W3xdYqrE6D
.pdf
|
|
|
|
. |
, |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
. |
, |
|
« |
|
|
|
- |
»1 , |
, |
|
|
« |
» |
|
. |
|
ё |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
, |
ё . |
|
|
, |
, |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
ё |
|
|
, |
|
, |
, |
|
- |
|
|
|
, |
|
. |
|
|||
|
|
|
ё |
ё |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
( |
, |
|
, |
- |
). |
|
|
|
|
« |
|
|
|
ё |
». |
|
|
|
ё |
. |
ё |
|
ё |
|
|
|
, |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
, |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
- |
, |
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
- |
. . |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
ё |
- |
, |
, |
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
, |
« |
|
|
, |
|
|
- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
, |
ё |
||
|
»2. |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
|
3 |
« |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
» |
|
, |
|
. |
|
|
- |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
, |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
2
3
|
. |
. |
, |
ё |
/ |
. |
. .: |
, 2003. . 196. |
|
|
|
|
- |
. . |
. |
.: |
, 1991. |
. 245. |
|
|
|
. . |
/ |
. |
.- |
. |
. . |
. |
|
.: |
. |
|
., 1987. |
. 630. |
|
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
1 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
« |
» |
. |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
50- |
|
. |
. |
|
|
ё |
, |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
- |
||
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( . . |
, . . |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
. . |
, |
. . |
|
, |
. . |
, . . |
|
, . . |
|
.), |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
( . |
. |
), |
|
|
|
( . . |
). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
ё |
|
|
. . |
, |
. . |
, . . |
. |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
2
3
4
ё |
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
- |
( |
|
)3. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
. . |
. . |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ё |
: |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|||
, 1998. . 347. |
|
. .: |
|
|
- |
– |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
. |
. |
/ |
. . . |
. .: |
- |
|
- : |
, 2000. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
., |
. . |
|
( |
|
|
|
). |
.: |
, |
|
|
. |
, 2002. |
|
|
. ., |
. . |
|
ё |
: |
|
|
|
. |
: |
|
, 2008. |
. 131, 133. |
92
|
|
. |
. |
, |
ё |
- |
|
|
, |
, |
- |
||||
|
|
|
. |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
- |
|
|
. |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
, |
, |
|
. |
|
- |
|
ё |
|
ё |
|
|
- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
, |
|
|
, |
, |
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
- |
|
|
|
18–22 |
( |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
« |
|
|
ё |
|
» (2014–2015 |
.) |
|
|
|
|
ё |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(36,9%), |
|
(11,1%) |
|
|
|
(12,1%). |
|
|
|
|
ё |
|
|
16,6% |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
. |
|
ё |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
- |
||||
ё |
|
(31,2%). |
|
(39,4%), |
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
|
||||
|
|
, |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
. |
, |
|
ё |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
, |
, |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
, |
« |
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
|
»1. |
|
, |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
- |
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: |
1 |
. . |
// |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
, |
|
. 2015. № 2 (38). |
. 91. |
|
|
|
93
|
. |
. . |
. . |
|
- |
|
, |
|
|
, |
- |
|
; |
- |
; |
|
|
|
; |
|
; |
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
; |
- |
|
. |
|
. . |
. . |
|
, |
|
- |
|
|
|
– |
, |
- |
|
|
|
1. |
|
|
1
2
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ё |
|
, |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
- |
. |
|
|
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
, |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
, |
– |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
||
|
, |
|
|
– |
- |
2. |
|
|
|
|
|
ё |
|
|
|
, « |
», |
(62,7%). |
(63,6%), |
|
- |
||
(52,5%). |
|
|
- |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
- |
). |
|
|
|
(40,6% |
29,7% |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,6% |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
, |
|
, |
15,8%. |
|
|
|
|
|
(52,1%), |
, |
|
- |
|
|
(29,6%) ( |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
|
16,2% |
|
), |
|
|
|
|
. ., |
. . |
|
ё |
: |
|
|
|
|
. |
: |
|
. 2008. . 131, 140. |
|
|
|
. . |
« |
» |
ё |
|
|
. |
: |
- |
, 2010. |
. 145. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,3%), |
|
(19,4%), |
- |
||
|
ё |
|
|
(17,4%). |
|
, - |
|||
|
|
(1–3 |
). |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
(52,9%) |
|
|
(38,7%)1. |
|
|
||
|
(63,1%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
|
- |
|
, |
|
ё |
|
|
, |
- |
||
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
- |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
« |
|
» (46,8%) |
« |
» |
(41,3%). |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(42,7%), |
|
(29,7%). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(39,4%). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,6% |
11,6% |
|
– 13,3%2. |
. |
- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
, |
|
|
ё |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
. , |
|
|
|||
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
3. |
, |
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
|
ё |
(66,2%) |
- |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
, |
ё |
|
. |
|
- |
|
|
(37,5%), |
|
ё |
(39,3%), |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
(71,8%) |
|
ё |
|
|
- |
||
|
, |
|
|
, |
|
|
(70,1%). |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
ё |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
|
|
ё |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ё |
|
|
» |
(2014– |
1 |
« |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 .), N = 764. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
3
. |
|
|
|
. . |
|
// |
: |
, |
, |
. № 2 (38). 2015. |
. 93. |
95
|
, |
ё |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
. |
ё |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
( |
|
|
) |
|
|
, ё |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
- |
|||
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
ё |
|
|
|
|
ё |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
|
|
- |
|
|
, |
. . |
|
[ |
] / . . |
|
|
- |
||
|
|
. – .: |
|
|
, 1991. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
2. |
, |
. |
|
|
|
. |
|
[ |
] / |
. |
; |
. . . |
|
- |
|
|
. – |
.: |
- |
« |
|
|
- »: « |
», 2000. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
|
, . . |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
ё |
[ |
|
]: |
. |
. … |
- |
|
. |
: |
09.00.09 |
/ |
|
|
. . |
|
; |
|
|
. |
- |
. – |
, 1989. |
|
|
|
|
||
4. |
|
|
, . |
. |
|
|
|
ё |
: |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
[ |
] / . . |
|
, |
. . |
|
. – |
|
|
: |
|
|
|
|
, . |
. |
|
|
, 2008. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ |
] |
/ |
||
|
. . |
|
|
. – |
.: |
, 2009. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. |
|
. . |
, |
|
|
ё |
|
[ |
|
] / |
. . |
|
; |
. |
|
|
|
. – |
.: |
, 2003. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
7. |
. . |
, . . |
. |
.: |
. |
., 1987. |
/ |
|
. |
.- |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
, . . |
|
( |
|
|
|
|
|
) |
||||||
8. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
[ |
] / |
. |
. |
|
, |
. . |
. – |
.: |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9. |
|
|
– |
|
|
, 1998. |
|
. – |
.: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
10. |
|
, . . |
|
|
|
|
[ |
] / |
. . |
|
// |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: |
, |
, |
|
. – 2015. – № 2 (38). |
96
303.425.6
60.507
. .
«
»
. ,
|
( |
|
) |
|
|
. |
. |
|
- |
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
. |
|
, |
, |
- |
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: |
– |
. |
|
|
, |
, |
- |
|
, |
, |
|
. |
|
S.S. Maslyuk
Murmansk Arctic State University
Murmansk, Russia
THE STRUCTURE OF THE STUDENTS REPRESENTATIONS
ABOUT THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA
(ON THE EXAMPLE OF MASU STUDENTS)
Abstract. The article discusses the features of the structure of representations of students about the history of Russia. This research is an assessment of the modern historiography in the context of the question, which relates to historical knowledge and the phenomenon of social memory. The researchers also conducted a survey of students of Murmansk Arctic State University, where they received results concerning the students’ knowledge about national history and the history of the region – Kola polar region.
Key words: historical knowledge, social memory, questionnaire, history of Russia, history of the Kola polar region.
,
,
.
,
.
/ |
. |
- |
97
|
– |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
“memory boom”, |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
|
1. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
|
|
- |
, |
|
|
|
|
, |
, – |
|
, |
, |
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
. |
« |
|
|
|
», |
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
. |
. |
, |
« |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
», |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
« |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
»2. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
, |
, |
« |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
» |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
. « |
|
|
|
, – |
|
. |
- |
., – |
|
|
. |
. |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
… |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
»3. |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
. |
, |
|
« |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
– |
– |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||||
|
|
»4. |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
, |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// |
|
1 |
. . |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/ |
. |
. . |
. .: |
, 2006. |
. 17. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
2 |
. |
: |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, 2004. . 11. |
/ |
. |
. |
. . |
|
. .: |
|
||
3 |
- . . . |
|
|
/ |
. |
. . . |
|
. |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.: |
- « |
»: « |
|
- |
|
», 1992. |
. 10 |
|
|
- |
|
4 |
. |
: |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
., 2004. |
. 12. |
|
|
|
98
, |
|
|
|
. «… |
|
|
- |
, |
|
|
|
, |
– |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
. . |
, – |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
»1. |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
, |
« |
|
/ |
|
/ |
|
|
» |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
, |
- |
« |
– |
|
|
» ( |
|
. |
)2, |
|
, |
|
|
« |
» ( |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|||
|
|
« |
|
|
») . . |
|
|
, |
« |
|
|
|
», |
|
. |
|
, |
|
|
, |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|||
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
3. |
« |
|
|
» |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
- |
|
, |
|
- |
|
|
- |
||
« |
|
|
|
», |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
. |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
« |
|
|
|
», |
, |
|
, |
, |
– |
|
|
– |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
// |
. |
|
/ |
1 |
. . |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
. . . |
. |
.: |
, 2003. . 421. |
. |
.: |
|
2 |
. |
|
|
|
// |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, 2005. |
|
|
|
|
|
// |
3 |
. . |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. 2001. № 1. |
. 104–113. |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
,
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
ё |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
|
, |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014–2015 |
- |
|
. |
|
: |
, |
, |
|
|
, |
, |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
: |
, |
- |
, |
|
, |
|
, |
, |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
197 |
. |
/ |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
||
|
|
, |
123 |
, 74 |
; 57 |
- |
17–20 |
|
« |
». |
|
|
|
. |
, |
|
, |
. |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
. |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
, |
|
: |
– |
- |
|
, |
– |
|
|
. |
- |
, |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
, |
|
|
, |
. |
– |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
, |
, |
|
. |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
|
|
|
? |
|
1. |
|
|
|
« |
|
|
2. |
»? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100