- •Строительство зданий
- •Lesson 1
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Form the nouns adding the suffixes and translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Point out the suffixes of the following words and the parts of speech they form. Make sentences with the words.
- •V. Read and translate the text cement
- •VI. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VII. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Speak about cement as one of the popular binding materials in construction. Make use of the following expressions:
- •I. Put the verbs in brackets in the form of the Past Simple Tense.
- •II. Read the following note and put the verbs into the correct form of the Present Simple, Present Continuous or Past Simple.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the Past Simple Tense.
- •IV. Ten years ago Jerry was a student. Now he is a lawyer. Use the prompts to ask and answer questions about Jerry, as in the example.
- •Lesson 2
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Put all possible questions to the sentences.
- •IV. Read and translate the text brick
- •V. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Speak about brick as the first artificial building material made by man. Make use of the key word combinations and expressions.
- •I. Match Column a to Column b.
- •II. Make short exchanges using the prompts below, as in the example.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with have/has been или have/has gone.
- •IV. Выберите наиболее подходящее к данному предложению слово из двух предложенных.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with since or for, as in the example.
- •Lesson 3
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Give the synonyms to the following words and translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Read and translate the text concrete
- •V. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Speak about concrete as one of the main building materials today. Make use of the key words and expressions.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect simple.
- •In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
- •Lesson 4
- •I. Read and translate the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •III. Read and translate the text. Parts of a building
- •IV. Memorize the following antonyms:
- •V. Match the English and Russian definitions using Fig. 3:
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past perfect.
- •II. Join the sentences using the words in brackets and putting the verbs into the correct tense, as in the example.
- •VII. Speak about the main parts of a building and their functions.
- •Lesson 5
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •III. Read and translate the text. Floors
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •V. Give the synonyms to the following words:
- •I. Rewrite the sentences below in the passive, as in the example.
- •Fill in the gaps with the correct passive tense of the verbs in brackets.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with is, was, has or will, as in the example.
- •Lesson 6
- •I. Read and translate the following words.
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Form the verbs from the following nouns and translate them:
- •V. Memorize the following antonyms:
- •VI. Read and translate the text. Walls
- •VII. Match the English and Russian definitions using Fig. 2.:
- •VIII. Read the information given below and answer the following questions.
- •Constructive scheme of a large-panel house with longitudinal loadbearing walls
- •IX. Study the constructive scheme shown in Fig.3.
- •X. Match the English and Russian equivalents using Fig. 3:
- •XI. Study the information and answer the questions.
- •XII. Answer the following questions.
- •I. Use the prompts to make sentences in the passive, as in the example.
- •II. Fill in the gaps with the correct passive tense of the verbs in brackets.
- •III. Read the newspaper and fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets using the passive. Earthquake Hits Whiterose
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences about the preparations for Julie’s wedding in the passive, as in the example.
- •Строительство зданий
In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
Jill ……(buy) a new car two weeks ago.
His hair is very short. He …… (have) a haircut.
Last night I …… (arrive) home at half past twelve. I …… (have) a bath and then I …… (go) to bed.
…… (you/visit) many museums when you were in Paris?
My bicycle isn’t here any more. Somebody …… (Take) it.
I …… (not/eat) anything yesterday because I …… (not/feel) hungry.
Why …….. (Jim/not/want) to play tennis last Friday?
The car looks very clean. …… (you/wash) it?
Mr Clark ……. (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
Molly lives in Dublin. She …… (live) there all her life.
Bob and Alice are married. They …… (be) married for 20 years.
When we were on holiday, the weather ……. (be) awful.
My grandfather died 30 years ago. I …… (never/meet) him.
I don’t know Carol’s husband. I …… (never/meet) him.
Lesson 4
Phonetics: [٨], [a:], [o:]
Grammar: Past Perfect
Text: Parts of a Building. Части здания
I. Read and translate the following words and word combinations:
some, public, covered, does, other, multistoreyed, industrial, structure, constructive, function, come, number, study, confront, subject, result;
vast, after, past, architect, rafter, last, part, are, arch, task, plant, dark, ask;
more, order, all, form, boarding, wall, floor, also, for, always.
II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
to devote [di`vout] – посвящать
creative energies [`enƏdჳiz] – творческие усилия
to reflect – отражать
society [sƏ`saiƏti] – общество
art-form – образец искусства
to surround [sƏ`raund] – окружать
part of a building – часть здания
vast majority – громадное большинство
to provide shelter– обеспечить кров
choice – выбор
excavation [ekskƏvei∫n] – котлован
to dig (dug, dug) – копать
foundation [faundei∫n] – фундамент
to keep (from) – предохранять
soil – грунт
framework [`freimwƏ:k] – каркас
stability [stƏ`biliti] – устойчивость
to carry the loads – нести нагрузку
to clothe [`klouð] – заполнять
to divide into stories – делить на этажи
to support – поддерживать
to protect – защищать
wall – стена
floor – перекрытие
roof – крыша
to tie – связывать
firmness [`fƏ:mnis] – устойчивость
bitumen felt [`bitjumin felt] – битумный войлок
wood = timber – древесина
tiling [`tailiŋ] – черепица
III. Read and translate the text. Parts of a building
Since the beginning of civilization man has always been a builder, devoting creative energies to the construction of buildings to live in and to work at. A building reflects the society of its time more than any other art-form.
The meaning of any building depends on the materials used and the function it is designed to perform. The vast majority of buildings consist of external walls, surrounding an interior space and covered by a roof to provide shelter.
Three basic factors - availability, physical properties and cost determine the initial choice of a building. The main parts of a building are a foundation, a framework, floors and a roof.
In order to build a house first an excavation must be dug. After that the foundation is constructed to keep the walls and floors from the contact with soil. It may be of stone, bricks, concrete. Then a framework is raised.
A framework is the part of a building on which the stability of the structure depends. This part of a building carries the loads from the roof and floors. The framework is clothed with various materials in the form of panels. Floors divide the building into stories. They may be of timber, reinforced concrete or other materials. The floors are supported on beams. A roof is the topmost part of a building. Its function is to cover the building and protect it from rain and wind. Roofs also tie the walls and give strength and firmness to the structure. Wood, metal, tiling, bitumen felt and other materials are used for roofs.