1979
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¬•‡ †‚ˆŒ‰••™ˆŠš, ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡ˆŽ Œˆ¢Ž™‰ƒˆ„••‰Ž ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜Ž” •™•ˆƒ‰”Œ‰–‰ƒˆ„•”š, • Š™Ž¢ˆ„•”Ž™š•ˆ, †Š‡ˆƒ‰”š ‚ƒˆ—ŽŠŠ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜ ‰ ‚ƒˆ‰–„ˆ¢Š”„• ‡ˆ•‡ƒŽ”•ˆ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜. «™˜ †Š‚Ž·•ˆ•ˆ ƒŽ·Ž•‰˜ –•¢•’ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œˆ ƒŽ·‰”š –•¢•’† ˆ‚ƒŽ¢Ž™Ž•‰˜ •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œˆ•ˆ ‰ ¢ˆŠ”•”ˆ’•ˆ•ˆ ’‰Š™• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„, ˆ¢•ˆ–••’•ˆ ˆ‚‰Š•„•¸µ‰… ³™ŽŒŽ•” ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ ‰™‰ Š¶ˆƒˆ’•ˆ•ˆ †–™•. œ••™‰–‰ƒ†¸”Š˜ ‚ˆ¢…ˆ¢• ƒ˜¢• †’Ž••… ‡ ƒŽ·Ž•‰¸ ³”ˆ• –•¢•’‰. Ÿ”ŒŽ’•Ž”Š˜, ’”ˆ —Ž™ŽŠˆˆ¶ƒ•–•ˆ ƒ•–™‰’•”š „•†”ƒŽ••¸¸ ‰ „•Ž·•¸¸ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰¸.
¦•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•, „•¢Ž™˜¸µ‰Ž ²‰•†ƒ†, •Ž–•„‰Š‰Œˆ ˆ” ŽŽ ‚ˆ™ˆ£Ž•‰˜ „ ‚ƒˆŠ”ƒ••Š”„Ž, …•ƒ•‡”Žƒ‰–†¸” ŽŽ ²ˆƒŒ†, ‰ ‚ˆ³”ˆŒ† ••–•„•¸”Š˜ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•Œ‰ ²ˆƒŒ•. ¦•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•, „•¶ƒ••••Ž ‚ƒ‰ „•Ž·•Ž• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰, ••–•„•¸”Š˜ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•Œ‰ ‚ˆ™ˆ£Ž•‰˜.
»‰Š™ˆ, „•ƒ•£•¸µŽŽ Š†ŒŒ† ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ²ˆƒŒ• ‰ ‚ˆ™ˆ£Ž•‰˜, ••–•„•¸” ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Œ ’‰Š™ˆŒ ²‰•†ƒ•.
ž•‡‰Œ ˆ¶ƒ•–ˆŒ, ˆ¶µŽŽ ’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ƒ•„•˜Ž”Š˜ Š†ŒŒŽ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ²ˆƒŒ• ‰ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ‚ˆ™ˆ£Ž•‰˜.
E=P+Q
ª¢Ž E ° ˆ¶µŽŽ ’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„, P ° ’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ²ˆƒŒ•,
Q ° ’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ‚ˆ™ˆ£Ž•‰˜.
‘’‰”•Ž”Š˜, ’”ˆ ¢™˜ ˆ¢•ˆ–••’•ˆ•ˆ „•¢Ž™Ž•‰˜ Ž¢‰•Š”„Ž••ˆ• ²‰•†ƒ• ”ƒŽ¶†Ž”Š˜ ‡ˆ•Ž’•ˆŽ ’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„. º”ˆ ’‰Š™ˆ Œˆ£•ˆ †Š™ˆ„•ˆ –•‚‰Š•”š „ Š™Ž¢†¸µŽ• ²ˆƒŒŽ:
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ªP=€€+(€«+€–)-¬- |
(1) |
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ª¢Ž |
½P |
° •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰ŒˆŽ ‰ ¢ˆŠ”•”ˆ’•ˆŽ |
’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ¢™˜ |
ˆ‚ƒŽ¢Ž™Ž•‰˜ ²‰•†ƒ•, |
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¦¦ |
° |
‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•, ˆ‚ƒŽ¢Ž™˜¸µ‰Ž ‚ˆ™ˆ£Ž•‰Ž ™¸¶ˆ• ²‰•†ƒ• „ |
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‚ƒˆŠ”ƒ••Š”„Ž ˆ”•ˆŠ‰”Ž™š•ˆ „•¶ƒ•••ˆ• Š‰Š”ŽŒ• ‡ˆˆƒ¢‰••”, ¦¡ ° ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•, ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜¸µ‰Ž ‰– Œ•ˆ£ŽŠ”„• ²‰•†ƒ „•¢Ž™‰”š ²‰•†ƒ•
ˆ¢•ˆ• ²ˆƒŒ•, ¦• ° ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•, ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜¸µ‰Ž ‰– Œ•ˆ£ŽŠ”„• ²‰•†ƒ ˆ¢•ˆ• ²ˆƒŒ•
„•¢Ž™‰”š ²‰•†ƒ• ˆ¢•ˆ• „Ž™‰’‰••, ª® ° ’‰Š™ˆ •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… †Š™ˆ„‰•, ˆ‚ƒŽ¢Ž™˜ŽŒ•… Šˆˆ”•ˆ·Ž•‰˜Œ‰
²‰•†ƒ ‰ †ŒŽ•š·•¸µ‰… ’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„. ‘†µŽŠ”„†Ž” „ŠŽ•ˆ ‚˜”š
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•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… |
†Š™ˆ„‰•: |
‰•—‰¢Ž•”•ˆŠ”š, |
‚Žƒ‚Ž•¢‰‡†™˜ƒ•ˆŠ”š, |
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‚•ƒ•™™Ž™š•ˆŠ”š, Š‰ŒŒŽ”ƒ‰˜, Šˆ‚ƒ˜£Ž•‰Ž. |
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€ˆ ¢™˜ ‚ˆ™•ˆ—Ž••ˆ•ˆ |
ˆ‚‰Š••‰˜ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ |
”ˆ™š‡ˆ |
•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… |
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‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ •Ž¢ˆŠ”•”ˆ’•ˆ. |
•Š·‰ƒ‰Œ ‚ƒ‰„Ž¢Ž•••Ž |
„•·Ž ²ˆƒŒ†™• |
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•Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Œ‰ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•Œ‰. |
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ªP= ªP¬+ªP¨¬=(€€+(€«+€–)-¬-)+(€¨¬-¨¬-) |
(2) |
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•¢Ž ½Pª ° ’‰Š™ˆ •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„; ½P€ª ° ’‰Š™ˆ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„; ¦€ª ° •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•; €ª® ° •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž †Š™ˆ„‰˜.
¦ˆŠ‡ˆ™š‡† •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• Œˆ•†” ‰ŒŽ”š Š•Œ†¸ ƒ•–™‰’•†¸ ‚ƒ‰ƒˆ¢†, ”ˆ ‰… ’‰Š™ˆ •Ž„ˆ–Œˆ£•ˆ ˆ‚ƒŽ¢Ž™‰”š ”ˆ’•ˆ. -ˆ£•ˆ ™‰·š „•¢Ž™‰”š Š†µŽŠ”„Ž•••Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•, ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚‰•™š•ˆ „™‰˜¸µ‰Ž •• ‡ˆ•Š”ƒ†‡—‰¸ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜, ‰ •ŽŠ†µŽŠ”„Ž•••Ž, ‡ˆ”ˆƒ•Œ‰ Œˆ£•ˆ ‚ƒŽ•Ž¶ƒŽ’š. Ž·Ž•‰ŽŒ ‚ƒŽ¢Š”•„™˜Ž”Š˜ ‡ˆŒ‚ƒˆŒ‰ŠŠ ŒŽ£¢† •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œ•Œ ‰ ¢ˆŠ”•”ˆ’••Œ ’‰Š™ˆŒ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ Š ˆ¢•ˆ• Š”ˆƒˆ••, ‰ „•¢Ž™Ž•‰ŽŒ ²ƒ•‡”•™š••… †ƒˆ„•Ž•, ˆ‚ƒŽ¢Ž™˜¸µ‰… ˆ¶™•Š”š „™‰˜•‰˜ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ Š ¢ƒ†•ˆ•.
¦ƒ‰ ‚ˆŠ”••ˆ„‡Ž –•¢•’‰ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜ ‡ˆ•‡ƒŽ”•ˆ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ –•¢•¸”Š˜
‡ƒ‰”Žƒ‰‰, ‡ˆ”ˆƒ•Œ ³”ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ ¢ˆ™£•ˆ †¢ˆ„™Ž”„ˆƒ˜”š. ´•¢•Ž”Š˜ ‡ˆ•Ž’•ˆŽ ’‰Š™ˆ Š†µŽŠ”„Ž•••… Š„ˆ•Š”„ ° ”Ž… Š„ˆ•Š”„, ‡ˆ”ˆƒ•Ž ‰ŒŽ¸” ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚‰•™š•ˆŽ –••’Ž•‰Ž. €ˆ ™¸¶ˆ• ˆ¶¹Ž‡” „ ‚ƒ‰ƒˆ¢Ž ‰ŒŽŽ” Š™ˆ£•†¸ Š”ƒ†‡”†ƒ†. ‘„ˆ•Š”„•, •Ž Š†µŽŠ”„Ž•••Ž ¢™˜ —Ž™š•ˆ•ˆ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”•, †£Ž Œˆ•†” ‰ŒŽ”š ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚‰•™š•ˆŽ –••’Ž•‰Ž ¢™˜ ˆ¢•ˆ•ˆ ‰™‰ •ŽŠ‡ˆ™š‡‰… ‚ˆ¢ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„.
»ŽŒ ¶ˆ™ŽŽ ¢Ž”•™š•ˆ ƒ•ŠŠŒ•”ƒ‰„•Ž”Š˜ ‰–¢Ž™‰Ž „ ‚ƒˆ—ŽŠŠŽ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜, ”ŽŒ ¶ˆ™š·ŽŽ ‡ˆ™‰’ŽŠ”„ˆ •ˆ„•… Š„ˆ•Š”„ ••’‰••Ž” ‚ƒŽ¢Š”•„™˜”š ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚‰•™š••• ‰•”ŽƒŽŠ. ¦ƒ‰ ³”ˆŒ ’•Š”š Š„ˆ•Š”„ Œˆ£Ž” †”ƒ•”‰”š Š„ˆ¸ „•£•ˆŠ”š. §¸¶ˆ• ˆ¶¹Ž‡” ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜ ‚ƒŽ¢Š”•„™˜Ž”Š˜ ²ƒ•‡”•™š••Œ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆŒ Š ‡ˆ„•ƒ‰••”••Œ Š•Œˆ‚ˆ¢ˆ¶‰ŽŒ - ¶ŽŠ‡ˆ•Ž’•ˆ Š™ˆ£••Œ ‰ •ŽŠ†µ‰Œ „ ŠŽ¶Ž ‰•²ˆƒŒ•—‰¸, ’•Š”‰’•ˆ †••Š™Ž¢ˆ„•••†¸ Š ¶ˆ™ŽŽ „•Šˆ‡ˆ•ˆ †ƒˆ„•˜, ’•Š”‰’•ˆ - Š„ˆ¸ Šˆ¶Š”„Ž••†¸, …•ƒ•‡”Žƒ‰–†¸µ†¸ ‰ŒŽ••ˆ Ž•ˆ.
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13
Ž·Ž•‰ŽŒ –¢ŽŠš Œˆ£Ž” Š”•”š „ˆ–Œˆ£•ˆŠ”š ‚ƒŽ¢Š”•„‰”š ˆ¶¹Ž‡” „ „‰¢Ž ‰Žƒ•ƒ…‰’ŽŠ‡ˆ• ¢ƒŽ„ˆ„‰¢•ˆ• Š”ƒ†‡”†ƒ•, ‡•£¢•• ³™ŽŒŽ•” ‡ˆ”ˆƒˆ• ˆ‚ƒŽ¢Ž™˜Ž”Š˜ Š„ˆ‰Œ‰ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•Œ‰, –•¢•¸µ‰Œ‰ ˆ¶™•Š”š Š†µŽŠ”„ˆ„••‰˜ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„ •‰£•‰… †ƒˆ„•Ž•, ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• ‡ˆ”ˆƒ•…, „ Š„ˆ¸ ˆ’ŽƒŽ¢š ˆ‡•–•„•¸” ‡ˆƒƒŽ‡”‰ƒ†¸µŽŽ „™‰˜•‰Ž •• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• „ŠŽ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜.
¨”•‡, €•‚ €•‚ƒ‚„…‚†•‡†‚ˆ ‰Š…Š€‡‹…Œ•ŠŽŒ‡ˆ ƒ„‚…† €•‡ˆ†‰Š‹ €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒˆ•‰Žˆ• •ƒ•…‘Š‰, ˆ†…•’…“• ˆ…Œ‰Œ”ˆ•…–‘„• ‚Œ…—•—ˆ‚‡„• –ŠŒ„‘Š„Œ„, — Œ‰†‘‰” ‘•Š•Œ•˜ ‘‰™‚š˜ ›œ…†…‡Š •€ˆ–š—‰…Š–• •€Œ…‚…œ…‡‡š† •ˆ–œ•† €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒ•—, ‰ “…•†…ŠŒˆ•…–‘ˆ… ˆ ‡…“…•†…ŠŒˆ•…–‘ˆ… „–œ•—ˆ•, •‰‚‰—‰…†š… €Œˆ •ƒ•…‚ˆ‡…‡ˆˆ ›œ…†…‡Š•— — „•…œ ˆœˆ –ƒ•Œ••‡„• …‚ˆ‡ˆŽ, €••—•œ••Š ž•Œ†ˆŒ•—‰Š‹ ‡‰ƒ•Œ €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒ•— ‚‰‡‡•“• „•œ‰ ˆœˆ –ƒ•Œ••‡•˜ …‚ˆ‡ˆŽš.
«••••• ‚ˆ¢…ˆ¢ ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜Ž” ‰–¶•„‰”šŠ˜ ˆ” ƒ˜¢• •Ž¢ˆŠ”•”‡ˆ„ ‚ƒˆŠ”ˆ• (ˆ¢•ˆ†ƒˆ„•Ž„ˆ•) ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰, • ‰ŒŽ••ˆ:
‘ˆ‡ƒ•”‰”š Š™ˆ£•ˆŽ „™‰˜•‰Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”• •• ˆ¶™•Š”š Š†µŽŠ”„ˆ„••‰˜ ¢ƒ†•‰… ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ”ˆ•ˆ £Ž ˆ¶¹Ž‡”•;
®ŒŽ•š·‰”š ’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜, ˆ•ƒ••‰’‰„ “Š²Žƒ† ‰… „™‰˜•‰˜›;
•–ƒ•¶ˆ”•”š †•‰„ŽƒŠ•™š••• •™•ˆƒ‰”Œ, ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜¸µ‰• †‚ƒˆŠ”‰”š ƒ•–ƒ•¶ˆ”‡† ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ ™¸¶ˆ• Š™ˆ£•ˆŠ”‰ ‚ƒ‰ ‚ˆŒˆµ‰ ŒŽ”ˆ¢ˆ„ ‚ˆŠ™Ž¢ˆ„•”Ž™š•ˆ•ˆ †”ˆ’•Ž•‰˜ ²†•‡—‰ˆ••™š••… …•ƒ•‡”Žƒ‰Š”‰‡ ”ƒŽ¶†ŽŒˆ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜.
¬•‡ „‰¢•ˆ ‰– ²ˆƒŒ†™ (1) ‰ (2), Šˆ‡ƒ•”‰”š ’‰Š™ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜Ž” †’Ž” •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ‰ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… †Š™ˆ„‰•.
»ŽŒ ¶ˆ™ŽŽ Š™ˆ£•ˆŽ ‰–¢Ž™‰Ž ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒ†Ž”Š˜, ”ŽŒ ¶ˆ™š·Ž •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ‰ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… †Š™ˆ„‰• •• •Ž•ˆ ••‡™•¢•„•Ž”Š˜. º”ˆ Šˆ‡ƒ•µ•Ž” ’‰Š™ˆ ˆ‚‰Š•„•¸µ‰… Ž•ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„. €•™ˆ£Ž•‰Ž •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ‰ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ˆ¶¹Ž¢‰•˜Ž” ƒ•–ƒˆ–•Ž•••Ž ³™ŽŒŽ•”• „ —Ž™š•ˆŽ ‰–¢Ž™‰Ž. ž•‡£Ž ‚ƒ‰ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰‰ Š™ˆ£•ˆ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜, ’•Š”š ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ Ž•ˆ ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„ •Ž ˆ‡•–•„•Ž” „™‰˜•‰˜ •• ‰–¢Ž™‰Ž „ —Ž™ˆŒ, •, Š™Ž¢ˆ„•”Ž™š•ˆ, •Ž ˜„™˜Ž”Š˜ Ž•ˆ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•Œ‰.
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14
¦ƒ‰ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰‰ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ „ˆ–•‰‡•Ž” •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰ŒˆŠ”š ‰–ŒŽ•‰”š ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• •Ž „ŠŽ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜, • ”ˆ™š‡ˆ ˆ¢•ˆ•ˆ ‰™‰ •ŽŠ‡ˆ™š‡‰… Ž•ˆ ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„.
• ³”ˆŒ Š™†’•Ž •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œˆ ˆ”ƒŽ¢•‡”‰ƒˆ„•”š ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• ³™ŽŒŽ•”•, ¢•„ „ˆ–Œˆ£•ˆŠ”š •¶Š”ƒ••‰ƒˆ„•”šŠ˜ ˆ” ³™ŽŒŽ•”•, ‡•‡ ŠˆŠ”•„•ˆ• ’•Š”‰ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜. ¨••’Ž •ˆ„ˆƒ˜, Š•˜”š •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž ‰ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž †Š™ˆ„‰˜, ˆ¶¹Ž¢‰•˜¸µ‰Ž ³™ŽŒŽ•”• „ ‰–¢Ž™‰Ž. º”ˆ” ‚ƒˆ—ŽŠŠ ¶†¢ŽŒ ••–•„•”š
˜Œ…Ž•Ž‡Œ••‚•Ž„‚Œ•.
¨”•‡, •‡‰Š…Š€‡‹…Œ•ŠŽŒ• Ÿ ›Š• €Œ•Ž…–– –‡•Šˆ• “…•†…ŠŒˆ•…–‘ˆ” ˆ ‡…“…•†…ŠŒˆ•…–‘ˆ” „–œ•—ˆ˜, •ƒ•…‚ˆ‡••’ˆ” ›œ…†…‡Šš — Ž…œ‹‡•… ˆ•‚…œˆ…, ˆ €••—•œ••’ˆ˜ €Œ•ˆ•—•‚ˆŠ‹ Œ‰ƒ•Š„ – ›œ…†…‡Š‰†ˆ ‘‰‘ – –‰†•–Š••Š…œ‹‡š†ˆ
•ƒ•…‘Š‰†ˆ.
žŽŒ •Ž ŒŽ•ŽŽ, Š™Ž¢†Ž” –•ŒŽ”‰”š, ’”ˆ ‚ƒ‰ ‰–ŒŽ•Ž•‰‰ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„ Š•Œˆ ‡ˆ•Ž’•ˆŽ ‰–¢Ž™‰Ž •Ž ¢ˆ™£•ˆ ƒ•–ƒ†·•”šŠ˜. ¦•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• ³”ˆ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ ¢ˆ™£•• ‡ˆƒƒŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„•”šŠ˜ „ Šˆˆ”„Ž”Š”„‰‰ Š ‰–ŒŽ•Ž•‰ŽŒ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ Ž•ˆ ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„, ”ˆ ŽŠ”š, •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œ• „ˆ–Œˆ£•ˆŠ”š „ˆ–„ƒ•”• ˆ” ƒŽ¢•‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜ ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„ „•†”ƒ‰ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ ‡ ƒŽ¢•‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰¸ „ŠŽ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜. œ ‰ŒŽ••ˆ ‚ƒˆ—ŽŠŠ ••™ˆ£Ž•‰˜ ‰–ŒŽ•Ž•••… †Š™ˆ„‰•. ž•‡ˆ• ‚ƒˆ—ŽŠŠ ¶†¢ŽŒ ••–•„•”š
•Œ…Ž•Ž‡Œ••‚•Ž„‚Œ•.
‘‡‰Š…Š€‡‹…Œ•ŠŽŒ• Ÿ ›Š• €Œ•Ž…–– ‘•ŒŒ…‘ŠˆŒ•—‘ˆ ˆ ‡‰œ•™…‡ˆ• –‡•Šš” €Œˆ ‚…€‰Œ‰†…ŠŒˆ•‰Žˆˆ „–œ•—ˆ˜, •ƒ•…‚ˆ‡••’ˆ” ›œ…†…‡Šš ˆœˆ –ƒ•Œ••‡š… …‚ˆ‡ˆŽš — Ž…œ‹‡•… ˆ•‚…œˆ… – €•–œ…‚„•’…˜ —••†•™‡•–Š‹• ˆ•†…‡…‡ˆ• €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒ•— ˆ•‚…œˆ•.
«™˜ ƒŽ•™‰–•—‰‰ ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚ˆ„ ¢Ž‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ ‰ ƒŽ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰, • ”•‡£Ž ¢™˜ „ˆ–Œˆ£•ˆŠ”‰ Šˆ–¢••‰˜ †•‰„ŽƒŠ•™š•ˆ•ˆ •™•ˆƒ‰”Œ•, ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜¸µŽ•ˆ †‚ƒˆŠ”‰”š ƒ•–ƒ•¶ˆ”‡† ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ ™¸¶ˆ• Š™ˆ£•ˆŠ”‰ ‚ƒ‰ ‚ˆŒˆµ‰ ŒŽ”ˆ¢ˆ„ ‚ˆŠ™Ž¢ˆ„•”Ž™š•ˆ•ˆ †”ˆ’•Ž•‰˜ ²†•‡—‰ˆ••™š••… …•ƒ•‡”Žƒ‰Š”‰‡ ”ƒŽ¶†ŽŒˆ•ˆ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜, •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œˆ Šˆ–¢••‰Ž Š”ƒ†‡”†ƒ• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„.
€•Œ •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œˆ †‡•–•”š, ‡•‡‰Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„ •‰£•Ž•ˆ †ƒˆ„•˜ Œˆ•†” ˆ‡•–•„•”š „™‰˜•‰Ž •• ˆ¶¹Ž‡” ¶ˆ™ŽŽ „•Šˆ‡ˆ•ˆ †ƒˆ„•˜, • ‡•‡‰Ž - •Ž”. ¦•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•, ˆ‡•–•„•¸µ‰Ž ”•‡ˆŽ „™‰˜•‰Ž (”ƒ••Š™‰ƒ†ŽŒ•Ž “Š„Žƒ…† „•‰–›)
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¶†¢ŽŒ ••–•„•”š public …Ž•Ž‡Œ••Ž‡‚. •ŠŽ ˆŠ”•™š••Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• ° private
…Ž•Ž‡Œ••Ž‡‚.
¨”•‡, public ‰Š…Š€‡‹…’ Ÿ ›Š• €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒš ›œ…†…‡Š•— ‡ˆ™‡ˆ” „Œ•—‡…˜, ‡‰ ‘•Š•Œš… •‘‰•š—‰•Š —œˆ•‡ˆ… €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒš •ƒ•…‘Š‰ —…Œ”‡…“• „Œ•—‡•.
Private ‰Š…Š€‡‹…’ Ÿ ›Š• ˆ‡‚ˆ—ˆ‚„‰œ‹‡š… €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒš ›œ…†…‡Š‰, ‡‰ ‘•Š•Œš… •ƒ•…‘Š —…Œ”‡…“• „Œ•—‡• —œˆ•‡ˆ• ‡… •‘‰•š—‰…Š.
¦ƒ‰ ¢Ž‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž ‰ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž †Š™ˆ„‰˜, ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜¸µ‰Ž Šˆ¶ƒ•”š ³™ŽŒŽ•”• „ Ž¢‰•ˆŽ ‰–¢Ž™‰Ž, Š•‰Œ•¸”Š˜. • ³”ˆŒ ‚ƒˆ—ŽŠŠŽ „ŠŽ public ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• •Ž ˆ‡•–•„•¸” „™‰˜•‰˜ •• ‰–¢Ž™‰Ž. ¦ƒ‰ ƒŽ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ ³”‰ †Š™ˆ„‰˜ „•ˆ„š †Š”•••„™‰„•¸”Š˜, ˆ¢••‡ˆ •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œˆ –•²‰‡Š‰ƒˆ„•”š ‰–ŒŽ•Ž•‰Ž public ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ Š —Ž™š¸ ‰Š‡™¸’‰”š „™‰˜•‰Ž •• •‰… ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ „Žƒ…•‰… †ƒˆ„•Ž•. (º”‰ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• •Ž‚ˆŠƒŽ¢Š”„Ž••ˆ ‰–ŒŽ•‰™ ‡ˆ•Š”ƒ†‡”ˆƒ, • Ž•ˆ Š™ˆ„ˆ ° –•‡ˆ•!) ž•‡‰Œ ˆ¶ƒ•–ˆŒ, public ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• ¢Ž™˜”Š˜, „ Š„ˆ¸ ˆ’ŽƒŽ¢š, •• ”Ž, ‡ˆ”ˆƒ•Ž Œˆ•†” ‰Š‚•”•„•”š „™‰˜•‰Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”• „Žƒ…•Ž•ˆ †ƒˆ„•˜ (unlocked …Ž•Ž‡Œ••†), ‰ ”Ž, –••’Ž•‰˜ ‡ˆ”ˆƒ•… ‰–ŒŽ•‰™ ‡ˆ•Š”ƒ†‡”ˆƒ, Š‡ˆƒƒŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„•„ •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž ‰ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Ž †Š™ˆ„‰˜ (locked …Ž•Ž‡Œ••†).
¨”•‡, locked ‰Š…Š€‡‹…’ Ÿ ›Š• public €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒš, •‡‰•…‡ˆ… ‘•Š•Œš” –‘•ŒŒ…‘ŠˆŒ•—‰‡• ‘•‡–ŠŒ„‘Š•Œ•† – Ž…œ‹• •‰‚‰‡ˆ• ‡•—š” “…•†…ŠŒˆ•…–‘ˆ” ˆ ‡…“…•†…ŠŒˆ•…–‘ˆ” „–œ•—ˆ˜ €Œˆ Œ…€‰Œ‰†…ŠŒˆ•‰Žˆˆ.
Unlocked ‰Š…Š€‡‹…’ Ÿ ›Š• €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒš, ‘•Š•Œš… ‡… ƒšœˆ •‰ŠŒ•‡„Šš
— €Œ•Ž…––‰” ‚…€‰Œ‰†…ŠŒˆ•‰Žˆˆ ˆ Œ…€‰Œ‰†…ŠŒˆ•‰Žˆˆ ˆ ‡‰ ‘•Š•Œš… •‘‰•š—‰•Š —œˆ•‡ˆ… €‰Œ‰†…ŠŒš •ƒ•…‘Š‰ —…Œ”‡…“• „Œ•—‡•.
‘”•”†Š public ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ• (locked ° unlocked) Œˆ£Ž” ¶•”š ‰–ŒŽ•Ž• ‡ˆ•Š”ƒ†‡”ˆƒˆŒ „ ™¸¶ˆ• ŒˆŒŽ•” Š —Ž™š¸ „ˆŠŠ”••ˆ„‰”š „™‰˜•‰Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”• „Žƒ…•Ž•ˆ †ƒˆ„•˜.
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‰Š. 1 ¨Žƒ•ƒ…‰˜ ”‰‚ˆ„ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„
‘…ŽŒ•”‰’ŽŠ‡ˆŽ ‰–ˆ¶ƒ•£Ž•‰Ž Š”ƒ†‡”†ƒ• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ‚ƒŽ¢Š”•„™Ž•ˆ •• ƒ‰Š. 1.
¦ˆ¢ˆ¶••• ‚ˆ¢…ˆ¢ ¢Ž™•Ž” „ˆ–Œˆ£••Œ Šˆ–¢••‰Ž †•‰„ŽƒŠ•™š•ˆ•ˆ •™•ˆƒ‰”Œ• ‚ˆŠ”ƒˆŽ•‰˜ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜.
¦ƒ‰ ¢ˆŠ”‰£Ž•‰‰ ”ƒŽ¶†ŽŒˆ• ”ˆ’•ˆŠ”‰ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ •™•ˆƒ‰”Œ „•–•„•Ž” ˆ¢•† ‰– ²†•‡—‰•, ••‚‰Š••••… ‚ˆ ˆ‚ƒŽ¢Ž™Ž•••Œ ‚ƒ•„‰™•Œ, ˆŠ†µŽŠ”„™˜¸µ‰… ‰Œˆ‡Œ••‚™Œ¤”ˆŒ ‚ˆŠ”ƒˆŽ•‰Ž ”ŽƒŒ‰••™š•ˆ•ˆ ³™ŽŒŽ•”• „ ˆ¢•ˆ• ‰– ‘œ¦ . žŽƒŒ‰••™š••Œ‰ ³™ŽŒŽ•”•Œ‰ Œˆ•†” ¶•”š ³™ŽŒŽ•”• ‡ƒŽ‚Ž£• (¶ˆ™”•, •••‡‰ ‰ ‚ƒ.), Š”ƒˆ‰”Ž™š••Ž ³™ŽŒŽ•”• (‡‰ƒ‚‰’‰, ¶ƒŽ„•• ‰ ‚ƒ.), ™‰Š”ˆ„•Ž Œ•”Žƒ‰•™• (™‰Š”• £ŽŠ”‰, «‘¦ ‰ ‚ƒ.). ž•‡†¸ ²†•‡—‰¸ ¶†¢ŽŒ ••–•„•”š ‘Šƒ”„‚Œ• •ŒŽ—‚•Ž„‚‚.
¬ˆ™‰’ŽŠ”„ˆ ‰ ••–••’Ž•‰Ž ²†•‡—‰• ƒŽ•™‰–•—‰‰ –•„‰Š‰” ˆ” ˆ¶™•Š”‰ Œ•·‰•ˆŠ”ƒˆŽ•‰˜, Š†¢ˆŠ”ƒˆŽ•‰˜, Š”ƒˆ‰”Ž™šŠ”„• ‰ ‚ƒ., „ ‡ˆ”ˆƒ•… ˆŠ†µŽŠ”„™˜Ž”Š˜ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰Ž. œ™•ˆƒ‰”Œ £Ž ˜„™˜Ž”Š˜ Šƒ‚‹Œ•¤Ž—›ƒ†‡
‰•Š”ƒ†ŒŽ•”ˆŒ ‰ •Ž –•„‰Š‰” ˆ” ˆ¶™•Š”‰ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜ ‰ ••–••’Ž•‰˜ ²†•‡—‰• ƒŽ•™‰–•—‰‰.
€• ƒ‰Š. 2 ‚ƒ‰„Ž¢Ž•• ¶™ˆ‡-Š…ŽŒ• ˆ‚‰Š•••ˆ•ˆ •™•ˆƒ‰”Œ•. ¬•‡ „‰¢•ˆ ‰– ƒ‰Š†•‡•, ƒŽ‡†ƒŠ‰„••• „•–ˆ„ •™•ˆƒ‰”Œ• –•„Žƒ·•Ž”Š˜ ‡•£¢•• ƒ•– ‚ƒ‰ ˆ¶••ƒ†£Ž•‰‰ ”ŽƒŒ‰••™š•ˆ•ˆ ³™ŽŒŽ•”•. ¦ƒ‰ ³”ˆŒ ‰¢Ž” ‚ˆŠ”ˆ˜••ˆŽ †”ˆ’•Ž•‰Ž …•ƒ•‡”Žƒ‰Š”‰‡ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”• –• Š’Ž” †„Ž™‰’Ž•‰˜ ’‰Š™• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ŠˆŠ”•„™˜¸µ‰… Ž•ˆ ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„.
ž•‡£Ž ˆ¤ˆ’Œƒƒˆ¤•›§ ˜Žƒƒˆ‰ˆ Ž—‰ˆ•‚•‡Ž ¢‹—¢Œ•¤¢ •ˆ, ™•ˆ Ž—‰ˆ•‚•‡
‡ˆ©Œ• ’†•› •Ž…Š¡Œƒ ˜—¢ —§’ˆ‰ˆ Š•—Ž ¤”ˆ—› Š‰ˆ˜ƒˆ ¤—ˆ©ƒˆ‰ˆ ˆ’“Œ”•Ž.
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€•‚ ®•ˆ‡ ®—Œ‡Œƒ•, ¤ •ˆ™”‚ ••Œƒ‚¢ Œ‰ˆ ‘Šƒ”„‚ˆƒŽ—›ƒˆ• •ŒŽ—‚•Ž„‚‚,
ˆ¤•ŽŒ•¤¢ …ˆ˜ˆ’Œƒ „Œ—ˆ‡Š ˆ’“Œ”•Š. ¼Ž™š••• ˆ¶¹Ž‡” ‚ƒŽ¢Š”•„™˜Ž” Šˆ¶ˆ• ²†•‡—‰ˆ••™š••• ²ƒ•‡”•™, ’”ˆ, „ Š„ˆ¸ ˆ’ŽƒŽ¢š, –• Š’Ž” Š„ˆ•Š”„ ²ƒ•‡”•™š••… ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ †ŒŽ•š·•Ž” ƒ•–•ˆ•ˆ ƒˆ¢• –•”ƒ•”•, Š„˜–••••Ž Š Ž•ˆ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰ŽŒ.
«ƒ†•ˆ• ˆ¤ˆ’Œƒƒˆ¤•›§ Ž—‰ˆ•‚•‡Ž ¢‹—¢Œ•¤¢ ‹ˆ•‡ˆ©ƒˆ¤•› ®—Œ‡Œƒ•ˆ‹
ƒ‚©ƒ‚¯ Š•ˆ‹ƒŒ• ‹—‚¢•› ƒŽ …Ž•Ž‡Œ••† ®—Œ‡Œƒ•ˆ‹ ‹Œ•¯ƒ‚¯ Š•ˆ‹ƒŒ•: €ˆ ‡Œ•Œ …•ˆŒ”•‚•ˆ‹Žƒ‚¢ ˆ’“Œ”•Ž ‚˜Œ• …ˆ¤•ˆ¢ƒƒˆŒ Š•ˆ™ƒŒƒ‚Œ Œ‰ˆ ‘Šƒ”„‚ˆƒŽ—›ƒ†¯ ¯Ž•Ž”•Œ•‚¤•‚”.
€ • ’ •™ ˆ
¦ˆ ™† ’ Ž •‰Ž – ••’Ž•‰• ‚• ƒ •ŒŽ” ƒ ˆ„ ³™ŽŒŽ•”•
¦ˆ ™†’Ž•‰Ž „Ž™‰’‰•, ‡ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž‡”‰ƒ †¸µ ‰…
ˆ ¶™•Š”š Š†µŽŠ”„ˆ„••‰˜ ‚• ƒ •ŒŽ” ƒ ˆ„
¬ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž‡”‰ƒ ˆ„‡• ˆ ¶™•Š”‰ Š†µŽŠ”„ˆ „••‰˜ ‰
– ••’Ž•‰• ‚• ƒ •ŒŽ” ƒ ˆ„
¦ˆ™†’Ž•‰Ž ‰•²ˆ ƒ Œ•—‰‰ ˆ ŠˆŠ”•„Ž ³™ŽŒŽ•”•
Ÿ¶¹Ž‡” |
•Ž” |
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¢•
••– •„•ŽŒ ²†•‡—‰¸ 
¬ˆ •Ž—
ƒ Ž•™‰– • —‰‰
¼‰‡™ ‚ˆ ³™ŽŒŽ•”•Œ „
ŠˆŠ”•„Ž
—‰‡™
– •„Ž ƒ ·Ž•
«™˜ ‡• £¢ˆ•ˆ ³™ŽŒŽ•”• ŠˆŠ”•„• „•’‰Š™˜ŽŒ
– ••’Ž•‰˜ Ž•ˆ public unlocked‚• ƒ •ŒŽ” ƒ ˆ„
´•‚ƒ •·‰„•ŽŒ † ‚ˆ™š – ˆ„•”Ž™˜ ‰™‰ ¶Ž ƒ ŽŒ
†Œˆ™’••‰˜ – ••’Ž•‰• private ‚• ƒ •ŒŽ” ƒ ˆ„
Ÿ‚ƒ Ž¢Ž™˜ŽŒ „Ž™‰’‰••, ‡ˆ ƒ ƒ Ž‡”‰ƒ †¸µ ‰Ž
ˆ ¶™•Š”š Š†µŽŠ”„ˆ „••‰˜
‚•ƒ •ŒŽ” ƒ ˆ„ ³™ŽŒŽ•”•
Ž‡† ƒ Š‰„•ˆ „•– •„•ŽŒ •™•ˆ ƒ ‰”Œ Š
„•’‰Š™Ž•••Œ‰
– ••’Ž•‰˜Œ‰ ‚• ƒ •ŒŽ” ƒ ˆ„
‰Š. 2 ¤™ˆ‡-Š…ŽŒ• †•‰„ŽƒŠ•™š•ˆ•ˆ •™•ˆƒ‰”Œ•
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– ••Œ•›Œ• ‰—Ž‹Œ „ ‡•’ŽŠ”„Ž ‚ƒ‰ŒŽƒ• ‰Š‚ˆ™š–ˆ„••‰˜ ƒ•–ƒ•¶ˆ”••••… ‚ˆ¢…ˆ¢ˆ„ ˆ‚‰Š••ˆ ‰… ‚ƒ‰ŒŽ•Ž•‰Ž „ ‰–¢Ž™‰˜… ˆ¢•ˆ• ‰– ••‰¶ˆ™ŽŽ ¶•Š”ƒˆ ƒ•–„‰„•¸µ‰…Š˜ ˆ”ƒ•Š™Ž• ‚ƒˆŒ•·™Ž••ˆŠ”‰, •Ž‚ˆŠƒŽ¢Š”„Ž••ˆ –•”ƒ••‰„•¸µŽ• ‚ƒ•‡”‰’ŽŠ‡‰ ‡•£¢ˆ•ˆ ° ŒŽ¶Ž™š•ˆ• ˆ”ƒ•Š™‰.
¬•‡ ¶•™ˆ ˆ”ŒŽ’Ž•ˆ ƒ••ŽŽ, Š†µŽŠ”„Ž•••Œ •Ž¢ˆŠ”•”‡ˆŒ ‰ŒŽ¸µ‰…Š˜ ‘œ¦ ˜„™˜Ž”Š˜ ™‰¶ˆ ‚ˆ™•ˆŽ ˆ”Š†”Š”„‰Ž ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰, ™‰¶ˆ Š™ˆ£•ˆŠ”š Šˆ–¢••‰˜ ‰ ƒ•¶ˆ”• Š ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Œ‰ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”•Œ‰.
´•¢•’• Œ•ˆ•ˆ†ƒˆ„•Ž„ˆ• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ ‰ ƒŽ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ Œˆ£Ž” ¶•”š ƒ•–¢Ž™Ž•• •• Š™Ž¢†¸µ‰Ž ŠˆŠ”•„™˜¸µ‰Ž:
ƒ•¶ˆ”• Š •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰Œ‰ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•Œ‰;
ƒ•¶ˆ”• Š ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•Œ‰ ²ˆƒŒ• ‰ „Ž™‰’‰••;
ƒ•¶ˆ”• Š ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ•Œ‰ ‚ˆ™ˆ£Ž•‰˜;
••™ˆ£Ž•‰Ž ‰ Š•˜”‰Ž •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ‰ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… †Š™ˆ„‰•.
¦ˆŠ‡ˆ™š‡† ‰•²ˆƒŒ•—‰˜ ˆ „–•‰Œˆ‚ˆ¢’‰•Ž•‰‰ ³™ŽŒŽ•”ˆ„ ‰ Š¶ˆƒˆ’••… †–™ˆ„, •Ž ˜„™˜Ž”Š˜ ‰•¢‰„‰¢†•™š•ˆ• ¢™˜ ‡•£¢ˆ•ˆ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”•, ˆ•• ¢ˆ™£•• …ƒ••‰”šŠ˜ ˆ”¢Ž™š•ˆ, „ Š‚Ž—‰•™š•ˆ ƒ•–ƒ•¶ˆ”•••ˆ• ¶•–Ž ¢••••….
Ÿ¢•‰ ‰ ”Ž £Ž ³™ŽŒŽ•”• ¶ˆ™ŽŽ •‰–‡‰… †ƒˆ„•Ž• Œˆ•†” ‰Š‚ˆ™š–ˆ„•”šŠ˜ ƒ•–••Œ‰ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”•Œ‰ ¶ˆ™ŽŽ „•Šˆ‡‰… †ƒˆ„•Ž•. ž•‡ ¢ˆŠ”‰••Ž”Š˜ ³‡ˆ•ˆŒ‰˜ ƒŽŠ†ƒŠˆ„ º•- ¢™˜ …ƒ••Ž•‰˜ ‰•²ˆƒŒ•—‰‰ ˆ¶ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”•….
ž•‡‰Œ ˆ¶ƒ•–ˆŒ, …ˆ”˜ ‡•£¢•• ‰– ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ ‰ŒŽŽ” ¢ƒŽ„ˆ„‰¢•†¸ Š”ƒ†‡”†ƒ†, „Š˜ Šˆ„ˆ‡†‚•ˆŠ”š ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ ‚ƒŽ¢Š”•„™˜Ž” Šˆ¶ˆ•
•ƒ•², ‰– ‡ˆ”ˆƒˆ•ˆ „•’™Ž•‰”š ˆ”¢Ž™š•ˆŽ ¢ŽƒŽ„ˆ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ (ŠŒ. ƒ‰Š. 3) Œˆ£•ˆ ”ˆ™š‡ˆ ˆ¢•ˆ–••’•ˆ –•¢•„ Ž•ˆ ‡ˆƒŽ•š.
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‰Š. 3. ®‚ƒˆµŽ•••˜ Š…ŽŒ• ¢ŽƒŽ„• ŠˆŠ”•„• ‰–¢Ž™‰˜
– ™Œ•‹Œ••ˆ• ‰—Ž‹Œ ƒŽ’š ‰¢Ž” ˆ ƒŽ•™‰–•—‰‰ ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚ˆ„ Œ•ˆ•ˆ†ƒˆ„•Ž„ˆ• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ ‰ ƒŽ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ „ ƒ•Œ‡•… ˆ¢•ˆ• ‰– Š†µŽŠ”„†¸µ‰… ‘œ¦ , ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜¸µ‰… ˆŠ†µŽŠ”„‰”š ˆ‚‰Š••••• ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚.
Ÿ’Ž„‰¢•ˆ, ’”ˆ Š‚ˆŠˆ¶ˆ„ ”•‡ˆ• ƒŽ•™‰–•—‰‰ Œˆ£Ž” ¶•”š •ŽŠ‡ˆ™š‡ˆ. ¬•£¢•• ‰– Š‚ˆŠˆ¶ˆ„ ‰ŒŽŽ” Š„ˆ‰ ¢ˆŠ”ˆ‰•Š”„• ‰ •Ž¢ˆŠ”•”‡‰. ••¶ˆƒ Š¢Ž™•• „ ‚ˆ™š–† ”•¶™‰’•ˆ•ˆ Š‚ˆŠˆ¶• ƒŽ•™‰–•—‰‰.
-Ž…••‰–Œ Œ•ˆ•ˆ†ƒˆ„•Ž„ˆ• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ ‰ ƒŽ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ •• ¢••••• ŒˆŒŽ•” ƒŽ•™‰–ˆ„•• „ ˆ¢•ˆ• ‰– ‘œ¦ , ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜¸µ‰… ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„•”š ŒŽ¶Ž™š••Ž ‰–¢Ž™‰˜ ° “¬3--Ž¶Ž™š ¦¬-›. • ƒ•Œ‡•… ¢•••ˆ• ‘œ¦ ˆ‚‰Š•„•ŽŒ•• ŒŽ…••‰–Œ ‰ŒŽŽ” ••–„••‰Ž “¤‰¶™‰ˆ”Ž‡• ·•¶™ˆ•ˆ„ ”‰‚ˆ„•… ŠˆŠ”•„ˆ„›.
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-Ž…••‰–Œ ·•¶™ˆ•• ”‰‚ˆ„•… ŠˆŠ”•„ˆ„ ° ‰•Š”ƒ†ŒŽ•”, ‚ƒŽ¢••–••’Ž•••• ¢™˜ Šˆ–¢••‰˜ Š™ˆ£••… Œ•ˆ•ˆ†ƒˆ„•Ž„•… ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„, ‰ŒŽ¸µ‰… ¢ƒŽ„ˆ„‰¢•†¸ Š”ƒ†‡”†ƒ†. ¦ƒ‰ ‚ˆŒˆµ‰ ¢•••ˆ•ˆ ‰•Š”ƒ†ŒŽ•”• Œˆ£•ˆ Šˆ–¢•„•”š ·•¶™ˆ• Œ•ˆ•ˆ†ƒˆ„•Ž„ˆ•ˆ ¢ƒŽ„ˆ„‰¢•ˆ•ˆ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”•, ž•‡£Ž ‰•Š”ƒ†ŒŽ•” ‚ˆ–„ˆ™˜Ž” •• ˆŠ•ˆ„••‰‰ ‚ˆ™†’Ž••ˆ•ˆ ·•¶™ˆ•• Šˆ–¢•„•”š ‡ˆ•‡ƒŽ”••Ž ³‡–ŽŒ‚™˜ƒ• ‰–¢Ž™‰•, ƒŽ¢•‡”‰ƒˆ„•”š ‡•‡ „ŽŠš ³‡–ŽŒ‚™˜ƒ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”•, ”•‡ ‰ ™¸¶ˆŽ ‚ˆ¢¢ŽƒŽ„ˆ ³‡–ŽŒ‚™˜ƒ• ˆ¶¹Ž‡”• Š Šˆ…ƒ••Ž•‰ŽŒ ‰–ŒŽ•Ž•••… ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„. (¢Ž‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰˜ ‰ ƒŽ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰˜).
– •Ž”—§™Œƒ‚‚ ‚ƒ‰„Ž¢Ž•• ˆŠ•ˆ„••Ž „•„ˆ¢• ‚ˆ ƒŽ–†™š”•”•Œ ¢‰ŠŠŽƒ”•—‰ˆ••ˆ•ˆ ‰ŠŠ™Ž¢ˆ„••‰˜.
¦ƒ‰™ˆ£Ž•‰Ž 1 Šˆ¢Žƒ£‰” œ‡”• „•Ž¢ƒŽ•‰˜ ƒŽ–†™š”•”ˆ„ ƒ•¶ˆ”•. ¦ƒ‰™ˆ£Ž•‰Ž 2 Šˆ¢Žƒ£‰” ”Ž‡Š”• ²†•‡—‰• ƒŽ•™‰–•—‰‰ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ „
Š‰Š”ŽŒŽ “¬3--Ž¶Ž™š ¦¬-›.
¦ƒ‰™ˆ£Ž•‰Ž 3 Šˆ¢Žƒ£‰” ¢‰‚™ˆŒ• „•Š”•„ˆ‡, •¢Ž ¢ŽŒˆ•Š”ƒ‰ƒˆ„•™ˆŠš ‚ƒˆ•ƒ•ŒŒ•ˆŽ ˆ¶ŽŠ‚Ž’Ž•‰Ž, ‰Š‚ˆ™š–†¸µŽŽ ƒ•–ƒ•¶ˆ”••••Ž ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚•.
¦ƒ‰™ˆ£Ž•‰Ž 4 Šˆ¢Žƒ£‰” ‚ƒ‰ŒŽƒ• ‚ƒˆŽ‡”ˆ„ Š”ƒˆ‰”Ž™š••… ‡ˆ•Š”ƒ†‡—‰•, Šˆ–¢••••… ‚ƒ‰ ‚ˆŒˆµ‰ ‚ƒˆ•ƒ•ŒŒ•ˆ•ˆ ˆ¶ŽŠ‚Ž’Ž•‰˜, ‰Š‚ˆ™š–†¸µŽ•ˆ ˆ‚‰Š••••Ž ‚ˆ¢…ˆ¢•.
€‹ŽŒ•Ž•‰ •••Œ••
1.œ••™‰– ŒŽ”ˆ¢ˆ„ •„”ˆŒ•”‰–‰ƒˆ„•••ˆ•ˆ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜ „•˜„‰™ ••™‰’‰Ž •Ž¢ˆŠ”•”‡ˆ„, Š„˜–••••… ™‰¶ˆ Š ”ƒ†¢ˆŽŒ‡ˆŠ”š¸ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜, ™‰¶ˆ Š ••™‰’‰ŽŒ £ŽŠ”‡‰… ƒ•Œˆ‡ ‚ƒ‰ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰‰. º”ˆ, „ ‚Žƒ„†¸ ˆ’ŽƒŽ¢š, Š„˜–••ˆ Š ˆ”Š†”Š”„‰ŽŒ †•‰„ŽƒŠ•™š•ˆ•ˆ ŒŽ…••‰–Œ• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡ˆ•ˆ ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜. €• ˆŠ•ˆ„Ž •••™‰–• Š¢Ž™•• „•„ˆ¢ ˆ •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰ŒˆŠ”‰ ƒ•–ƒ•¶ˆ”‡‰ ”•‡ˆ•ˆ ŒŽ…••‰–Œ•.
2.¨ŠŠ™Ž¢ˆ„••‰Ž Š™ˆ£••… Œ•ˆ•ˆ†ƒˆ„•Ž„•… Œˆ¢Ž™Ž• ‰–¢Ž™‰• „•˜„‰™ˆ ²ƒ•‡”•™š••Ž –•‡ˆ•ˆŒŽƒ•ˆŠ”‰ „ ‰… Š”ƒ†‡”†ƒŽ, „•ƒ•£•¸µ‰ŽŠ˜ „ ‚ƒ‰•—‰‚‰•™š•ˆŒ ‚ˆ¢ˆ¶‰‰ Š„ˆ•Š”„ •• „ŠŽ… †ƒˆ„•˜…. «™˜ ‚ˆ„•·Ž•‰˜ ‡•’ŽŠ”„• ‚ƒˆŽ‡”‰ƒˆ„••‰˜ ‚ˆ¢ˆ¶••… ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„ •Žˆ¶…ˆ¢‰Œ• ƒ•–ƒ•¶ˆ”‡• ŒŽ…••‰–Œ• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰, ˆŠ•ˆ„•••ˆ•ˆ •• ‚ƒŽ¢Š”•„™Ž•‰‰ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”• „ „‰¢Ž Œ•ˆ•ˆ†ƒˆ„•Ž„ˆ• ‰Žƒ•ƒ…‰’ŽŠ‡ˆ• Œˆ¢Ž™‰.
3.€• ˆŠ•ˆ„Ž ‰–„ŽŠ”•ˆ• ”Žˆƒ‰‰ •ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡ˆ• ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ „•˜„™Ž•• Š…ˆ£‰Ž –•‡ˆ•ˆŒŽƒ•ˆŠ”‰ ¢™˜ •Ž•ŽˆŒŽ”ƒ‰’ŽŠ‡‰… ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒˆ„ ‰ ƒ•–ƒ•¶ˆ”•• ˆ¶µ‰• ‚ˆ¢…ˆ¢ ‡ ‚•ƒ•ŒŽ”ƒ‰–•—‰‰ ˆ¶¹Ž‡”ˆ„.