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#$-B>а*-&,!00$8 ,2а-&( *а30/+ B*$,0!8. И.!00$ 1$C&$.B $-0$,0$8 3а>а"!8 , 7$.12!7-! (0-&(&B- Y($0а2)0/+ *!D$*. -&а0$,(2$-) -$3>а0(! ,2а-&0$8 ,!*&(7а2(. В.В. ПB&(0 1*(0?2-? ,$3,$>(&) !! -*а3B J! 1$-2! (3@*а0(? 1*!3(>!0&$.. П*!>1*(0?&/! (. .!*/ 1$ 0!$&2$J0$.B B7*!12!0(5 #$-B- >а*-&,!00$-&( -&а2(, &а7(. $@*а3$., 0! 1*$-&$ >!8-&,(?.( "*!3,/"а80$#$ +а*а7&!*а, 0$ ( -$-&а,- 0/.( C2!.!0&а.( #2а,0$8 (3 (0-&(&BY($0а2)0/+ *!D$*.. Т!+0$2$#(? -$3>а0(? &а7$8 ,!*&(7а2( -,$>(2а-) 7 C2!.!0&а*0$.B а77B.B2(*$,а0(5 ,2а-&0$#$ *!-B*-а 1B&!. !#$ 1!*!,$>а (3 ,-!+ &!+ 2$- 7B-$,, #>! $0 @!--(-&!.0$ -7$0Y!0&*(*$,а2-? 3а 1990-! ##., , (!*а*+(5 #$-B>а*-&,!00/+ -&*B7&B*.

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С72а>/,а,Hа?-? 1$2(&("!-7а? -(-&!.а ,-! @$2)H! 1$+$>(2а 0а .$>!*0(3(*$,а00B5 ( 2(H!0- 0B5 -,$(+ 0а(@$2!! $>($30/+ "!*& -(-&!.B 1990-+ ##. О>0а7$ 1!*,$.B 1*!3(>!0&B Р$--(( @2а#$>а- *? 1$2(&&!+0$2$#("!-7(. 1*(!.а. , 1*$-&*а0-&,! 1B@2("0$8 1$2(&(7( B>а,а2$-) ,12$&) >$ -,$!8 $&-&а,7( -$+*а0?&) -$@-&,!00/8 ,2а-&0/8 .$0$1$2(3., 1$ 7*а80!8 .!*! , -&а&B-! ,!*+$,0$#$ а*- @(&*а. О@*а3 *а00!#$ В.В. ПB&(0а &а7J! -$3>а,а2-? , *а-"!&! 0а &$& &(1 ,!*&(7а2)0$8 7$..B0(7а- Y((, 7$&$*/8 -2$J(2-? 0а 1*$&?J!0(( 1990-+ ##. Н$ , B-2$,(?+ &!+0$7*а&(3аY(( ( 1*$D!--($0а- 2(3аY(( 1$2(&("!-7$#$ 1*$Y!--а &*!@$,а2-? 7а"!-&,!00$ (0$8 $@*а3 1!*,$#$ 2(Yа ( !#$ 7$.а0>/. О@*а3, $-0$,а00/8 0! 0а (.(&аY($00$., а 0а 1$>2(00$. -&*а&!#("!-7$. ,(>!0(( @B>BA!#$, 0а 1$3(&(,0$. 1*$!7&! &а7$#$ @B>BA!#$.

О>0а7$ C&$.B 1*$&(,$>!8-&,$,а2 7$0&*1*$!7& ,-! !A! ,2(?&!2)0$#$ , -(2B 7$0&*$2(*$,а0(? 725"!,/+ #$-B>а*-&,!00/+ 1$-&$, 72а0а Б.Н. Е2)Y(0а, ,1$20! B>$,2!&,$*!00$#$ -а0аY(!8 1999– 2000 ##. ( 3а(0&!*!-$,а00$#$ , &$., "&$@/ -,!-&( 3а?,2!00/! 1*!3(>!0&$. (0-&(&BY($0а2)0/! *!- D$*./ 7 1*(.(&(,0$8 -&а@(2(3аY(( 7а7 $1&(.а2)0$.B *!J(.B >а2)0!8H!#$ -BA!-&,$,а0(? 3а -"!& &$*#$,2( B#2!,$>$*$>0/.( *!-B*-а.(. У-(2!0(! 1*!3(>!0&-7$8 7$.а0>/ 1*$(-+$>(2$ 7*а80!

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