X. Make up sentences according to the scheme using the columns a and b.

Translate the sentences into Russian.

A …is/are proved …B

A B

1. Forced discharge a) to employed in low-capacity machines

2. Scrapers b) to used for continuous service

3. Multi-bucket loaders c) to the most reliable

4. Free discharge d) to highly manoeuvrable

5. Bulldozers mounted on low- e) to not very efficient on moist clay

pressure air-tyred tractors

XI. Complete the sentences using variant (a) or (b).

1. Scrapers are used for

1. removing bushes, stumps and small trees

2. removing soil slice by slice and for transporting it.

2. Scrapers should be used on

1. moderately wet sandy soils and loams

2. soils containing large stones.

3. Free discharge is employed only in

1. high-capacity machines

2. low-capacity machines

4. Scrapers are used together with

1. grab buckets

2. tractors

5. Scrapers are being designed mainly with

1. cable control

2. hydraulic control

XII. Insert the verbs in the proper form. Translate the sentences.

1. Scrapers partially … the soil.

2. Scrapers … by the mode of locomotion.

3. Scrapers … until recently with cable control.

4. A crawler or a four-wheel air-tyred tractor … as a pusher.

5. The scraper controlled from the driver`s cab … soil in succession.

6. Scrapers … together with tractors.

XIII. Fill in the prepositions. Translate the sentences.

1. Scrapers can operate … a wide variety … soil.

2. Scrapers are quite useless … boggy soil as the wheel sinks … the mud.

3. A scraper removes soil slice… slice.

4. Scrapers should not be used … soils containing large stones.

5. Scrapers are classified … the method … discharge.

6. Free discharge is used only … low-capacity machines.

XIV. Make up questions according to the models using the words given below.

Models: 1. Under what condition can scrapers operate ?

bulldozers

tower cranes

self-powered jib cranes

2. How can scrapers be classified ?

bulldozers

loaders

graders

single-bucket loaders

jacks

XV. Ask questions on the underlined words.

1. Scrapers are quite useless on boggy soils.

2. Scrapers should be used on sandy soils and loams.

3. Scrapers are used together with tractors.

4. Scrapers are controlled from the driver`s cab.

XVI. Answer the following questions.

1. What is a scraper used for ?

2. Where are scrapers extensively used?

3. On what soils can scrapers operate?

4. How are scrapers classified?

5. On what soils are scrapers quite useless?

6. What can you say about free discharge and forced discharge?

7. In what cases is a four-wheel air-tyred tractor used as a pusher?

8. In what cases are scrapers used together with tractors?

XVII. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Известно, что скреперы предназначены для послойной разработки грунта.

2.При движении по свежеотсыпанному слою грунта скреперы частично уплотняют его.

3. Скреперы не могут работать на заболоченных землях вследствие того, что колеса вязнут в грунте.

4. Нельзя применять скреперы на грунтах, содержащих крупные камни.

5. Скреперы классифицируются по геометрической емкости ковша, по способу передвижения, по способу разгрузки и по системе управления.

6. Самой надежной, хотя и несколько энергоемкой, является принудительная разгрузка.

7. Свободная разгрузка применяется в машинах малой емкости.