книги2 / монография 108
.pdfɉɪɨɤɨɩɟɧɤɨ ɇ. ɇ., Ⱦɜɨɪɧɢɤɨɜ Ɉ. ȼ., ɑɭɦɚɤɨɜ ȼ. ȿ., Ȼɭɝɚɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ. ȼ.
ɋɏȿɆɈɌȿɏɇɂɄȺ
ȻɕɋɌɊɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅȿɃ
Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
2023
ɍȾɄ 621, 621.375(07) ȻȻɄ 32, 32.844.1ɹ73 ɋ 172
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ:
ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɈɈɈ "ɂɧɧɨɰɟɧɬɪ ȼȺɈ", ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ⱥ. ɋ. Ȼɭɞɹɤɨɜ;
ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ» ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɝ. Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ
ɘ.ɂ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ
ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪ. / ɇ. ɇ. ɉɪɨɤɨɩɟɧɤɨ, Ɉ. ȼ. Ⱦɜɨɪɧɢɤɨɜ, ȼ. ȿ. ɑɭɦɚɤɨɜ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ȼɭɝɚɤɨɜɚ. — Ɇ.: ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2023. — 248 ɫ.
ISBN 978-5-91359-578-2
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ (Ɉɍ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɜɚɡɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ GaAs ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ Ɉɍ ɫ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ Ɉɍ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɵɯ Ɉɍ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɟ
MH2XA031.
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ, ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɨɜ, ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɍȾɄ 621, 621.375(07) ȻȻɄ 32, 32.844.1ɹ73
ɇɚɭɱɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɊɇɎ ʋ 22-29-00637 «Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ Ⱥɐɉ», ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜȾɨɧɫɤɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟɜ2022-2023 ɝ.
ɉɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ:
ɈɈɈ «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ»
Ɍɟɥ: (495) 617-39-64, (495) 617-39-65 E-mail: kniga@solon-press.ru, www.solon-press.ru
ISBN 978-5-91359-578-2 |
© ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2023 |
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© ɉɪɨɤɨɩɟɧɤɨ ɇ. ɇ., Ⱦɜɨɪɧɢɤɨɜ Ɉ. ȼ., |
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ɑɭɦɚɤɨɜ ȼ. ȿ., Ȼɭɝɚɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ. ȼ., 2023 |
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ |
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ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ............................................................................................................ |
7 |
ȽɅȺȼȺ 1 ȻɕɋɌɊɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅȿɃ |
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ɋ ɄȼȺɁɂɅɂɇȿɃɇɕɆɂ ɄȺɋɄȺȾȺɆɂ....................................................... |
12 |
1.1 Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ Ɉɍ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɟɣ |
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ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ........... |
12 |
1.2 ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ Ɉɍ.................................................. |
16 |
1.2.1 Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɜɚɡɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ............................. |
16 |
1.2.2 Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ Ɉɍ ɫ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ |
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ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ .......................................................................................... |
16 |
1.2.3 ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ Ɉɍ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɣ |
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ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ |
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ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ.................................................................................................... |
19 |
1.2.4 ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ Ɉɍ ɫ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ |
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ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ...................... |
23 |
1.3 Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ Ɉɍ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ |
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ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ................................................................................................................. |
25 |
1.3.1 Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ |
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ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ....................... |
26 |
1.3.2 Ʉɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ |
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ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ............................................ |
29 |
ȽɅȺȼȺ 2 ȾɂɎɎȿɊȿɇɐɂɊɍɘɓɂȿ ɐȿɉɂ ɄɈɊɊȿɄɐɂɂ |
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ɉȿɊȿɏɈȾɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ ȼ ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ |
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ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅəɏ.................................................................................................... |
34 |
2.1 Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ɉɍ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ |
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ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ......................................................... |
34 |
2.2 ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɫɯɟɦ Ɉɍ............................................................................................................... |
44 |
2.2.1 ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ CBJT ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ |
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ɫ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ....................................................... |
44 |
2.2.2 Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɬɨɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚɦɢ ȼɢɥɶɫɨɧɚ...... |
47 |
2.2.3 Ⱦɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɵɣ Ɉɍ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɰɟɩɹɦɢ |
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ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ............................................................................................................ |
51 |
3 |
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Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
2.2.4 ɋBJT Ɉɍ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɬɨɤɨɜɵɦ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ...................................................... |
55 |
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2.2.5 ɇɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ BiJFET Ɉɍ............................................................ |
63 |
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2.2.6 BJT ɢ CMOS ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ................................................... |
66 |
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2.2.7 Ɇɢɤɪɨɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ CMOS Ɉɍ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ |
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«ɩɟɪɟɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ» ɤɚɫɤɨɞɚ....................................................................................... |
69 |
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2.3 |
Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ Ɉɍ ɜ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ |
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ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɯ......................................................................................................... |
70 |
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ȽɅȺȼȺ 3 ɇȿɅɂɇȿɃɇȺə ɄɈɊɊȿɄɐɂə ɉɊɈɏɈȾɇɕɏ |
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ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄ ȼɏɈȾɇɕɏ ɂ ɉɊɈɆȿɀɍɌɈɑɇɕɏ |
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ɄȺɋɄȺȾɈȼ ȼ ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅəɏ................................... |
91 |
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3.1 |
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ |
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ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ Ɉɍ ɫ BJT ɢ CMOS ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɦɢ.................................... |
91 |
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3.2 |
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɯ Ɉɍ |
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ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ «ɩɟɪɟɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ» ɤɚɫɤɨɞɚ...................................................................... |
97 |
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3.2.1 «ɉɟɪɟɝɧɭɬɵɣ» ɤɚɫɤɨɞ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ .................. |
101 |
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3.2.2 Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɣ «ɩɟɪɟɝɧɭɬɵɣ» ɤɚɫɤɨɞ........................................... |
104 |
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3.3 |
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ «ɩɟɪɟɝɧɭɬɵɟ» ɤɚɫɤɨɞɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ AB ......................... |
107 |
3.3.1 BJT-JFET ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ Ɉɍ .......... |
109 |
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3.3.2 ɉɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ⱥȼ ɧɚ CMOS ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ............. |
110 |
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3.3.3 Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ BJT-JFET |
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ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ............................................................................... |
111 |
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3.4 |
Ʉɚɫɤɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɹɳɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɢɧɮɚɡɧɨɦɭ |
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ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ .............................................................................................................. |
114 |
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3.5 |
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɜ CMOS ɢ JFet ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɯ |
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ɧɚ Split-Length ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ......................................................... |
120 |
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3.5.1 CMOS/JFet ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ............................................ |
120 |
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3.5.2 BiJFet ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ Ɉɍ.............................. |
125 |
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3.6 |
ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɫ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ |
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ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɢɧɮɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ...................................................... |
128 |
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ȽɅȺȼȺ 4 ɋȿɆȿɃɋɌȼɈ ȻɕɋɌɊɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ |
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ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅȿɃ ɋ ɆɈɋɌɈȼɕɆɂ ȼɏɈȾɇɕɆɂ |
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ɄȺɋɄȺȾȺɆɂ.................................................................................................... |
135 |
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4.1 |
ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ.................................................................................. |
137 |
4.2 |
ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ.................................................................................. |
141 |
4.3 |
Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ.................................................................................. |
144 |
4
Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
4.4 |
ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ............................................................................. |
146 |
4.5 |
ɉɹɬɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ.................................................................................... |
148 |
4.6 |
ɒɟɫɬɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ................................................................................. |
151 |
4.7 |
ɋɟɞɶɦɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ............................................................................... |
152 |
ȽɅȺȼȺ 5 ɋɏȿɆɈɌȿɏɇɂɄȺ GaAs ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ |
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ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅȿɃ.................................................................................................. |
157 |
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5.1 |
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ Ɉɍ ɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ GaAs JFet |
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c ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ n-ɬɢɩɚ ɢ GaAs p-n-p ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ........................... |
157 |
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5.1.1 Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ GaAs |
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ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.......................................................................... |
158 |
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5.1.2 Ȼɭɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ |
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ɫɜɹɡɢ................................................................................................................ |
162 |
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5.1.3 Ȼɭɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɧɟɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɧɚ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ................................................................... |
165 |
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5.1.4 Ȼɭɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɬɨɤɨɜɵɦ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ |
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ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ JFet .................................................................................................. |
169 |
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5.2 |
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ Ɉɍ ɫ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɟɣ I-ɤɥɚɫɫɚ...................... |
170 |
5.3 |
ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ AB...................................... |
173 |
5.4 |
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ GaAs Ɉɍ................................................................. |
177 |
5.4.1 Ⱦɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɵɣ GaAs Ɉɍ..................................................................... |
177 |
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5.4.2 Ɍɪɟɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɵɣ GaAs Ɉɍ ɧɚ split-length ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ...... |
179 |
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5.4.3 GaAs ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ «ɩɟɪɟɝɧɭɬɵɦ» |
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ɤɚɫɤɨɞɨɦ......................................................................................................... |
181 |
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5.4.4 GaAs ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ |
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ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɦ ............................................................................ |
182 |
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5.4.5 GaAs ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ c ɬɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɢɦɩɟɞɚɧɫɧɵɦɢ |
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ɭɡɥɚɦɢ............................................................................................................. |
183 |
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5.4.6 Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɚɪɫɟɧɢɞ-ɝɚɥɥɢɟɜɨɝɨ Ɉɍ ɫ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ |
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ɰɟɩɹɦɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ........................................................ |
185 |
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ȽɅȺȼȺ 6 ȼɕɏɈȾɇɕȿ ɄȺɋɄȺȾɕ ȻɕɋɌɊɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ |
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ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅȿɃ............................................................ |
188 |
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6.1 |
ɋɯɟɦɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɫ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ |
|
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ...................................................................................... |
188 |
|
6.2 |
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ AB ɫ ɨɛɳɟɣ |
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ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ..................................................................... |
193 |
|
5
Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
6.3 |
Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ |
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ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ...................................................... |
195 |
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ȽɅȺȼȺ 7 ȻɕɋɌɊɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂȿ ɂ ɒɂɊɈɄɈɉɈɅɈɋɇɕȿ |
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ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅɂ ɇȺ ȻȺɁɈȼɈɆ ɆȺɌɊɂɑɇɈɆ |
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ɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅȿ MH2XA031................................................................................ |
202 |
|
7.1 |
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ OAmp9, OAmp10 ........................................... |
202 |
7.2 |
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ- ɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɵɯ BJT-JFET |
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ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ (OAmp11.3, OAmp12, OAmp14)........................ |
215 |
|
7.3 |
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ OAmp15 ɢ OAmp16 ɫ ɰɟɩɹɦɢ |
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ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.............................................. |
223 |
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ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ................................................................................................. |
229 |
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ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ............................................................ |
232 |
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6
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ (Ɉɍ), ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ.
1.ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɯɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ, ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɰɟɩɟɣ, ɋȺɉɊ, ɋȼɑ-ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ (Ȼɭɝɚɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ȼ., ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɢ, 2021 ɝ.).
2.ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ
(https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/108/021.htm) .
3.ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ – ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɯɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɚɞɢɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. (Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ. - Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɋɹɡɚɧɰɟɜ ȼ. Ⱦ.. 2011)
4.ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ – ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. (Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ, https://rus-big-polyheh-dict.slovaronline.com/, https://rus-big-polyheh- dict.slovaronline.com/9090-ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ)
5.ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ. (https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/circuit_design.htm)
6.ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ – ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ (ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ) ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ).
7.ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ȿɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
7
ȽɅȺȼȺ 1 ȻɕɋɌɊɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅȿɃ
ɋɄȼȺɁɂɅɂɇȿɃɇɕɆɂ ɄȺɋɄȺȾȺɆɂ
1.1Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ Ɉɍ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ
ɢɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ (Ɉɍ) [34] (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1.1) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ (ȾɄ), ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ (ɉɄ) ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ (Ȼɍ) ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1.1. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ Ɉɍ ɫ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɦɢ
ɉɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɩɨɥɸɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ Ɉɍ (ɋɤ, Rɤ, ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1.1) ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɭ Ɉɍ (ȾɄ ɢ ɉɄ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ (Ⱦɋɤ), ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ iȾɋɤ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ uɜɯ Uɝɪ d Uɝɪ.y , ɝɞɟ Uɝɪ.ɭ – ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ȾɄ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɋɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧ-
12
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 5 ɋɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ GaAs ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ
5.2 ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ Ɉɍ ɫ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɟɣ I-ɤɥɚɫɫɚ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 5.14 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ GaAs ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ JFET ɚɪɫɟɧɢɞ-ɝɚɥɥɢɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ p-n ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ GaAs p-n-p ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ Rɧ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ iɧ(+) ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ iɧ(-) ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɪɹɞɤɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ Cɧ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ Ɉɍ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5.14. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɚɪɫɟɧɢɞ-ɝɚɥɥɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ Ɉɍ [139]
Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ p-n-p ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ VT3, ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ VT4 ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ p-n-p ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ VT2 cɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɤ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ p-n-p ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ VT1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɬɨɤɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɚ I1 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ I0=I1.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɲɢɧɵ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ p-n-p ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ VT2 ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ iɧ(+) ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ Rɧ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ Iɧ.max(+) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ p-n-p ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ VT2, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ Ⱦɚɪɥɢɧɝɬɨɧɚ (ɪɢ-
ɫɭɧɨɤ 5.15).
170
ȽɅȺȼȺ 7 ȻɕɋɌɊɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂȿ ɂ ɒɂɊɈɄɈɉɈɅɈɋɇɕȿ ɈɉȿɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɍɋɂɅɂɌȿɅɂ ɇȺ ȻȺɁɈȼɈɆ ɆȺɌɊɂɑɇɈɆ ɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅȿ MH2XA031
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ [33], ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ.
7.1Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ OAmp9, OAmp10
ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ (ȻɆɄ) Ɇɇ2ɏȺ031 ɞɜɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ Ɉɍ ɫ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ (OAmp9) ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ (SR, GBP), ɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ (OAmp10) –
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (VOFF, KV) ɢ ɲɭɦɵ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ. ȻɆɄ Ɇɇ2ɏȺ031 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɨɣɤɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ 8-ɦɢ Ɉɍ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ȻɆɄ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ: ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɲɭɦɹɳɢɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ n–p–n- ɢ p–n–p-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ; ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɲɭɦɹɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ p–n-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ p-ɬɢɩɚ; ɆɈɉ-ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ; ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ȻɆɄ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ Spice-ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ (ȼȺɏ) ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɨɣ ɞɨ 3 Ɇɪɚɞ, ɮɥɸɟɧɫɚ ɞɨ 1014 ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ/ɫɦ2.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ Ɉɍ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ (ɄȻ) ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ n–p– n-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ (DSnpn) ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ sub, ɚ p–n–p-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ (DWpnp) – ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɦ wel, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɥɹ n–p–n-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ:
.SUBCKT npn4pin b c e sub D_D1 B N01 DCnpn
202