- •Unit 1 geoecology
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •2. Read the text, fulfill the exercises.
- •7. Read the text below, use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
- •8. What are the subjects of the following sciences?
- •9. Here are some definitions. What are they? Complete the sentences.
- •10. Answer the questions.
- •11. 9 Listen to the interview with a senior research engineer called Dr. Michael Blomberg. Dr. Blomberg gives his opinions on future trends in science and technology.
- •12. Read the text, do the tasks after it. Science and values
- •13. Work in pairs. Discuss the following quotations about ecological problems.
- •14. Read the interesting facts about nature and tell one of them to your groupmates.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 the impact of mining and oil extraction on the environment
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •Read the text, fulfil the exercises.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •9. Answer the questions.
- •10. State whether the sentences are true or false. If true, add the information you know, correct the false ones.
- •11. Read the text through and find the answers to these questions. Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer the questions.
- •1. Are these statements True or False?
- •2. Classify the following items into four lists according to their role in environmental engineering. Then find a heading for each list.
- •3. Discuss the following points
- •12. 9 You will hear a lecture on impact of some trace elements of ore mineral on the environment. For questions 1-5, choose the best answer a, b, or c.
- •13. Read the text, tell about the impact of different stages of oil extraction on environment Environmental effect of Extracting Delivering, and Using Petroleum Products
- •14. Say in what content these figures are mentioned in the text.
- •15. Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •16. 9 You are going to hear a report about tanker disasters. Work in pairs. List possible causes of tanker disasters. Do you think that most accidents could be avoided or are some inevitable?
- •17. 9 You will hear various people talking about a tanker disaster. You will hear the people twice.
- •18. Imagine you are people from the list in Ex. 17. Act out interviews. Before you begin, decide what attitude you wish to convey by the tone of your voice and the way you speak.
- •19. Imagine you are fisherman or local hotel owners. Plan and write a letter demanding compensation for loss of trade caused by the oil spills.
- •20. Discuss the following facts and figures.
- •21. Discuss the following quotation from the standpoint of the ecological problems in mining and oil production
- •Deepwater Horizon oil spill
- •23. Write a paragraph on one of the topics, be ready to discuss it in group.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 the problems of power generation
- •Terms and vocabulary
- •A) Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •2. Read the text, fulfil the exercises.
- •3. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and set-expressions.
- •4. Match the synonyms.
- •5. Match the antonyms.
- •6. Fill in the correct word from the list below.
- •7. Fill in the necessary preposition.
- •8. Read the examples, join the sentences in every possible way.
- •Join the sentences using the words in brackets. Think of other ways of joining them.
- •Translate the sentences, mind Subjective Infinitive Construction.
- •11. Translate the sentences using Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •12. Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Read the text, suggest the title to it.
- •Answer the questions.
- •18. Understanding a lecture
- •19. Read the text attentively, do the task after it. Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
- •20. Working in pairs, discuss one of the energy source, its advantages and disadvantages, its perspectives:
- •21. Read the article and answer the questions below: The Truth about Chernobyl
- •22. Organize a students’ conference “The modern problems of energy generation.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 4 the greenhouse effect
- •Terms and vocabulary
- •1. Guess the meaning of the words and remember the pronunciation.
- •2. Read the text, fulfill the exercises.
- •3. Complete the table with the appropriate word-formations.
- •5. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Fill in each gap with only one word.
- •7. Match the definitions.
- •8. Complete the following sentences:
- •9. Answer the questions.
- •10. Put the sections of the article from the New Scientist into the correct order. The first section is “ a” and the last is “g”. Looking on the Dark Side of Global Warming
- •11. 9 You will hear a lecture on global warming. For questions 1- 15 fill in the missing information.
- •Read the text without using a dictionary. Speak on the properties and practical applications of ozone
- •13. Tell about the greenhouse effect using this picture
- •14. 9 You will hear a man talking about a climatic phenomenon called El Niňo. For questions 10-14, choose the best answer (a, b, c or d) which fits best according to what you hear.
- •15. Discuss the following facts and figures.
- •16. Discuss the following problems. Find some additional information to prove your point of view.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 5 the impact of chemical elements on human organism
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •Read the words and remember their pronunciation.
- •Try to recognize the following words, remember their pronunciation.
- •3. Read the text, fulfil the exercises.
- •8. Fill in the necessary prepositions:
- •9. State whether each of the following sentences are true or false, if false, explain why.
- •10. Read the text again and make notes under the following headings. Find some additional information on each of the topics. Talk about the process of toxicokinetics. Use the scheme.
- •11. Read the text and answer the questions. Toxic heavy metals
- •Mechanisms of toxicity
- •Some principle processes of toxicity
- •Some other reaction of human organism to xenobiotic
- •Dose in the Exposure-Response relationships
- •Interaction of xenobiotics with each other
- •Carcinogenesis
- •More on carcinogenesis
- •Toxicity testing
- •Wordlist
- •Final tests
- •Variant 1
- •Variant 2
- •Glossary
- •Practical part
- •The result processing
- •Questions
- •Laboratory work № 2
- •Investigation of physiological characteristics of organism adaptation to low temperature
- •Theoretical introduction
- •Practical part
- •Questions
- •Laboratory work № 3 Study of calculation method of depletion time for non-renewable resources
- •Theoretical introduction
- •Practical part
- •Questions
- •Project work Types of Anthropogenic Impact in Tomsk Territory
- •References
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«Томский политехнический университет»
Институт природных ресурсов
Матвеенко И.А., Барановская Н.В.
ThE MAn and environment
Учебно-методическое пособие
по профессиональному английскому языку
для студентов ИГНД 4 курса
Издательство ТПУ
Томск 2012
УДК
ББК
Матвеенко И.А., Барановская Н.В.
The man and environment: Учебно-методическое пособие по профессиональному английскому языку для студентов ИГНД 4 курса. – Томск: Изд-во ТПУ, 2008. – 71 с.
Методическое пособие «Человек и окружающая среда» предназначено для студентов IV курса ИГНД, прослушавших курс экологии и геоэкологии на русском языке и изучающих модуль геоэкологии в рамках профессионального иностранного языка. Цель пособия – подготовить студентов к активному участию в обсуждении тематики дисциплины на английском языке в рамках вариативного компонента рабочей программы. Цель достигается путем введения и отработки основной терминологии модуля, повторения грамматического материала, закрепления навыков чтения текстов, связанных с направлением подготовки. Большое внимание уделяется также развитию умений и навыков говорения, аудирования и письма на темы, предусматриваемые модулем «Геоэкология». Пособие может использоваться как для аудиторной, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов с уровнем языковой подготовки Intermediate. Тексты составлены на основе аутентичной учебной и научной литературы.
УДК
ББК
Рецензенты
Томский политехнический университет, 2012
Оформление. Издательство ТПУ, 2012
Матвеенко И.А., Барановская Н.В, 2012
Unit 1 geoecology
The biosphere is a complex system of energy use and material cycling. This system functions on energy flowing from the Sun and it gives off energy (primarily as heat) to space.
Lead-in
Fill in the spidergram with the word associated with geoecology.
Explain these connections.
Terms and Vocabulary
biosphere |
биосфера |
concept |
концепция, понятие |
emerge |
появляться |
layer |
слой |
biotic |
биотический, живой |
abiotic |
абиотический, неживой |
biota |
биота (флора и фауна района) |
ecosystem |
экосистема |
remediation |
восстановление |
magnitude |
величина |
Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
biosphere |
[יbaiə,sfıə] |
biota |
[bai′əutə] |
biotic |
[baiיəutık] |
satellite |
[′sæt(ə)lait] |
abiotic |
[,eıbaiיotık] |
ecosystem |
[,i׃kəu′sistəm] |
2. Read the text, fulfill the exercises.
The idea of biosphere appeared more than a century ago, but at first it found a little application, until it was developed by the Russian scientist V. I. Vernadsky. It is his concept of the biosphere that we accept today.
The first living cell emerged between 4 billion and 3.8 billion years ago. At present biosphere includes vast numbers of plants, animals, and other life-forms of our planet, many of them are yet to be discovered. Biosphere is a relatively thin life-supporting layer around the Earth containing living organisms, which is strongly influenced in its composition, structure and energetic by the living organisms. The part of the biosphere containing the highest concentration of living matter – the Earth’s thin and fragile “film of life” – varies from a few meters in deserts and tundra to a hundred meters in a tropical forest region and oceans.
The biosphere is a complex system of energy use and material cycling. This system functions on energy flowing from the Sun and it gives off energy (primarily as heat) to space.
We can divide the biosphere into two parts, living and nonliving, or biotic and abiotic. The biotic part of the biosphere consisting of fauna and flora is known to be called biota. We can further divide the Abiotic portion into three parts: the solid Earth or lithosphere, liquid water or hydrosphere, and the atmosphere.
Ecology is a branch of science which deals with the world of nature – including its human component – at certain levels of biological organization. It is the study of the living organisms interactions with each other and with their environment. Particular concern of the ecologists is with the “higher” levels of life organization: from populations to biosphere. The functional unit in ecology is the ecosystem because it comprises all interactions of communities with both their living (biotic) and their nonliving (abiotic) environments.
Ecology is a multidisciplinary science. Facts about ecological systems are drawn from biology, geology, chemistry, physics, and other sciences. Originally ecology was considered to be environmental biology. Modern ecology has to deal with environmental problems caused by human activities.
Geoecology is an interdisciplinary science, probably best translated as environmental sciences. Geoecology is not a synonym for physical geography. It is not dealing solely with the abiotic aspects of ecology. Geoecologists are rather “specializing in interdisciplinarity”, studying the interactions and interrelations abundant in our environment. Geoecologists work in the industry, for municipal, regional or federal authorities, in universities and research institutes, in foreign aid programs, and as freelance consultants or engineers. Broad education combined with high-quality specialized training allows geoecologists to work in fields such as environmental analytics, waste disposal, contaminated sites remediation as well as agriculture and forestry.
People have always affected the natural environment. But the population growth along with the industrial world economy during the last two centuries has increased the magnitude, complexity and rate of these modifications. Today environment is not just modified by human action: it is radically transformed. Global satellite observations of the Earth have revealed that about 60 % of land surface is to some extent damaged by industrial, agricultural, and other human activities, whereas no more than 40 % of land remains intact.
Humankind is entering a new era in its evolution characterised by a new relationship with nature. Understanding of how biosphere works, and how it reacts to the global environmental change is of fundamental importance.
From Положинцев Б. И. Introduction to ecology. СПб., 1999.
3. Find the synonyms for the following words in the text.
To influence, to include, large, to emerge, to change, mankind, to release, field of science, to be concerned with.
4. Translate the following word groups.
Global satellite observations, industrial world economy, tropical forest region, living organisms interaction, life organization levels, atmosphere layers, nature balance, population growth.
5. Suggest as many word combinations as possible.
layer (thick, of water, around the Earth, of gas, outer, thin, containing living matter);
environment (clear, physical, parts of, modified, healthy, biotic, damaged, intact);
interactions (between, humankind, nature, stable, communities, global, constant, living organisms, environment).
6. Say it in English.
a). Современная концепция биосферы была разработана русским ученым В.И. Вернадским более 50 лет назад 9 (present-day, develop).
Биосфера - это слой вокруг Земли, который преобразован живыми организмами (transform).
Биосфера – слой вокруг Земли, который содержит все живое вещество на нашей планете (contain).
Жизнь на Земле возникла около 3б8 миллиарда лет назад (emerge).
b). Биосфера – это сложная система преобразования энергии и круговорота веществ (cycling).
Биосфера «работает» на энергии, поступающей в нее от Солнца (run on energy).
Толщина слоя биосферы, содержащего наивысшую концентрацию живого вещества, варьируется от нескольких до сотен метров (film of life, vary from … to).
c). Геоэкология – междисциплинарная наука, основанная на экологии, геологии, биологии и многих других науках (interdisciplinary).
Взаимодействие человека с природой имеет глобальный и постоянный характер (interaction).
Человек воздействует на окружающую среду и изменяет ее (affect).
Биосфера реагирует на эти воздействия (react).
d). Сегодня окружающая среда коренным образом преобразована в результате деятельности человека (radically, as a result of).
Около 60 % природных экосистем суши в той или иной степени разрушено в результате сельскохозяйственной, промышленной и других видов деятельности человека (to some extent, damage).
Не более 40% суши еще осталось нетронутой (intact).