.How did the early dinosaurs walk and what did they eat?

7.How did the later dinosaurs walk?

8.What made serious problems for them?

9.Where can people see fossils?

10. What are fossils?

– 46 –

II. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Динозавры исчезли 65 миллионов лет назад.

2.Динозавры были самыми крупными животными, которые когда-либо жили на Земле.

3.Динозавры господствовали на Земле очень долго.

4.Многие динозавры жили в воде, которая помогала им удерживать свой большой вес.

5.Ранние динозавры передвигались на двух ногах, и они питались только растениями.

Drills

Составьте предложения, следуя образцам.

Drill 1. do the washing-up

· Have you done the washing-up yet? – Yes, I’ve just done it.

1. finish your homework	6. buy your plane ticket
2. wash your hair	7. speak to the bank manager
3. clean the car	8. make a cup of tea
4. make the dinner	9. read the report
5. do the shopping	10. call a taxi

Drill 2. Have you ever been to England? (last year) · Yes. I have. I was there last year.

1. Has your cousin returned? (last week)

2.Has it rained here lately? (yesterday morning)

3.Has your little brother watched TV this week? (yesterday)

4.Has your friend already moved to a new flat? (a month ago)

5.Have you given them my new address? (yesterday)

Drill 3. I have seen the film before. And Fred? (last night) · Fred saw it last night.

1. Kate has been to London this month. And Mary? (last month)

2.They’ve lived in Scotland for five years. And you? (in 1980)

3.I haven’t seen his cousin for ages. And Helen? (last summer)

–47 –

4.We haven’t got any letters from Bob for a long time. And Ned? (yesterday)

5.Peter has played football all his life. And Tom? (only in his schooldays)

Drill 4. Nancy has opened a box. · When did she open it?

1. Peter has learned his lessons.

2.She has made a cake.

3.The car has stopped at the edge of the cliff.

4.They have had their coffee.

5.Harold has bought a new flat.

6.The children has built a bonfire in the garden.

7.The class has begun.

Drill 5. That’s a beautiful girl. · She sings beautifully.

1. That’s a quick answer. He answers _____.

2.That’s a quiet boy. He speaks _____.

3.That’s a bad player. He plays _____.

4.That’s a careful driver. He drives _____.

5.That’s a slow thinker. He thinks _____.

6.That’s a good book. She writes _____.

Drill 6. Ben is quick. How does he play? · He plays quickly.

1. Lorna is angry. How does she speak?

2.Peter is sad. How does he look?

3.They are happy. How do they talk?

4.Peter is quick. How does he stop?

5.They were quiet. How did they speak?

6.Mother was angry. How did she help?

Grammar Exercises

I. Напишите инфинитивы следующих причастий прошедшего времени.

– 48 –

e.g. visited – visit eaten – eat

seen, taken, met, driven, drunk, cooked, lived, stayed, flown, bought, won, written, had, made, sent, done.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребив сказуемое во времени: a) Present Perfect и b) Past Simple.

1. I drink tea for breakfast. (always/ yesterday)

2.It rains here. (never/ last week)

3.They go to Monte Carlo. (recently/ for their last holiday)

4.He smokes in bed. (never/ when he was ill)

5.Mother makes a nice cake. (often/ for tea yesterday)

6.Do you write letters? (already/ while you were away)

7.He sleeps in the garden. (lately/ last night)

III. Проанализируйте наречия, употребляемые во временах

Past Simple и Present Perfect.

Past Simple	yesterday, last year, 2 days ago	I saw him yesterday.
Present Perfect lately, this week, never, ever, just, already		I haven’t met him lately.

IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив сказуемое в Past Simple

или Present Perfect tense.

1. He (be) in prison since last October.

2.I (never see) her so angry.

3.I (meet) him only yesterday.

4.They (go) out five minutes ago.

5.Who (write) ‘Hamlet’?

6.(you hear) anything of him lately?

7.She (write) me two letters this week.

V. Проанализируйте способы образования наречий.

		Adjective	Adverb
a. Образование наречий		quick	quickly
	– 49 –

beautiful	beautifully
happy	happily
true	truly
b. Исключения	good well
c. Прилагательные и наречия,	daily, deep, early, fast, hard, high,
	late, loud,
имеющие одинаковую форму	low, pretty, straight, etc.
	Adaily newspaper. It arrives daily.
	A hard worker. He works hard.
	A fast car. He drives fast.

VI. Образуйте наречия от следующих прилагательных.

1. happy	4. sound	7. busy	10.terrible
2. perfect	5. quick	8. good	11.true
3. frequent	6. possible	9. full	12.enthusiastic

VII. Заполните пропуски прилагательными или наречиями.

1. Could I have a ..... word with you? (quick, quickly)

2.She walked away ...... (quick, quickly)

3.This is a ..... train – it stops everywhere. (slow, slowly)

4.I’ve got an ..... job for you. (easy, easily)

5.She writes in ..... English. (perfect, perfectly)

6.I sing very ...... (bad, badly)

7.I feel ..... today. (happy, happily)

8.Could you talk more ....., please? (quiet, quietly)

UNIT 10

Grammar: 1. The Past Continuous Tense

2. The Past Simple Tense (Revision)

Texts: 1. ‘Noisy Neighbours’

2. ‘Electronic Car’

– 50 –