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look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow.

Exercise 49. Translate into English using form of the Infinitive.

1. Я, конечно, согласился, но, честное слово, я бы лучше отказался. 2. Лучше бы я не следовал их советам. 3.Чем без конца жаловаться на судьбу, лучше подумайте о том, что в жизни много приятных вещей. 4. Чем сплетничать про других, посмотрите лучше на себя. 5. Я полагаю, что эта информация очень важна. 6. Я нахожу, что он слишком самоуверен. 7. Я предполагаю, что он знает правду. 8. Я считаю его честным и надёжным товарищем. 9. Я думаю, что эта статья представляет большой интерес. 10. Смотри не сломай телевизор совсем. Почему бы не позвать монтёра, вместо того чтобы пытаться исправить самому.

		SELF CHECK. QUIZ
	Choose the correct answer. Only one variant is possible.
1.	It would certainly be much better not ..... to him at all.
	A. to speak	B. to be speaking	C. to have spoken
2.	Judging from the books and papers on his desk he must ..... since they left him in
the morning.
	A. be working	B. have worked	C. have been working
3.	A great mistake that you can make in life is ..... you are always right.
	A. to have thought	B. to think	C. to be thinking
4.	It is difficult ..... a friend who knows all about you and still likes you.
	A. to find	B. to have found	C. to be finding
5.	I meant ..... a job interview for you, I am sorry I couldn’t.
	A. to have arranged B. to arrange		C. to have been arranged
6.	There was nothing ..... , but to wait for the next train which was due at six.
	A. to do	B. to be done	C. to be doing
7.	She was horrified at herself. To have asked his name, to have been told his name
and ..... it!
	A. to forget	B. to be forgotten	C. to have forgotten
8. I was sorry ..... as I couldn’t finish my conversation with Frieda.
	A. to be disturbed	B. to have been disturbed C. to disturb
9.	Joan likes taking care of sick animals. She is pleased ..... this kind of work all the
time.

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	A. to have been doing	B. to be doing	C. to have done
10.	Jack is in his garage. He must ..... his car.
	A. be repairing	B. have been repairing	C. repair
11.	I hoped ..... you by phone, but I couldn’t. Why didn't you pick up the receiver?
	A. to reach	B. to have reached	C. to be reaching
12.	Anna tried ..... two birds with one stone.
	A. to kill	B. to have killed	C. to be killing
13.	Jane ought to ..... two foreign languages. Why wasn't she, I wonder?
	A. have taught	B. teach	C. have been taught
14.	He suddenly awoke from his trance; there was a decision ..... .
	A. to be made	B. to make	C. to have made
15.	I am awfully sorry ..... you in this stupid way.
	A. to bother	B. to be bothering	C. to have bothered
16. Why can’t you get your son ..... the mess on his desk?
	A. to clear	B. clear	C. to have cleared
17.	Their family was made to sell their house for nothing and ..... the town.
	A. to leave	B. leave	C. to have left
18. ..... the past seemed impossible for Felix.
	A. to forget	B. forget	C. to have forgot
19.	Let’s ..... the job as soon as possible!
	A. to complete	B. complete	C. to have completed
20.	It’s too much of a walk to the station. Would you like ..... you a lift?
	A. I to give	B. me to give	C. to have given
21.	Jane was furious. Nobody ..... here a minute longer.
	A. will have her to stay	B. will have she stay	C. will have her stay
22.	I am sorry I didn’t hear ..... my name.
	A. you to call	B. that you call	C. you call
23. We expected ..... in ballroom dancing championships.
	A. them to take part	B. they to take part	C. them take part
24.	They reported the plane ..... safely.
	A. landed	B. to land	C. to have landed
25.	I find ..... a very nice woman and a very skilled computer programmer.
	A. her to be	B. she to be	C. her be

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ГЛАВА 2. ГЕРУНДИЙ

THE GERUND

2.1. Общие сведения о герундии

Герундий – неличная форма глагола, сочетающая свойства глагола и существительного. Подобной неличной формы в русском языке нет. Образуется:

	Vı + ing
Напр. to read + ing → reading		to sing + ing → singing
Как самостоятельная часть речи герундий обладает признаками глагола и
существительного:
Глагольные признаки			Именные признаки
1) глагольная основа			1) может служить в предложении
to drive → driving			подлежащим.
			Reading is her favourite occupation.
2) активный и пассивный залоги			2) может иметь определение
			His beautiful singing
3) может иметь прямое дополнение			3) может сочетаться с предлогами:
He likes driving a car.			Thank you for singing!
4) может определяться наречием			Note: в отличии от существительного
He likes reading aloud.			герундий не может иметь форму
			множественного числа и артикль.

Перевод герундия на русский язык:

1)именем существительным:

–We were counting on your being present. – Мы рассчитывали на ваше

присутствие.

–She earns money by selling books. – Она зарабатывает на жизнь продажей

книг.

2)инфинитивом:

–She is afraid of bathing there. – Она боится там купаться.

–We enjoyed sitting in the sun. – Нам доставляло удовольствие сидеть на солнце.

3)деепричастием:

–He went away without leaving his address. – Он уехал, не оставив своего адреса.

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–After saying this he left the room. – Сказав это, он вышел из комнаты.

4)глаголом в личной форме:

–He denied breaking the vase. – Он отрицал, что разбил вазу.

–Thank you for sending me such beautiful flowers. – Спасибо вам за то, что вы прислали мне такие красивые цветы.

Exercise 1. Form the gerund from the following verbs.

To swim, to take, to give, to sit, to love, to enter, to sing, to show, to exam, to study, to repeat, to graduate, to win, to visit, to buy, to use, to consult, to collect, to leave, to know, to come, to wash, to be, to solve, to say, to change, to lie.

Exercise 2. Read attentively the following sentences. Each of them contains an

–ing form (the Gerund, Participle I, adjectives and Present Progressive). Write down the sentences with the gerund. Translate them.

1. Do you like playing the guitar? 2. Where are you going to work after graduating from the university? 3. At the moment we are flying over the dessert. 4. I should stop smoking. 5. Going in for sports makes young people strong and initiative. 6. Somebody is singing a lovely song. 7. To play football is not interesting for me. 8. He hurt his arm playing tennis. 9. We use the new methods of teaching the English language. 10. I heard the frightening noise. 11. Do you enjoy reading detective stories? 12. A growing child needs a balanced diet.

Exercise 3. Read the following texts, find the gerund there. Translate the sentences with the gerund.

A.I am dreaming to be a biologist. I prefer studying birds: I listen to birds` singing; I notice birds` flying, jumping and running. As for me I like reading books about birds. I hate killing them. I enjoy writing compositions about nature.

B.Shopping is not interesting. But I need to go shopping, buying, cooking, eating. As

Iam a student and my parents are far away from me, I go shopping every day. I prefer buying meet, fish, vegetables, bread. I like drinking milk. I like eating sweets and icecream. I hate carrying potatoes. Nobody wants to help me.

C.Sport is necessary! I don’t like running, jumping, playing football and so on. But I am a businessman and it is necessary for me! Smiling, playing, talking, discussing are the ways to my success with my partners. To keep my energy I need to attend swimming-pool twice a week. Of course, I gave up smoking. But I enjoy travelling sometimes. Sure, business is a kind of sports with running, driving, jumping!

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Note 1: Герундий часто употребляется в запретительных фразах:

No Smoking – Не курить!

No Trespassing – Въезд запрещён – Частная территория! Note 2: Герундий также часто употребляется в названиях,

заголовках, рубриках:

Steps to Understanding – Ступени к пониманию.

Training your staff – Как подготовить персонал; Подготовка персонала.

Exercise 4. Translate the following phrases into Russian.

English Language Teaching; Doing Business in Russia; No Swimming; Being a Teenager; Keeping Your Car Safe; No Parking; Meeting People; No Stopping.

2.2. Формы герундия

Forms of the gerund in the Active and Passive Voice

Форма	Active Voice	Passive Voice	Значение
Simple	Reading	Being read	Действие,	одновременное с
			действием глагола-сказуемого
Perfect	Having read	Having been read	Действие,	предшествовавшее
			действию глагола-сказуемого

1.Gerund (Simple, Active)

She likes telling fairy tales. – Она любит рассказывать сказки. 2. Gerund (Simple, Passive)

She likes being told fairy tales. – Она любит, чтобы ей рассказывали сказки.

3.Gerund (Perfect, Active)

I remember having read this letters. – Я помню, что читал эти письма. 4. Gerund (Perfect, Passive)

I remember having been shown these letters. – Я помню, что мне показывали эти письма.

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Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Passive forms of the gerund.

1. She enjoys being photographed because she thinks she is beautiful. 2. She hates being laughed at. 3. All people dislike being ignored. 4. She showed no sign of being surprised. 5. I was angry at being interrupted every moment. 6. The student remembered having been asked about it. 7. On being allowed to leave the room, the children immediately ran out into the yard. 8. I remember having been told about it. 9. David was tired of being scolded all the time. 10. The results of the experiment must be checked before being published.

Exercise 6. Use the passive forms of the gerund. Translate the sentences.

1. He likes (to invite) by his friends. 2. I remember (to show) the documents. 3. Jane remembered (to tell) about Mr. Smith. 4. She was afraid of (to punish). 5. I insist on (to inform). 6. He was disappointed at (not, to offer) this job. 7. We object to his (to promote). 8. I am not used to (to treat) like this. 9. Without (to see) we left the house. 10. She was annoyed at (not, to call). 11. We were grateful for (to help). 12. The old man couldn’t stand (to tell) what to do. 13. He is angry at (to interrupt) so often.

Exercise 7. Use the active or passive forms of the gerund.

1. The girl was proud of (to choose) to represent the best sportsmen of the school at the coming competition. 2. I prefer (to drive) to (to drive). 3. Why do you avoid (to see) me? 4. We insist on (to send) him there at once. 5 He finished (to speak) and sat down. 6. The old man was afraid of (to operate). 7. I was surprised at (to ask) about it. 8. She tried to avoid (to speak to). 9. If you put your money into that business, you risk (to lose) every penny. 10. After (to read) this article you will give up (to smoke). 11. She dreams of (to invite) to that party. 12. He is good at (to repair) cars. 13. She was afraid of (to punish). 14. Helen insisted on (to give) her this job. 15. After (to pass) exams we went to the countryside. 16. I was annoyed at (to interrupt) every moment. 17. He insists on (to send) there instead of me. 18. He is thinking of (to leave) his job and (to go) to America.

Remember!

После глаголов need, want, require и

прилагательного worth (стоящий) употребляется герундий в форме Active. На русский язык такие предложения переводятся в Passive.

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Model 1. This book is worth reading. – Эту книгу стоит прочитать. Model 2. The windows need washing. – Окна нужно помыть. Model 3. The flat wants cleaning. – Квартиру нужно убрать.

Model 4. The car requires repairing. – Машину нужно отремонтировать.

Exercise 8. Make sentences with need (want, require )+ ing. Use the verb in brackets. Translate the sentences.

Model: This coat is rather dirty. (to clean) – It needs cleaning.

1. This floor hasn’t been painted for years. (to paint) 2. This idea is creative. (to consider) 3. Your hair is too long. (to cut) 4. Those shoes are rather dirty. (to polish) 5.

This plant hasn’t been watered for some time. (to water) 6. There’s such a mess in the kitchen. (to clean) 7. This dress is very dirty. (to wash) 8. The car is broken. (to repair)

Exercise 9. Make up sentences with worth + ing. Use the verb in brackets. Translate the sentences.

Model: This book is very interesting. (to read) – It is worth reading.

1. This film is not very good. (to watch) 2. It would cost too much to repair this watch. (not, to repair) 3. If you have time, you should go to the museum. (to visit) 4. It is quite an interesting suggestion. (to consider) 5. There is an interesting article in the newspaper today. (to read) 6. We can throw these old clothes away. (not, to keep) 7. Her singing is beautiful. (to listen to) 8. This view is wonderful. (to draw) 9. The problem is not so important. (not, to discuss)

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Стоит ли читать эту книгу? 2. Нашу квартиру нужно отремонтировать. 3. Эту выставку стоит посетить. 4. Такой важный вопрос нужно обсудить. 5. Цветы нужно полить. 6. Стоит ли смотреть эту пьесу? 7. Стоит послушать, как она поёт. 8. Эти проблемы не стоят того, чтобы их обсуждали так долго. 9. Не стоит браться за эту работу. 10. Его словам стоит верить.

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2.3. Употребление герундия

Remember!

Следующие глаголы и выражения требуют после себя употребление герундия:

To avoid – избегать, to admit – допускать, признавать, to appreciate – ценить, to begin – начинать, to consider –

рассматривать, считать, принимать во внимание, to delay – задерживать, откладывать, to deny – отрицать, to dislike – не нравится, не любить, to enjoy – получать удовольствие, наслаждаться, to fancy – воображать, представить себе, любить, to feel like (= want) – хотеть, испытывать желание что-то делать, to finish – закончить, прекратить, to forgive – простить, to hate – ненавидеть, to imagine – вообразить, представить себе, to involve – включать в себя, to intend – намереваться, to keep – продолжать, to keep on – продолжать, to like – нравится, любить, to mention – упоминать, to mind – возражать, to postpone – откладывать, to prefer – предпочитать, to put off – откладывать, to recommend – рекомендовать, to regret – сожалеть, to remember – помнить, to risk – рисковать, to stop –

прекратить, to give up – прекратить, to go on – продолжать, to suggest – предлагать, cannot help – не могу не, can’t stand

– не могу терпеть, выносить, can (can`t) afford – (не) могу допустить, чтобы кто-то.

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. He avoided looking at us. 2. He denied going there. 3. We don’t fancy doing it. 4. When will you finish working? 5. You will enjoy visiting this theatre. 6. She gave up eating in the evening. 7. Go on reading. 8. She kept (on) driving. 9. They postponed (put off) leaving because of the bad weather. 10. She couldn’t help smiling. 11. He regretted having written this letter. 12. I prefer staying at home in the evening. 13. We couldn’t afford their seeing him again. 14. They stopped smoking. 15. I like learning foreign languages. 16. Would you mind coming again in a day or two? 17. She denied having been at home that evening. 18. He enjoys travelling. 19. Please, forgive my interfering. 20. They went on talking. 21. My mother can’t help speaking

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about this event. 22. He hates being deceived. 23. I remembered having been invited there. 24. When will you start translating the article? 25. I suggest holding another meeting next week. 26. Imagine living with someone who seldom stops talking. 27. This evening I feel like going for a walk with my friends. 28. I considered taking the job but in the end I decided against it. 29. Why do you keep looking at me like that? 30Does your job involve meeting a lot of people? 31. He admitted stealing the car. 32. I can’t stand being interrupted all the time. 33. The doctor recommended me going to the south next year. 34. What do you intend doing after exams?

Exercise 12. Complete the sentences with the following verbs:

regret	stop	postpone	involve	avoid		mind	admit
suggest	consider	finish	prefer	need	can’t help		give up

1.They had to … going away because their son was ill.

2.He … having dinner in the restaurant.

3.He … not studying harder when he was at college.

4.When Martha … washing the floor, she dusted the furniture.

5.Does your job … travelling?

6.The driver of the car … not having the license.

7.Would you … turning the radio down?

8.Those shirts … ironing but you don’t need to do it now.

9.Could you please … making so much noise?

10.Jack … trying to find a job in America.

11.It’s better to … driving a car during the rush-hour.

12.Tom … working to doing nothing.

13.They are … buying a big house in the countryside.

14.He looks so funny. When I see him, I … … smiling.

Exercise 13. Complete the sentences by using the gerund.

1. It was cold and rainy yesterday, so we postponed … the botanical gardens. 2. I stopped … comic books when I was 12. 3. The problem is very urgent. I can’t help … you about it. 4. I enjoy … sports. 5. – Are you listening to me? – Yes, keep … . 6. – It is very hot in the room. Would you mind … the window? 7. The day is so wonderful. I don’t feel like … today. 8. I don’t like big cities. I prefer … in the countryside. 9. He regrets not … that job. 10. This man seems familiar to me. I remember … him before.

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11. She can’t stand … what to do. 12. You never mentioned … to Greece. 13. I’m considering … Moscow. 14. Please, forgive my … so rude.

Exercise 14. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Перестаньте разговаривать. 2. Вы не против того, чтобы закрыть окно? 3. Доктор велел ей избегать сидеть на солнце. 4. Я предпочитаю летом ездить на море. 5. Вам следует прекратить купаться в море, так как погода стала очень холодной. 6. Я не мог не рассказать ему об этом. 7. Мы не могли не рассмеяться, когда услышали это. 8. Я отложил чтение этого неприятного письма до последнего момента. 9. Я помню, что встречал его где-то. 10. Окна грязные. Их нужно помыть. 11. Я не жалею, что сказал всю правду им. 12. Я не могу не думать об этом. 13. Я терпеть не могу, когда меня прерывают. 14. Наконец-то ребёнок перестал плакать. 15. После недавнего инцидента я избегаю встречи с ними. 16. Давайте отложим обсуждение этой статьи на некоторое время. 17. Такой важный вопрос нужно обсудить. 18. У меня нет желания сегодня учиться. 19. Он рискует тем, что может потерять все свои деньги. 20. Вы не возражаете, если я воспользуюсь вашим телефоном? 21. Она отрицала, что встречалась с ним раньше. 22. Он предложил нам вместе сходить в кино.

Remember!

Следующие выражения c глаголом to be требуют после себя употребление герундия:

To be afraid of – бояться чего-либо; to be annoyed at – быть раздраженным, раздосадованным; to be ashamed of – стыдиться; to be astonished at – быть удивлённым; to be keen on – быть в большой степени заинтересованным; to be proud of – гордиться; to be sorry for – извиняться; to be surprised at – быть удивлённым; to be good at – быть умелым; to be interested in –

быть заинтересованным, интересоваться; to be grateful for – быть благодарным; to be (in)capable of – быть (не)способным (на); to be fond of – очень нравиться; to be guilty of – быть виноватым

(в); to be disappointed at – быть разочарованным в; to be responsible for – быть ответственным за.

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Exercise 15. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. I am afraid of calling him. 2. She was annoyed at not being called. 3. They were ashamed of being late. 4. I was astonished at seeing him again. 5. I am keen on their buying a new house. 6. I am proud of helping them. 7. We are sorry for keeping you waiting. 8. She was surprised at hearing the news. 9. I am not good at driving. 10.

Are you interested in drawing? 11. He was grateful for being invited. 12. Is he capable of stopping them? 13. She is fond of playing tennis. 14. She was not guilty of committing that crime. 14. He was disappointed at not getting that job. 15. Who is responsible for taking the decision?

Exercise 16. Open the brackets, using the correct form of the verb to be. Translate the sentences.

1. I … fond of playing football when I was 12. 2. - … he interested in hockey? – I don’t know exactly. But he sometimes watches it on TV. 3. I … really proud of being a citizen of Russia. 4. He … surprised at meeting them at that moment. 5. The judge said that they … guilty of stealing the car. 6. She doesn’t want to drive her father’s car. She … afraid of crashing it. 7. - … she good at playing the piano? - Yes. I heard her playing at the concert last week. She was wonderful. 8. I … sorry for forgetting your birthday. 9. I … ashamed of behaving like that. Forgive me, please. 10. Who … responsible for making reports a year ago? 11. He … very keen to see his birthplace again. 12. … he disappointed at getting a bad mark? No, I saw hem yesterday. He was not upset. 13. I … so grateful to you for helping me! 14. We … astonished at hearing the news.

Exercise 17. Fill in necessary prepositions.

1. We are grateful to you … sending us the latest reports. 2. Machines are capable … doing many routine tasks. 3. I feel very disappointed … losing the job. 4. In the darkness they were afraid … losing their way. 5. We were annoyed … finding that the plane was overbooked. 6. My younger sister is good … dancing. 7. She is proud … helping her friends in difficult situations. 8. I was ashamed … telling my family what had happened. 9. John knew that he was guilty … lying. 10. He is fond … playing chess. 11. If you interested … helping, just turn up on Saturday. 12. Was she astonished … hearing that news? 13. I’ll be surprised … his getting here on time. 14. He wasn’t sorry … hitting the other boy. 15. The captain wasn’t keen … having this man in his team. 16. She is responsible … typing the documents in the office.

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Exercise 18. Open the brackets using the necessary prepositions and the forms of the gerund.

1. I was quite disappointed (not, to find) him there. 2. She is fond (to read) detective stories. 3. I am proud (to have) so many good friends. 4. I was surprised (to notice) the difference. 5. She is afraid (to lose) him. 6. I was ashamed (not, to avoid) the incident.

7. The boys were astonished (to hear) Tom’s story about the life of pirates. 8. Jack is fond (to play) hockey in winter. 9. I am sorry (to disturb) you. 10. The cat was afraid (to punish) and hid itself under the sofa. 11. He is good (to repair) watches. 12. He was very sorry (to come) like this, without being invited. 13. She was proud (to win) the gold medal. 14. The girls were afraid (to miss) the train. 15. I am grateful (to give) a chance to hear this outstanding singer. 16. We are keen (to have) such a hardworking man in our company. 17. I am interested (to write, to read) poems. 18. She is incapable (to take) decisions. 19. He is annoyed (to make) the same mistake last time.

Exercise 19. Answer the following questions using the gerund.

1.What are you interested in?

2.Are you fond of playing any musical instruments? reading books? collecting anything? going in for sports?

3.What are you sorry for at the moment?

4.Who is responsible for going shopping (washing the dishes, cleaning the flat, cooking) in your family?

5.Are you good at driving a car (repairing anything, calculating, memorizing names or dates, cooking, planting flowers, etc)?

6.What are you proud of?

7.Are you ashamed of not helping your parents (missing classes, always being late, sometimes being impolite, etc.)?

8.Are you grateful to your parents (your friend, your brother or sister, your teacher, your neighbour) for anything? What for?

9.Are you capable of taking decisions by yourself?

Exercise 20. Translate the following sentences into English using the gerund.

1. Он очень любит рыбалку. 2. Она боялась, что её будут оперировать. 3. Мы удивились, увидев её. 4. Он ответственен за то, чтобы работа была закончена в срок. 5. Я был разочарован тем, что они отказались мне помочь. 6. Он хорошо рисует. 7. Он гордится, что стал студентом этого университета. 8. Мой друг увлекается коллекционированием марок. 9. Я очень заинтересован в том, чтобы

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он работал в нашей команде. 10. Она очень хорошо плавает. 11. Вы интересуетесь фигурным катанием? 12. Он боялся, что его неправильно поймут. 13. Он был виновен в воровстве. 14. Я думаю, что он неспособен на обман. 15. 16. Я удивлен, что меня спросили об этом. 17. Она не способна лгать. 18. Я горжусь тем, что сдал все экзамены хорошо. 19. Все боялись, что он узнает правду. 20. Она заинтересовалась нашими исследованиями на данную тему. 21. 22. Я благодарен вам за то, что вы помогли мне в трудной ситуации. 23. Ему было очень стыдно за то, что он солгал. 24. Мой отец очень хорошо водит машину.

Remember!

Следующие глаголы с предлогами требуют после себя употребление герундия: to accuse of – обвинять в; to (dis)approve of – (не) одобрять; to agree to – согласиться на; to complain of – жаловаться; to congratulate on – поздравлять с; to depend on – зависеть от; to dream of – мечтать; to get used to –

привыкнуть; to hear of – слышать о; to inform of –

информировать; to insist on – настаивать; to look forward to –

ждать с нетерпением; to object to – возражать; to prevent from – препятствовать, мешать (что-то сделать); to rely on – полагаться; to succeed in – удаваться, преуспеть; to suspect of – подозревать в; to thank for – благодарить за; to think of – думать о.

Exercise 21. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. They accuse me of helping you. 2. She didn't agree to coming here. 3. Father approves of my learning English. 4. She never complains of being poor. 5. Everything will depend on their coming on time. 6. They insist on our getting married. 7. Do they object to my leaving him? 8. Don't prevent me from buying this house. 9. You may rely on my coming back. 10. Не succeeded in learning those rules. 11. How can you suspect me of taking your purse? 12. I want to thank you for bringing this letter. 13. I often think of your leaving. 14. She is looking forward to visiting Paris. 15. I’d like to inform you of their coming. 16. He has always dreamt of visiting other countries. 17. He congratulated me on winning the first prize. 18. I didn’t get used to wearing a suit every day. 19. Did you hear of their leaving for the USA?

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Exercise 22. Fill in necessary prepositions.

1. The most that we can do is to prevent the situation … getting any worse. 2. I object

…paying too much for the goods. 3. Disabled people succeed … overcoming many obstacles every day. 4. I strongly disapprove … your cheating. 5. The band got used

…receiving hundreds of letters daily from fans. 6. They insist … keeping their children out of the public eye. 7. At least no one can accuse me … hiding the truth. 8. Fred is always complaining … being misunderstood. 9. Thank you … helping me carry the packages to the post office. 10. Jim congratulated me … passing the exam. 11. She suspected him … deceiving her. 12. We are looking forward … seeing you again. 13. I am thinking … leaving for France. 14. He never agreed … their going on that dangerous voyage. 15. All the happiness of my life depends … your loving me. 16. I heard … their buying a new car.

Exercise 23. Open the brackets using the correct preposition and form of the gerund. Translate the sentences.

1. I insist (to tell) the truth. 2. After a long time we eventually succeeded (to find) a flat. 3. I am thinking (to look for) a new job. 4. His parents disapprove (he, to stay out) so late. 5. I wonder what prevented him … (to come) to the party. 6. I’m hungry. I’m looking forward (to have) dinner. 7. The arrested man was suspected (to break) into a house. 8. Have you ever thought (to get) married? 9. I have always dreamt … (to live) on a small island in the Pacific. 10. Have you ever been accused (to commit) a crime? 11. She thanked her friend (to visit) her. 12. I heard (they, to move) to the countryside. 13. Will you object (I, to come) a bit later? 14. Please inform us (to leave) for Canada. 15. She insisted (we, to stay) at her house instead of a hotel.

Exercise 24. Change the structure of the sentences using the gerund.

Model: We were thinking we would plant roses that year. – We were thinking of planting roses that year.

1. Thank you that you invited me to the theatre. 2. His mother insisted that her son should enter the university. 3. She couldn’t even think that the operation might be postponed. 4. Will you object if I open the window? 5. I hear you passed examinations. Congratulations! 6. I’ve been informed that they will arrive tomorrow.

7. I dream that my son will enter the college. 8. Police suspected that she had some connections with the robbery. 9. We tried to prevent her, but she was determined to go.

10. You’re leaving college! Do your parents approve? 11. She complained that she never had any time to herself.

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Exercise 25. Complete the sentences using the gerund.

1. I’m looking forward to … . 2. I’m thinking of … . 3. I`ve always dreamt of … . 4. I thanked my friend for … . 5. I don’t like people who often complain of … . 6. Nothing can prevent me from … . 7. I think that in the future I will succeed in … . 8. I will never approve of … . 9. I will never object to … . 10. I heard much of … .11. At the weekends I enjoy … . 12. Yesterday I felt like … . 13. I think people should stop … . 14. I usually try to avoid … . 15. She suggested … .

Exercise 26. Translate the following sentences into English. А. Verbs with prepositions.

1. Я думаю поехать туда осенью. 2. Он привык вставать рано. 3. Сильный дождь помешал мне приехать вовремя. 4. Удалось ли вам найти её адрес? 5. Я поблагодарил его за то, что он помог нам. 6. Я не возражаю, чтобы поехать туда сегодня. 7. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы вы посетили доктора. 8. Его обвинили в краже кошелька. 9. Я с нетерпением ждал встречи с друзьями, которых не видел всё лето. 10. Ей удалось сделать очень хороший перевод этой статьи. 11. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы помочь ей. 12. Я не одобряю того, что вы тратите так много времени понапрасну. 13. Он обвиняет меня в том, что я ему не помог. 14. Было очень неприятно, что меня подозревали к краже. 15. Я хотел бы проинформировать вас о нашем отъезде заграницу.

В. Revision.

1. Тебе нравится кататься на лыжах? 2. Нам предложили поехать к морю. 3. Она избегала говорить об этом со мной. 4. Он продолжал работать. 5. Он получает большое удовольствие от просмотра старых военных фильмов. 6. Учитель гордится победой своих учеников на олимпиаде. 7. Этот человек способен на всё. 8. Её сыновья увлекаются плаванием. 9. Мы не могли не улыбнуться, глядя на то, как играют котята. 10. Цветы нужно полить. 11. В этот музей стоит сходить. 12. Он хорошо готовит блюда китайской кухни. 13. Я разочарован тем, что вы солгали. 14. Она не может не работать с детьми. Она очень любит эту работу. 15. Мы ждем с нетерпением, когда вы к нам присоединитесь.

Remember!

Следующие существительные с предлогами требуют после себя употребление герундия: advantage of –

преимущество; apology for – извинение; chance of –

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возможность, удобный случай, шанс; disadvantage of – неудобство, невыгодное положение, вред; disappointment at

– разочарование; experience in – опыт; fear of – страх; habit of – привычка;, hope of – надежда; idea of – мысль, идея; importance of – важность; intention of – намерение; interest in – интерес; necessity of – необходимость; objection to – возражение; possibility of – возможность; reason for – причина; risk of – риск; surprise at – удивление; way of –

способ.

Exercise 27. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. He expressed disappointment at not getting good results. 2. Could you explain your reason for choosing this college? 3. Do you realize the importance of learning foreign languages? 4. I have no intention of discussing that problem again. 5. What are the advantages of having a car? 6. Mark has no chance of passing the exam. 7. He made an apology for making her wait for him. 8. I had objections to going to that restaurant, because I didn’t like its cuisine. 9. He showed no surprise at meeting her there. 10. We both recognize the necessity of studying this project. 11. He has always had an idea of starting a band. 12. They refused to give up the hopes of finding more survivors. 13. Is there any way of contacting you while you are in Africa? 14. I have no interest in studying that case again. 15. We had great possibilities of learning languages at the university. 16. There’s no fear of becoming bored in the place like this. 17. He has got into the habit of going to bed early.

Exercise 28. Fill in necessary prepositions.

1. We have no intention … giving up. 2. Did he have any reason … arriving so late? 3. I have got into the habit … getting up early. 4. Fear … rejection prevents many people … from close relationships. 5. The company recognizes the importance … training its employees. 6. Alice expressed no interest … looking for a new job. 7. Do you have any objections … spending vacation in Egypt? 8. There’s no necessity … doing it. 9. He hasn’t had any experience … translating economical articles. 10. There is a little chance … seeing them today. 11. Are there any advantages … living in the countryside? 12. The teacher expressed disappointment … my not making progress. 13. Is there any way … improving my pronunciation? 14. The risk … developing lung cancer from smoking is a serious one.

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Exercise 29. Change the structure of the sentences using the gerund.

1. They gave up the idea that they would find better job. 2. There is no possibility that we shall see him this week. 3. Will you object if I smoke here? 4. There is no chance that they will call on us tonight. 5. There is no hope that you will receive a letter from her soon. 6. There is fear that I can forget about it. 7. There was little hope that he would return the following year. 8. He realizes that it is very important to do everything in time. 9. He was surprised to hear it. 10. He has a bad habit. He smokes a lot. 11. There is no chance to get a theatre ticket today. 12. I have no objections if we go there together.

Exercise 30. Complete the sentences.

1. I have no intention of … . 2. Do you have any objections to … ? 3. Is there any way of … ? 4. There isn’t much chance of … . 5. She has a bad habit of … . 6. He has no hope of … . 7. I have very little experience in … . 8. I don’t like the idea of ... . 9. What is the reason for … ? 10. He displayed no interest in … . 11. She doesn’t like the importance of … . 12. There is some risk of… . 13. What are the advantages of… ? 14. There’s no necessity of … . 15. You should have seen her surprise at … .

Exercise 31. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Мысль провести каникулы на юге принадлежит мне. 2. Мы понимаем важность изучения данных проблем. 3. Он выразил удивление, увидев нас. 4. У него хорошая привычка – всё делать вовремя. 5. У вас нет основания (причины) говорить это. 6. У нас нет намерения обвинить его в краже. 7. У меня нет возможности уехать в Москву сегодня. 8. Я не имею возражений против того, чтобы поехать за город вместе. 9. У него мало опыта в подготовке подобных документов. 10. У меня нет надежды получить эту работу. 11. Существует ли какой-нибудь способ решить подобную проблему? 12. Вы рискуете потерять свою работу.

Remember!

Наиболее употребительные предлоги и предложные сочетания, после которых может использоваться герундий:

After – после (того, как), against – против (того, чтобы); by – путём, при помощи; besides – кроме (того, что); before – перед (тем, как); for – за, для; from – из, от; in – при, в то время как; in

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case of – в случае, если; instead of – вместо (того, чтобы); in addition to – в дополнение к, вдобавок к; on – после (того, как); without – без.

Note: Предлоги on и after переводятся одинаково: «после», но имеют разное значение.

Предлог after употребляется в том случае, когда хотят подчеркнуть, что действие, выраженное герундием, предшествует действию, выраженному глаголом в личной форме.

Предлог on употребляется в том случае, если нужно выразить только последовательность действий.

Compare: 1. After having a short rest I had dinner. – Having had a short rest, I had dinner.

2. On waking up I felt much better. – Waking up, I felt much better.

Exercise 32. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. After saying this he left the room. 2. I am not against buying this TV. 3. She improved her pronunciation by reading aloud. 4. The play was badly acted, besides being far too long. 5. Before leaving for London I called on my brother. 6. I am for joining them. 7. Wild fruit kept us from dying of starvation. 8. In copying the text, he made many mistakes. 9. In case of missing the lesson, be ready to explain the reason. 10. Instead of writing the letter himself, he asked his friend to do it. 11. In addition to going to college full time, Sam has a part time job. 12. On coming home I started doing my homework. 13. He left the room without waiting for a reply.

Exercise 33. Fill in necessary prepositions.

1. He left the hotel … paying the bill. 2. … going to bed, I’d like to have a cup of tea. 3. … having the same job for ten years, I felt I needed a change. 4. We were able to translate the letter into English … using a dictionary. 5. … … studying she went to the cinema. 6. She showed us how to get to his house … drawing a map. 7. … being a teammate, he is my friend. 8. Why are you … buying a car? 9. … seeing the funny toy, the child started laughing. 10. This red button is … turning the machine off. 11. He went to his friends … … helping his mother.

Exercise 34. Change the structure of the sentences using the gerund.

Model: We made the room look nice when we put some posters on the walls. – We

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made the room look nice by putting some posters on the walls.

1. After she took the child to the kindergarten, she went to the library to prepare for her exam. 2. When they entered the house, they heard the bell ringing. 3. You may avoid many mistakes if you observe these rules. 4. When he entered the class, he greeted everybody. 5. While she was cleaning the flat, she found the lost book. 6. You can improve your knowledge of English if you read more. 7. After they had sat there a few minutes, they continued their journey. 8. She is my group mate, and she is a good friend. 9. She had much work to do, but she went to the park with her friend instead.

10. If you ask for my permission to buy this house, I will say that I’m against it. 11. Think carefully before you take this decision. 12. They didn’t even say good bye, when they left. 13. We didn’t eat at home. We went to the restaurant instead. 14. They got married. They didn’t tell any of his friends. 15. You can put people’s lives in danger, if you drive too fast.

Exercise 35. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Перед тем как начать доклад, он просмотрел свои записи. 2. Все слушали его, не улыбаясь. 3. Я не смогу перевести это документ, не посмотрев несколько слов в словаре. 4. Я зайду к вам перед отъездом. 5. Придя домой, мы сразу же начали готовить обед. 6. После того, как он закончил работу, он лёг спать. 7. Получив телеграмму, я сразу позвонил своим родителям. 8. Планируя вашу работу, вы должны принять это во внимание. 9. Он предпочел уехать в деревню, вместо того чтобы остаться в городе. 10. Я против того, чтобы следовать его советам. 11 Она вышла из комнаты, не посмотрев на нас. 12. После окончания школы она стала работать секретарём. 13. Просматривая журналы, он увидел очень интересную статью о путешествиях. 14. Он вошёл в комнату, не постучав. 15. Вы сможете избежать ошибок, соблюдая правила.

Remember!

Обратите внимание на выражения, после которых употребляется герундий:

it is (of) no use
it is useless	бесполезно
it is no good

what is the use of … ? – какой смысл? there is no point in – нет смысла

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Model 1. It is no use talking about it. – Бесполезно говорить об этом. Model 2. Is it any good doing it? – Есть ли смысл это делать?

Model 3. What is the use of waiting for an answer? – Какой смысл ждать ответ? Model 4. I see no point in discussing this problem again. – Я не вижу смысла

обсуждать эту проблему снова.

Exercise 36. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Бесполезно с ней сейчас разговаривать. 2. Если ли смысл звонить ему сейчас? 3. Возражать ему было бесполезно. 4. Когда он в таком настроении, разговаривать с ним бесполезно. 5. Не было смысла приходить сюда так рано. 6. Бесполезно скрывать эти факты. 7. Думать об этом сейчас нет смысла. 8. Разговорами делу не поможешь. 9. Бесполезно идти туда сегодня. Там никого не будет. 10. Вокзал недалеко отсюда. Нет смысла брать такси. 11. Нет смысла делать эту работу сейчас. 12. Нет смысла обсуждать эту проблему в его отсутствие. 13. Какой смысл говорить об этом? 14. Нет смысла упоминать об этом происшествии. Оно не заслуживает внимания. 15. Сейчас нет смысла выяснять, кто виноват. Нужно исправлять ситуацию.

2.4. Различия в употреблении инфинитива и герундия. После следующих глаголов мы видим разницу в употреблении

герундия и инфинитива.

Инфинитив	Герундий
1. forget + to infinitive (забыть что-то	1. forget + gerund (сделать что-то, но
сделать)	забыть об этом)
I forgot to mention this fact in my report. –	I forget mentioning this fact in my report.
Я забыл упомянуть об этом факте в своём	– Я забыл, что упомянул этот факт в
докладе.	своём докладе.
2. to go on + to infinitive (затем)	2. to go on + gerund (продолжать)
After finishing breakfast, she went on to	I tried to calm her down, but she went on
write a letter. – Она закончила завтрак,	crying. – Я старался успокоить её, но
затем написала письмо.	она продолжала плакать.

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	3. to love, to like + to infinitive			3. to love, to like + gerund (эмоция)
	(привычка)			I love dancing. – Я люблю танцевать.
	I like to come to work earlier. – Я люблю
	приходить на работу пораньше.
	4. mean + to infinitive (иметь			4.	mean	+	gerund	(значить)
				Doing well on this course means studying
	намерение)
				very hard. – Иметь хорошие оценки по
	She means to find a better job. – Она
				этому предмету значит учиться очень
	намеревается найти работу получше.
				старательно.
	5. remember + to infinitive (не забыть			5.	remember	+	gerund	(помнить)
	что-то сделать)			I remember locking the door. – Я помню,
	I remembered to lock door. – Я не забыл			что закрыл дверь.
	закрыть дверь.
	6. stop + to infinitive (остановиться с			6. stop + gerund (закончить,
	целью)			перестать			что-то	делать)
	On the way home I stopped to buy some			Stop talking! You are in the library. –
	milk. – По пути домой я остановился,			Перестаньте разговаривать! Вы в
	чтобы купить молока.			библиотеке.
	7. try + to infinitive (делать всё			7. try + gerund (попробовать в
	возможное)			качестве			эксперимента)
	I was trying to start the car, but the engine			Why don't you try adding some spices to
	was dead. – Я пытался (сделал всё			the sauce? It may taste better. – Почему
	возможное, чтобы) завести машину, но			бы тебе не попробовать добавить
	двигатель заглох.			специй в соус? Он может стать лучше
				на вкус.
	8. want + to infinitive (хотеть)			8. want + gerund (быть необходимым,
				нужным)
	I want to spend my holiday in the Crimea. –
				My car wants repairing again. – Моей
	Я хочу провести свои каникулы в Крыму.
				машине опять необходим ремонт.
	9. regret + to - inf = be sorry to (обычно			9. regret + -ing form = чувствовать
	используется	в настоящем	простом	сожаление по поводу чего-то
	времени; за глаголом «to regret»			Не regretted selling his house. – Он
	следуют такие глаголы как to say, to tell,			сожалел, что продал дом.
	to inform).
	We regret to	inform уоu that	уоu have

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failed. – С сожалением сообщаем вам, что
вы не сдали экзамен.
10. be afraid+ to + inf = подлежащее не				10. be afraid	of +	-ing form	=
желает выполнять действие				(подлежащее	опасается,		что
Не is afraid to touch the dog in саsе it bites				произойдёт действие,		выраженное
him. – Он боится дотрагиваться до				формой -ing).
собаки, т.к. опасается, что она его укусит.				She doesn't want to drive her father`s car.
				She` s afraid of crashing it. – Она не
				хочет водить машину отца. Она боится,
				что разобьёт её.
11. be sorry + to + inf = извиняться за				11. be sorry for + -ing form =
действие,	которое	происходит	в	извиняться за действие, которое
настоящем времени.				произошло в прошлом.
I’m sorry to say this, but your work is rather				We are sorry for keeping уоu waiting. –
unsatisfactory. – С сожалением я				Извините, что заставили вас ждать.
вынужден сообщить вам, что ваша
работа признана неудовлетворительной.

 После глаголов to begin, to start, to continue, to propose, to bother, to intend

может употребляться как инфинитив, так и герундий. Инфинитив, при этом, обозначает более конкретное действие:

He began to write a letter – Он начал писать письмо.

He began writing his books in 1950 – Он начал писать книги в 1950 году.

Примечание: Две -ing формы не могут стоять рядом. В таком случае второе слово имеет форму инфинитива.

It` s starting to get cold. – Начинает холодать.

 После глаголов to advise, to allow, to permit, to recommend, to encourage

мы употребляем инфинитив, если за ними следует дополнение или если они употребляются в пассивном залоге.

Не advised us to book in advance (дополнение). – Он посоветовал нам сделать заказ заранее.

We were advised to book in advance (пассивный залог). – Нам посоветовали сделать заказ заранее.

Мы употребляем герундий, если после глаголов нет дополнения.

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We advise booking in advance (нет дополнения). – Мы советуем сделать заказ заранее.

Выбор между инфинитивом и герундием.

В тех случаях, когда приходится выбирать, что употребить – инфинитив или герундий, а это касается не только приведённого списка глаголов, но и всего вопроса в целом, следует руководствоваться следующими тремя положениями:

1.Инфинитив обозначает более краткое или более конкретное проявление данного действия.

He began to work an hour ago. – Он начал работать час назад.

Герундий, будучи -ing формой обозначает процесс, более продолжительное и более общее проявление данного действия.

He began working for this company in 1995. – Он начал работать на эту компанию в 1995 году.

2.Инфинитив по своему происхождению связан с будущим, с направлением к цели, которую еще нужно достичь.

I regret to say you that… – К сожалению, я должен сказать вам, что…

Герундий соответственно будет ассоциироваться с настоящим и прошлым.

I regret telling her what… – Я сожалею, что уже сказал ей о том, что…

3.В последнее время, как в американском, так и в британском английском языке проявляется тенденция к более широкому употреблению инфинитива за счёт

герундия.

Exercise 37. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive form or the -ing form.

1.I’ll never forget … (to sail) down the Danube on that warm spring night last year.

2.Please don' t forget ... (to рау) the bill. 3. John said he remembers … (to buy) the newspaper, but now he can' t find it. 4. Did you remember ... (to post) my letters today? 5. Gloria regrets ... (to shout) at her sister. 6. I regret ... (to inform) you that we cannot give you your money back. 7. The students went on ... (to write) for another hour. 8. After cleaning the windows, he went on ... (to wash) the car. 9. We are sorry

... (to announce) that the 7:15 train to Liverpool has been cancelled. 10. I’m sorry for

... (to miss) your birthday party; I’ll make it up to you. 11. She stopped ... (to go) to the gym after she had got back into shape. 12. They stopped ... (to have) а rest before they continued their journey. 13. They tried ... (to open) the door, but it was stuck. 14. You should try ... (to make) your own clothes. It' s much cheaper. 15. I’m sorry. I didn't