2. EXPLORATION

Listen to the audio and fill in the gaps with the cardinal and ordinal numerals (1.1). Translate the text.

In ____________ England sent explorers to ‘the New World’. (Now we call this land North, South and Central America and the Caribbean.) At first England was only interested in trading, but later people came to set up colonies and live. But England was not the only country which was interested in the New World: England faced competition from Holland, Spain, France, and Portugal. In the ____________ centuries there were wars between the European powers. Through these wars England gained control of most of North America, as well as Jamaica and Barbados. But controlling people who lived a sixty-day journey away by sea was not always easy. From ____________ the settlers of the colonies in America fought against Britain for their independence. Britain lost the American War of Independence, and lost the American colonies. After this, Britain concentrated on Asia, Africa and the Pacific.

In ____________ Captain Cook, an English explorer, was the first European to land on the eastern coast of Australia. Australia was used by the British as a place to send prisoners from about ____________ to ____________, but later the colonies became strong and rich, especially after gold was found there. In ____________ the British East India Company began to trade with India, and gradually it took control of parts of the country. After a rebellion in ____________

century, the British government took direct control, and most of India was ruled by Britain. India was Britain’s most important colony for many years. It was called ‘the jewel in the crown’. In the ____________ Britain began adding African land to its empire. Other European countries competed for control of this continent. This was called ‘the scramble for Africa’. At the end of the ____________ century England controlled the southern part of Africa and most of the east coast. Countries and islands as far away as Hong Kong, Singapore, Fiji and Burma were also added to Britain’s empire. In the ____________ century, Britain was the greatest power in the world.

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3. THE END OF AN EMPIRE

By 1922 the British Empire was at its highest point. Almost a quarter of the population of the world lived under English rule and the Empire covered one fourth of the earth’s surface. It was said that “The sun never sets on the British Empire” because the countries which were controlled by Britain could be found all around the world. If it was night in England, for example, it might be day in India, or Antarctica. This could not continue forever. Many countries wanted their independence. Also, it was expensive to govern so many different countries in so many parts of the world. Gradually Britain began giving independence to most of its colonies. By the second half of the 20th century Britain had lost or given up most of its colonies. Today it still has 14 territories, including Bermuda and many small islands such as the Caymans in the Caribbean Sea and Fiji in the Pacific.

Look at the map below. Try to mention all the countries where English was spoken.

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4. ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE

The language of a small northern island has spread to every corner of the world. How? Now let’s watch the video in which we can learn how English became a global language (1.2).

On the bases of this video, be ready to answer the questions:

1.What are the reasons for a language being global?

2.How many scientists can read English?

3.In what spheres does English prevail?

4.What other languages can be defined as global languages?

5.While watching the following extract fill in the gaps:

The first speakers that will become English were not the first … of the British Isles. Before them there were among others the Celts and the … . In a few years after the departure of the … in 410 after Christ the first Angles and Saxons landed on the … and then for more than one thousand years that is until the late 1600 English involved but remained … within the island. Here is the question as follows “What happened … ?”

Go on speaking about the origin of the English language.

6. What are the specific factors which helped English get a global status?

Summing up

1)Look at the statements below. Decide if each statement is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, mark A. If it is not correct, mark B.

1)English began to be spoken around the world about fifty years ago.

2)The New World was the name Europeans gave to North and South America and the Caribbean.

3)America became independent from England peacefully.

4)England sent prisoners to Australia until the 20th century.

5)In the ‘scramble for Africa’, European countries took African land.

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6)England once controlled almost 25% of the world’s people and land.

7)Today England doesn’t control any other countries.

2) Fulfill the following table paying attention to the chronological spread of the English language throughout the world.

The History of the English Language

№	year	events
1.	2000 years ago	Germanic tribes who came to England…
2.	…
3.
4…

3) Look through the text, summarize it and express yourself whether you are for or against the fact that English is a global language.

Because English is so widely spoken, it has been referred to as a «global language». While English is not an official language in many countries, it is the language most often taught as a second language around the world. It is also, by international treaty, the official language for aircraft/airport communication. Its widespread acceptance as a first or second language is the main indication of its worldwide status.

There are numerous arguments for and against English as a global language. On one hand, having a global language aids in communication and in pooling information (for example, in the scientific community). On the other hand, it leaves out those who, for one reason or another, are not fluent in the global language. It can also lead to a cultural hegemony of the populations speaking the global language as a first language.

A secondary concern with respect to the spread of global languages (including major languages other than English such as Spanish, Chinese, Arabic,

etc.) is the resulting disappearance of minority languages, often along with the

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cultures and religions that are primarily transmitted in those languages. Language death caused by English has been particularly pronounced in areas such as Australia and North America where speakers of indigenous languages have been displaced or absorbed by speakers of English in the process of colonization. The expansiveness of the British and the Americans has spread English throughout the globe.

The major varieties of English in most cases contain several sub varieties, such as Cockney slang within British English, Newfoundland English, and the English spoken by Anglo-Quebecers within Canadian English, and African American English within American English. English is considered a language with no variety being clearly considered the only standard. Because of English's wide use as a second language, English speakers can have many different accents, which may identify the speaker's native dialect or language.

Just as English itself has borrowed words from many different languages over its history, English words now appear in a great many languages around the world, indicative of the technological and cultural influence of English speakers. Several languages have formed on an English base – Tok Pisin was originally one such example. There are a number of words in English coined to describe forms of particular non-English languages that contain a very high proportion of English words – Franglais, for example, is used to describe French with a very high English content (spoken mostly in the border bilingual regions of Quebec).

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SEMINAR 2

THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN

AND NORTHERN IRELAND

Plan

1.Geographical position

2.Cities and sights

3.Stereotypes

4.British etiquette

1.GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION

1.Use the following geographical names to complete the text below:

The British Isles; Great Britain; Europe; Ireland; Scotland; the Atlantic Ocean; the United Kingdom.

The British Isles are situated off the northwest coast of mainland Europe. They are bounded to the west by (1)… , to the north and east by the North Sea, and in the south the English Channel separates them from the rest of (2)… . The two main islands of Great Britain and Ireland make up (3)… . There are also many groups of small islands off the western and northern coasts. The British Isles consist of two separate nations – (4)… and the Republic of Ireland. The United Kingdom is made up of the countries of England, (5)… and Wales on the island of

(6) …, and Northern Ireland in the northeast of the island of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland covers the rest of (7)….

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

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(6)

(7)

2.Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland

-London, Edinburgh, Belfast, Cardiff

-Oxford, Cambridge, Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool

-the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the Irish Sea

-The Strait of Dover, The English Channel

-The Thames, the Severn, the Trent

-The Loch Ness

-The Pennines, the Cambrians, Cheviot Hills, Highlands

-Ben Nevis, Snowdon

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2. CITIES AND SIGHTS

Watch the video about the UK and complete the following table (2.1).

№	сity	… is famous for …
1.

3. STEREOTYPES

Fill in the gaps while listening to your teacher’s reading. Speak about the stereotypes of the people from Russia.

When you think of people from the British Isles what ___________ of people do you imagine? In the past, foreigners imagined the typical English man as a person who carried an ___________ and a briefcase and wore a black suit and a

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bowler hat. But today, many people see a football hooligan or a pop singer as the

___________ English person.

Many people imagine that the typical ___________ person has red hair, wears a kilt and plays the bagpipes. He or she speaks with a strong accent and is very careful with his or her ___________. People think that the typical Welsh person loves rugby and singing and talks too much. They imagine that it always

___________ in Wales and that most Welsh people are sheep farmers. The typical Irish person drinks Guinness (a strong black Irish beer) and likes telling

___________.

But are these stereotypes true? For example, some people believe that the English have a big ___________ every day; but in fact most English people have a quick uncooked breakfast. There are lots of jokes about the stupid Irish. But for a small nation, ___________ has a very high number of Nobel Prize winners and great writers. Perhaps you think that it is very difficult to understand a Scottish accent. But the accent of the people in Edinburgh is often voted the most

___________.

4. BRITISH ETIQUETTE

Read and translate the following text. What British manners do you appreciate most?

Greeting Etiquette

When meeting someone for the first time, it is common to greet them with a firm handshake in Britain. Verbal greetings are usually enough when meeting old friends or acquaintances. Among close friends and family, women usually greet each other with a kiss on the cheek. If you are unsure about what to do – especially on social occasions – the rule is to observe what other people do and go with the flow.

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If you are invited to dinner or to a party in their room by one of your friends, it is a good idea not to go empty-handed. A bottle of wine is usually enough. Though if you don’t drink, don’t let this dissuade you from accepting an invitation! There are a variety of non-alcoholic drinks you can bring instead, such as sparkling apple juice, non-alcoholic cider or wine, soft drinks, etc. Small snacks or nibbles (such as crisps, cake and the like) are another alternative.

Similarly, if you are invited to someone's family home – especially, if this is for the first time or for a meal, bring a small gift. If you will be dining together, then a bottle of wine is again ideal, but you could also bring a small gift of flowers or chocolates instead. These need not be expensive, but the gesture will be warmly welcomed. To thank your host, a phone call or ‘thank you’ card is a good idea. Remember that in Britain you can never say ‘please’, ‘thank you’ or ‘sorry’ too often!

‘Cheers’ is one of the most commonly used words in Britain. It has two uses. One is at the pub, where you will hear it said as a toast over drinks. But you will also hear it said instead of ‘thank you’ or ‘good bye’ or ‘thanks and good bye’ almost everywhere. Similarly, people will sometimes say ‘you all right?’ instead of ‘How are you?’.

A final point of note is about to how to address your tutors. As elsewhere, the general rule of thumb is to address a tutor as ‘Dr.’ or ‘Professor Burton’. But don't be surprised if you hear other students referring to their tutor by his/her first name, or if a tutor invites you to address them by their first name (for example, ‘John’). This is not unusual in Oxford. To repeat and to avoid any misunderstanding, the best —and by far the safest— thing for you to do is to address them as ‘Dr.’ or ‘Professor’, and only if they ask you to do so and you are sure they won't mind, then by their first name.

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General habits

In general, the British are very polite most of the time. ‘Please’ and ‘thank you’ are among the most commonly used words in Britain. People also have a tendency to apologize —some would say too much— and so, you will also hear ‘sorry’ and ‘excuse me’ a lot. The popular stereotype of the average British person is more often than not true —they will say sorry to you, even when it is in fact you who has accidentally stepped on their toes or bumped into them!

It will not surprise you to know then that queuing, or waiting in line so that someone who arrived first is served first, is another British near-obsession. It is sacrosanct. Seriously! Be it in the pub, at the supermarket or at a bus stop, people in Britain queue for everything. Pushing in or cutting into a queue is considered very impolite and you will be heavily frowned upon for doing it. It is one of the few occasions when the famously reserved British can get visibly annoyed in public, so do bear it in mind.

In most cases, queues are easy to spot. They tend to be tidy lines of people waiting. In public places, including shops and restaurants, there will also usually be a sign —such as ‘Please Wait Here to Be Served’ or ‘Please Queue Here’. Where it can be a bit tricky is in pubs, where the lines are neither tidy nor so easy to spot at the bar. The best thing to do is to take note of who was there before you and wait your turn to be served after them. Bar staff are usually very good about keeping track of who should be served next.

Finally, punctuality is important in Britain. As a rule, you should arrive on time for lectures, tutorials and any other appointments. Similarly, if you've arranged to meet someone at a pub, cafe or elsewhere and find yourself running late or unable to make it, then let the person you are meeting know.

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Summing up

1. Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect.

1)The Republic of Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.

2)The British Isles are changing their position little by little.

3)The Union Jack is made up of the Irish, Scottish and English flags.

4)In Wales, people used to speak Welsh but now it is used very little.

5)People in one city often have a different accent from those in other UK cities.

6)Most English people have a big breakfast every day.

2. Look at the definitions of some words. Can you complete them?

1.	something which people might carry to represent a	a f .................
	nation
2	a flower or other thing which represents a nation	a s .................
3	the place where political decisions are made	P ...................
4	the process of giving some independent power	d...................
	to parts of a country
5	a local pronunciation of a language	an a ..............

Think about your own country. Can you describe 1? What is 2? Where is 3? Is there 4 in your country? Do people from different cities have different 5s?

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SEMINAR 3

LONDON

Plan

1.Famous Landmarks

2.Museums

3.Parks and gardens

4.Festivals and holidays

London is the capital city of the United Kingdom. Covering an area of 607 square miles, it is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. It is located on the River Thames. London is the largest financial center along with New York. It has the fifth largest GDP compared to the other cities in the world. Fashion, cuisine, tourist places, and art and architecture of the city attract a million visitors; it is the most-visited city in the world. The Tower of London, Kew Gardens, Palace of Westminster, St Margaret's Church, Buckingham Palace, Piccadilly Circus, and Trafalgar Square are the major attractions. Let’s watch the video about this wonderful city (3.1). If you had a chance to go to London and live there, would you use it? Explain your decision.

1.FAMOUS LANDMARKS

1)Look attentively at the following photos. Do you recognize what landmarks are depicted on them? What do you know about them?

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a)

b)

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c)

d)

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e)

f)

g)

2) Prepare a presentation about one of these landmarks.

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2. MUSEUMS

Read and translate the text.

London is known for its ancient cathedrals, churches and particularly for its art museums and galleries.

The British museum is one of the world's greatest treasure stores. It was founded in 1753 on the collections of Sir Hans Sloane. The money to house them was raised by public lottery. Today the museum has two departments - the Museum of Mankind and the Natural History Museum. The Museum of Mankind includes a vast collection of antiquities, including marbles from the Parthenon, the Rosetta Stone that provided the key to Egyptian hieroglyphics, ancient works of art in stone, bronze and gold, a collection illustrating Western Asiatic civilizations. The Natural History Museum contains five principal collections on the history of plants, minerals and the animal kingdom. A series of new permanent exhibitions has been opened in the museum, among them 'Dinosaurs and their living relatives'.

The National Gallery was founded in 1824 and is one of the greatest museums of art in the world. It is noted for the balance of its collections; all of the important art schools and almost all old Masters are represented there. The rich collection of Dutch masters includes 19 Rembrandts.

Of all London's great art collections, the Tate Gallery is the most rewarding. It does not cover the whole range of art, but has two distinct collections - British painting and a modern foreign collection. The gallery was opened in 1897 and built by the sugar refiner sir Henry Tate. He also gave to it works from his own collection of British paintings. The Tate covers all that is significant in British painting from the 16th century to the present day. It houses superb Constables, some of most important works of William Blake and important 20th century works. It also possesses a unique collection of Turners. The Tate owns more than 280 of his oil paintings. The sculpture collection includes works by Roden, Epstein, Henry Moore.

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Victoria and Albert Museum was opened in 1857 by Prince Albert and included the collections of Museum of Ornamental Art. The art collections grew rapidly. Now they include fine and applied arts of all kinds. They chiefly represent European art and the art of the Near and Far East.

3. PARKS AND GARDENS

Read the text below and find out what park the following information is about:

1.Has Zoological Gardens, Queen Mary’s Garden etc.

2.Has a view of Westminster from the bridge

3.Has Kensington Palace

4.The largest of all 5 parks (670 acres)

5.Used to be a deer-hunting park

6.Has 40-acre serpentine boating Lake

7.Has Speaker’s Corner

8.Share boating lake with other parks

9.Has thick, rich grass and trees

10.A lot of expensive boats sail there

11.Was made for George IV

12.There you can see joggers and riders

13.Is situated in the midst of government buildings and palaces

The special feature that distinguishes London from other capital cities is its many green parks, which have been enjoyed by its citizens since Hyde Park became the first public garden (1637). Five of London's nine royal parks are in the very heart of the capital. Among the most important parks that bring fresh life and colour to London are St. James's Park, Green Park, Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens that stretch across the West End. Each has its own character. Laid out in the midst of government buildings and palaces, St. James’s Park is

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one of the smallest, but with its charming lake enlivened by water birds, wellmaintained flower beds and view of Westminster from the bridge, is easily the most attractive. To the west, divided by The Mall, is Green Park, an unpretentious stretch of especially thick, rich grass and luxuriant stands of trees, the plainest of the Royal Parks. Hyde Park has an area of 361 acres and its outstanding feature is the 40-acre Serpentine boating lake. One of the great urban parks of the world was once a deer-hunting park for Henry VIII and in 1851 it was the site for London’s Great Exhibition. Londoners love to use this park and you'll find joggers – not to mention riding enthusiasts cantering around the horse track – taking advantage of its spaciousness. Another attraction of the park is Speaker’s Corner, near the Marble Arch, where anyone can get up on a makeshift rostrum – often a cardboard box – and spout their opinions. It’s hard to believe that the roads were once infested by villains and popular with duelists.

Kensington Gardens are separated from Hyde Park by a road, but the difference in character is at once apparent – it is more formal, more enclosed. The Gardens share the boating lake with the neighboring park, but at this section it is called the Long Water, where depending on the weather there is boating and iceskating, or swimming. William III nipped 26 acres off the western end of Hyde Park in 1689 to make a garden for Kensington Palace. Kensington Gardens were not opened to the general public until the mid-19th century and, until recently, still retain some feeling of elevated separateness. Expensive boats are still sailed in the Round Pond and magnificent kites are flown. Another park set apart from the others (northwest of the City) is Regent’s Park. It was once a royal hunting area. The park was laid out for George IV when he was Prince Regent and was given its present name about 1814. If Primrose Hill is included in its area, it is the largest of all parks, at 670 acres. Given its look by John Nash, this ‘aristocratic garden suburb’ is roughly circular in shape and encircled by a carriage road. Within the park are the 34-acre (14-hectare) Zoological Gardens, Queen Mary’s Garden and the Open Air Theatre.

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a. St. James’s Park

b. Green Park

c. Hyde Park

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d. Kensington Gardens

e. Regent’s Park

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4.FESTIVALS AND HOLIDAYS

1)Correspond the description of the holiday or festival with its image. Put the events chronologically starting from January.

1)London Marathon

The Flora London Marathon is one of the World Marathon Majors that has been held each year since 1981, currently around 32,000 runners take part in this annual event, including professionals and amateurs. There are live bands entertainment and thousands of cheering fans. It is also one the largest fundraising event in the world, in order to attract more funds some runners dress up in fancy costumes.

2) The Proms

Also known as the BBC Proms, BBC Henry Wood Proms, or formally The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC and founded in 1895 by Sir Henry Wood, probably, is the greatest classical music festival in the world, it is an eight-week summer season, from mid-July through mid-September, of daily classical music concerts and other cultural events mostly held at the Albert Hall.

3) Chelsea Flower Show

The Chelsea Flower Show dates back to 1852, it is one of the most prestigious celebrations of garden design and horticulture. Plants and flowers for all seasons from some 600 exhibitors are on display along 11 acres of grounds. All tickets must be purchased in advance.

a)

b)

c)

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4) The Mayor's Thames Festival

It is a two day spectacular free celebration for London and its rich diversity, held over a weekend in September. The Mayor's Thames Festival provides free exhibitions for the street arts, street theatre, illuminations, art installations, choirs, circus, live music and more. A spectacular firework finale takes place on the Sunday at 9.30 pm between Waterloo and Blackfriars Bridges.

5) Wimbledon

Wimbledon runs annually from late June through early July. Wimbledon is the oldest and most prestigious tennis tournament in the world, the only Grand Slam event played on grass courts. Started in 1877, the event if often attended by members of the Royal Family. Wimbledon traditions include the eating of strawberries and cream that can be accompanied by an optional glass of champagne.

6) Lord Mayor's Show

This historic London event takes place annually on the second Saturday in November, includes a colourful mix of military bands, British pageantry, elements of carnival and fireworks, is watched by half a million people. The Lord Mayor's Show dates back to 1215 and takes place in the City of London.

7) FA Cup Final

The FA Cup Final, commonly known as just The Cup Final, is a must of any soccer fan; it takes place at the recently rebuild Wembley Stadium in May each year. It is the last match in the Football Association Challenge Cup tournament.

d)

e)

f)

g)

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8) Notting Hill Carnival

The Notting Hill Carnival inundates West London with fun, dance, live music, food and culture. The event has been taking place on the last week of August (Saturday to Monday) since 1964, originally set up by members of the Caribbean community, now, attracts immense crowds of people each year.

9) Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race

Since 1829, each spring, the two England’s most famous universities race along a 6.7 kilometre stretch of the Thames River, in what is perhaps the most famous rowing event in the world, the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race attracts a massive crowd of around quarter of a million fans to the banks of the Thames.

10) Trooping the Colour

Trooping the Colour celebrates the Queen’s Official Birthday, also known as the Queen's birthday parade. It is a colourful military parade by the Household Division and King's Troop. The Queen personally carries out an inspection of the regiments parading their colours. It was first performed for Charles II.

11) New Year's Day Parade

This Parade is a free event which takes place annually on 1 January since 1987, the Parade starts, as Big Ben strikes 12 Noon on New Year's Day, in Parliament Square and finishes at Green Park, taking about 2 hours 30 minutes, featuring more than 10,000 participants representing 20 countries worldwide. There are marching bands, cheerleading groups, vehicles, animals, clowns and giant inflatables.

h)

i)

j)

k)

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2)Watch the video about Guy Fawkes Night and say the details of this holiday (3.2).

3)Watch the following video about London light festival (3.3). What do you feel while looking at these illuminations?

Watch the video about London chocolate festival (3.4). Have you ever observed any food festivals in your country?

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SEMINAR 4

ENGLAND

Plan

1.Basic facts

2.Symbols

3.Hobbies

4.Sport

5.Music

6.Food

7.Celebrations

8.Famous places

9.Famous people

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1. BASIC FACTS

Try to memorize the following information.

•Capital: London

•Area: 130,395 km²

•Population: 53,000,000 (2016)

•The highest mountain: Scafell Pike

•Longest river: The Thames (346 km long km)

•Largest lake: Windemere (area: 14.7 sq km)

•Language: English

•Major cities: London, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds, Newcastle, Birmingham

•Economy: Agriculture, industry, mining, tourism. Chief exports: machinery, cars, textile. Large deposits of oil, natural gas, and coal, iron ore, tin copper, led and clay.

•Currency: the British pound sterling divided into 100 pence.

•England is subdivided into nine regions: Greater London, East, South East, South West, East Midlands, West Midlands, Yorkshire and the Humber, North East and North West.

2. SYMBOLS

What do you know about the origin of these symbols?

• The national flag of England: St. George’s Cross.

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• The patron saint of England: St. George.

St. George’s Day: April, 23, the English national day.

• The national flower of England is the red rose.

• Three Lions crest is usually seen as a badge.

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3. HOBBIES

Listen to the following audio track and say what the English like doing

(4.1).

4. SPORT

Look through the following text and retell it paying attention to the main kinds of sport in England.

The main sporting events in an English year are: the FA Cup (football), the Oxford Cambridge boat race (rowing), the Grand National and the Derby (horseracing), Wimbledon (tennis), the Open Golf, the Six Nations (rugby) and international Test Matches (cricket).

The English say that they invented football but so do other countries. However, it has been played since the eighth century. It was so popular in the Middle Ages that some kings banned it because the players became very angry and noisy and it stopped men from preparing for war! The first international football match was between England and Scotland in 1870.

Teams at the top of the English Premier football league are very rich and have some of the best players in the world. The ‘Big Four’ teams are Manchester United, Chelsea, Arsenal and Liverpool but other teams with rich owners may soon join them.

Cricket is played by many English-speaking nations. In 1882, the Australians beat the English for the first time. The English were so upset that the newspapers said that English cricket was dead and was cremated. Since then, the matches, between Australia and England have been called ‘the Ashes’. Cricket matches can last for five days, four days or one day. The shortest form of the sport is called 20-20 and England won the world championship in 2010 when they beat

strong teams from South Africa, Sri Lanka and Australia.

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5. MUSIC

What can you add to the information about the English music?

English pop and rock music is popular all over the world. From the Rolling Stones and the Beatles in the 1960s to Elton John to punk bands to Coldplay and Radiohead in the 2000s, it has developed over the years and is still developing now.

6. FOOD

Read and summarize the following text inserting the necessary prepositions. Analyze the differences in English and Russian food.

What is there to eat ………… England?

Most English people eat breakfast, lunch (which some families call ‘dinner’!) and dinner (which some families call ‘tea’). ………… addition, there are elevenses (a snack …………...about 11 a.m.), tea (…………. the afternoon

………….. about 4 p.m.) and supper (a light meal …………….. bed). English food does not have a good reputation …………… other countries but there are

………………. fact some delicious dishes:

Fish and chips is made using white fish such as cod, haddock or plaice, which is fried

……….. butter. Traditionally, it is eaten

……………. mushy peas, a kind …………..

puree made ……………. green peas.

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Roast dinner is the traditional English

Sunday lunch ……………… roast meat, such as lamb or beef, together …………… roast potatoes and lots ………….. vegetables.

……………… Christmas Day, most families eat roast turkey.

Stilton cheese is a blue cheese

……………. a very strong taste and many people call it the ‘King of Cheeses’. But if you prefer other kinds, there are many local varieties

………….. cheese …………. England, especially ……………… the south-west.

English cakes and biscuits are very popular ……………. English people and

……………. tourists. A cream tea is usually eaten ……………. the afternoon and may include scones, butter, jam and cream. It is typical ……………….. Devon and Cornwall

……………. the south-west ……………….

England. A full English breakfast is a good way to start the day if you’re not ………………. a diet! A traditional breakfast includes sausages, grilled tomatoes, mushrooms, fried eggs, fried bread and a cup ……………… strong tea.

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Curry is not originally English but the

English love curries. Curry came …………..

England ……………… South Asia ……………

the 18th century, but it became very popular

……………….. World War II. Today the English’s favourite type, Vindaloo, is more popular ………………the UK than

………………. India!

7. CELEBRATIONS

Look through the following text and compare English and Russian holidays.

Christmas and Easter are the most important festivals for the English but there are many others. Most English children look forward to Fireworks’ Night or Guy Fawkes Night on 5th November. This is to remember that Guy Fawkes did not succeed in killing the King in 1605, but nowadays it is a family festival for children. There are fires, fireworks and lots of hot food. In the town of Lewes in Sussex it is a big event and the local people burn huge figures of unpopular politicians and celebrities.

Another date is 1st April or April Fool’s Day. On this day, people are allowed to play jokes on other people. Even the newspapers and the television take part, like in the 1950s when the BBC showed a programme about spaghetti growing on trees. Some people believed it was true!

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8. FAMOUS PLACES

Watch the following video and write down the names of the landmarks mentioned. Be ready to mention other England sights (4.2).

9. FAMOUS PEOPLE

Listen to the following audio track and fill in the gaps in the text below (4.3). Try to find more information about one of the famous people of England.

England, like all nations, had many _______________ people, such as Queen Elizabeth I, Shakespeare, Isaac Newton, Dickens, Darwin and Winston Churchill. Now read about some recent ‘iconic people’.

Princess Diana was the ______________ of Prince Charles but became unhappy in her marriage. Many people all over the world loved her for her

________________ and her kindness to people with problems, such as AIDS victims. She died in a car crash in _________________ in 1997.

John Lennon wrote most of the songs of the Beatles with Paul McCartney. Later, he married Yoko Ono, a Japanese artist, and protested against _______________. He was murdered in New York in 1980.

Margaret Thatcher was the first woman to become Prime Minister of the UK. She was called the ______________ Lady because of her strong ideas on Government. Some British people supported Margaret Thatcher and her ideas but she also had strong ________________.

David Beckham: he is probably the most famous English ________________ of the 1990s and 2000s. He played in three World Cups and was England captain. He married one of the Spice Girls, a pop group, and is often in the celebrity pages of magazines and _________________.

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Summing up

Complete this fact file about England. Write a word or words in each space.

Popular hobbies: Gardening, DIY and (1).,................. in rivers

Food: Traditional Sunday lunch: roast (2) ...................... and vegetables

Other famous dishes: (3)……………. and chips; (4)……………….. originally from India.

Sport: Many famous events, including (5 ) ..............			(tennis) and the
Oxford and Cambridge (6) ………………. on the Thames.
Celebrations: These include: Christmas, Easter and, in November,
(7)…….............. Night.
Music: English (8) ...................		and (9) .....................	music is world-famous.
Places: For example, the (10)..............		of London and many famous
(11)...................	in cities like Canterbury and York. A place of great natural beauty
is the (12) ………………..District.
People: For example, (13).............		,…. who	died in a car crash. John
(14)..................	a member of	the Beatles. Margaret Thatcher, the first female
(15)...............................	of the UK. David Beckham, a (16) ………………, who has

played in Britain, Italy and the USA.

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SEMINAR 5

SCOTLAND

Plan

1.Brief acquaintance

2.Clothes

3.Food

4.Sport

5.Celebrations

6.Famous places

7.Famous people

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1. BRIEF ACQUAINTANCE

Watch the following video on the basic facts about Scotland (5.1). Name:

-its capital;

-major cities;

-its symbols;

-its population;

-the highest peak;

-the famous lake;

-its famous poet and his work.

2. CLOTHES

Do you hear that in Scotland men wear skirts? What do you know about this phenomenon? The following text will help you.

The kilt is a piece of clothing which many Scottish men wear on special occasions. It consists of one 3- metre piece of cloth which is folded round the body to form the kilt. Traditionally, men wear a sporran with a kilt; it is a kind of large purse that hangs from a belt.

Tartan is the name of the typical coloured pattern; different tartans are connected with different Scottish families or clans such as the Stewart tartan and the Macdonald tartan. There are more than 4,000 different tartans! In

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1746, the English government banned kilts because they thought tartan was a symbol of Scottish independence. Later, in 1969, when Alan Bean, a ScottishAmerican astronaut on Apollo 12, stood on the moon, he wore tartan.

Pipers – the men who play the traditional Scottish musical instrument, the bagpipes – usually wear kilts and sporrans.

3. FOOD

Read the following text and say if we have something similar to Scottish dishes in our cuisine.

The most famous Scottish food is haggis. This consists of a sheep’s stomach which is packed with bits of meat, onion, oats, spices and salt.

Porridge is another typical Scottish dish. It is made by boiling oats in milk or water and in a traditional Scottish breakfast it is served with salt.

You may prefer Scottish shortbread, a delicious butter biscuit.

Scotland is also well-known for its very good Aberdeen Angus beef and salmon.

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4. SPORT

Look through the following text and summarize it.

Glasgow has the two best-known Scottish football teams, Rangers and Celtic. When they play against each other, it is a special occasion. Sir Alex Ferguson, the most successful manager of Manchester United, is Scottish. Golf is another popular sport, while in the winter you can go skiing in the Highlands.

The Highland Games is a typical Scottish sporting event. It is like a Scottish Olympics. The events include ‘tossing the caber’, when men have to throw a long piece of tree trunk. You have to be very strong and very skilled to win this competition! You can see Highland Games all over North America but one of the most important ones is held every year in California, with more than 50,000 spectators.

5. CELEBRATIONS

Listen to the following audio track and say what holidays the Scottish celebrate and how they spend these days (5.2).

6. FAMOUS PLACES Read the text below and choose the right word.

Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and is very popular with tourists, who come (..1..) the Castle and the famous streets (..2..) Princes Street and the Royal

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Mile. Every August, the Edinburgh Festival takes (..3..). It is one of the (..4..) important festivals of theatre and music in the world. Many famous writers and philosophers have lived in Edinburgh: Robert Louis Stevenson (..5..) in Edinburgh, and today J. K. Rowling, who wrote ‘Harry Potter’, lives there.

The Scottish Highlands are the mountains and valleys in the (..6..) half of the country. The landscape is magnificent. Loch Lomond is the largest (..7..) in Scotland and Loch Ness is the most famous. The tallest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis (1,343 m), is in the Highlands. People have sometimes taken strange objects to the top of Ben Nevis (..8..) fun; a piano and a bed are two examples! The Highlands have a long, often sad history; many highlanders moved to America or other countries to escape from a difficult and unfair life of poverty. Only about 250,000 people live there now.

Glasgow and Aberdeen are (..9..) Scottish cities. Aberdeen is the centre of the North Sea oil industry. Aberdeen is so far north that it has less than seven hours daylight in winter and eighteen hours in summer. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. In recent years, Franz Ferdinand and Snow Patrol have been (..10..) music bands from the city.

1	a)	to see	b) to hear	c)	to watch
2	a)	so as	b) such as	c)	such
3	a)	right	b) place	c)	time
4	a) more		b) much	c) most
5	a) grew into		b) grew up	c) grew on
6	a)	western	b) eastern	c)	northern
7	a)	lake	b) sea	c)	river
8	a)	to	b) with	c)	for
9	a)	other	b) the other	c)	others
10	a)	succesful	b) successful	c)	sucsessful

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7. FAMOUS PEOPLE

Read and translate the text.

William Wallace and Robert the Bruce were two great Scottish heroes who fought for independence from England in the Middle Ages.

Wallace (1272-1305) won a great victory against the English army at Stirling Bridge in 1297, but in the next battle he was defeated. He hid from the English for seven years but was finally arrested and executed. His head was shown to the people on London Bridge.

Every Scottish person knows the story of

Robert the Bruce (1274-1329) and the spider. He was put in prison by the English. He said that when he was in prison, he watched a spider trying six times to make a web. The spider finally succeeded the seventh time. This example taught him to keep trying. Bruce escaped from prison and defeated King Edward II’s English army at the famous Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. He was King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329.

Mary Queen of Scots had a dramatic and very sad life. She was crowned Queen of Scots when she was a baby in 1543. She married a French prince when she was only fifteen and lived in France.

• After his death, she returned as Queen to Scotland.

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•She was a Catholic, so Protestant Scots hated her.

•Her male secretary, Rizzio, was murdered by her husband in front of her. Was Rizzio her lover?

•Her second husband was murdered. Did Mary arrange this?

•She married for a third time but she had to run away from Scotland.

•She was in prison in England for nearly twenty years.

•She planned to take the place of her cousin, Elizabeth I, as Queen of England.

•She was beheaded in Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire in 1587.

•Her son James later became King of England.

Robert Burns is Scotland’s national poet. As a young man, he worked on his family farm but his poems in the Scottish dialect became very popular. He died when he was only thirty-seven but his poems live on. He wrote the words of ‘Auld Lang Syne’, which means ‘long long ago’ and is the song that people sing at New Year. Another famous poem begins ‘My luve (love) is like a red, red rose’.

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There are many other famous Scottish people. There are writers like

Sir Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who created Sherlock Holmes.

There are actors like Sean Connery, who played James Bond. There are singers like Susan Boyle, who was in the Britain’s Got

Talent competition in 2009 and became internationally famous.

There are many famous scientists and inventors, for example James Watt, who invented the steam engine, Alexander Bell, who invented the telephone, Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin, and John Logie Baird, who invented television.

For each question, choose the correct letter – A, B, C or D.

1.What does the writer say about Robert the Bruce?

A □ He was a friend of William Wallace. B □ He wanted Scotland to be independent.

C □ He had a pet spider when he was in prison. D □ The story about the spider isn’t true.

2.What do we learn about Mary Queen of Scots from the text?

A □ Her life was full of problems. B □ She enjoyed marriage.

C □ She murdered one of her husbands.

D □ She was very religious.

3.Why does the writer include Robert Burns in this section?

A □ because he wrote in the Scottish dialect B □ because he was a farmer

C □ because his songs and poems are very popular in Scotland D □ because he died when he was still young

4.Which of these does the text tell us?

A □ Scottish people are different from the English.

B □ Scotland has produced famous writers and scientists. C □ Scotland has had many kings and queens.

D □ The Scottish know a lot about their own history.

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Summing up

Decide if each sentence (1-8) is correct or incorrect.

1)English people don’t normally use words such as ‘bairn’ for ‘child’.

2)It is forbidden to wear tartan now.

3)Visitors can play the piano on top of Ben Nevis.

4)Everyone is now certain that the Loch Ness Monster does not exist.

5)Robert Bruce learnt something important by watching a spider.

6)Mary was Queen of France, then Queen of Scotland and then Queen of England.

7)In the Highland Games, mountain climbing is one of the main activities.

8)Hogmanay is the Scottish New Year celebration.

How many words with a Scottish connection can you find in this word search? The words may be horizontal, vertical or diagonal.

M	O	U	N	T	A	I	N
B	X	S	O	A	G	R	E
A	Z	P	I	R	O	E	W
G	K	I	L	T	L	T	Y
P	U	D	W	A	F	S	E
I	C	E	W	N	S	B	A
P	G	R	Z	T	E	O	R
E	G	X	A	W	Q	M	B
S	P	O	R	R	A	N	Z

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SEMINAR 6

WALES

Plan

1.Historical reference

2.Basic facts

3.Symbols

4.Food

5.Sport

6.Songs

7.Important events

8.Famous places

9.Famous people

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1. HISTORICAL REFERENCE

Read and translate the text, give synonyms to the underlined words and word-combinations.

Wales and England have always had a close relationship. In the 13th century, the English king Edward I and his armies took control of Wales away from Llewellyn ap Gruffud. He was the grandson of Llewellyn the Great. When Henry VIII was king, in the period from 1536 to 1543, England and Wales became one country and English laws covered all the area. But the modern Welsh nationalist political party, Plaid Cymru (in English, The Party in Wales), wants independence for Wales. Plaid Cymru often works with the Scottish Nationalist Party, who wants independence for Scotland.

2. BASIC FACTS Learn by heart the basic facts about Wales.

•Capital: Cardiff

•Area: 20,779 km²

•Population: 3,063,456 (2011)

•Languages: English, Welsh

•Currency: Pound sterling.

3. SYMBOLS

Do you know anything about the origin of these symbols? Consult encyclopedias.

• The national flag of Wales: a "Red Dragon" in a green and white field.

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• The patron saint of Wales: St. David.

St. David’s Day: March 1, the Welsh national day.

• The national flower of Wales is a daffodil. The leek is the national emblem of Wales.

• The Coat of Arms of the Principality of Wales

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4. FOOD

Read the following text and say if we have something similar to Welsh dishes in our cuisine.

If you visit Wales, you will see a lot of sheep in the countryside. So it’s not surprising that Welsh lamb is often on the menu! Your breakfast in Wales may include black laverbread, which is a paste made with the same type of seaweed that the Japanese use to make sushi. Despite its name, it isn’t bread.

Other typical Welsh dishes are Welsh rarebit (cheese on toast made in a special way) and Bara Brith (Welsh fruit cake).

5. SPORT

Read the text and fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions. Do you know the rules of the games mentioned?

Rugby is the most popular sport … Wales and the Stadium called Cardiff Arms Park is the home … Welsh rugby. The Wales team takes part … the “Six Nations” competition, where they play England, Scotland, Ireland, France and Italy.

Football, cricket and snooker are also popular. You can also go surfing … many beaches … Wales.

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6. SONGS

Read the following text.

Wales is called the ‘land of song’, and the Welsh national song is called ‘Land of my Fathers’. Wales is famous for its men’s choirs and they often sing before rugby matches. When the iron industry and coalfields were important in South Wales, the factory workers and miners often formed choirs. Today industry and coal-mining are less important in Wales but the tradition of singing continues.

Katherine Jenkins and Bryn Terfel are two successful opera singers from Wales. There have also been several successful international singing stars, such as Tom Jones, Shirley Bassey and Duffy, and bands such as the Manic Street Preachers.

Listen to the Welsh singing. How do you find it? Express yourselves

(6.1).

7. IMPORTANT EVENTS

Listen to the following audio track and say what event it is talked about and what it is famous for (6.2).

Describe the Welsh national costume which women wear that day. The image below will help you.

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8. FAMOUS PLACES

Read the text and correspond the photos of the sights to their names from the text.

Cardiff is the capital of Wales and the location of the Millennium Stadium, where rugby and football are played. Cardiff was named European City of Sport in 2009. The second largest city in Wales is Swansea. In the past it was a centre of the coal and the copper industry. A famous Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas (1914-1953), was born here. Near Swansea there are some prize-winning beaches: Oxwich Bay, with 5 kilometres of sands, which was named ‘the most beautiful beach in Britain’; Three Cliffs Bay, which is called ‘Britain’s best beach’; Rhossili Bay, which was called ‘the British supermodel of beaches’!

Saint David’s is the smallest city in the UK, with under 2,000 people, but it has a magnificent cathedral. In fact, in Europe a town is called a city because it has a cathedral. Saint David, the saint of Wales, is buried in the cathedral in Saint David’s.

Snowdonia is a national park in North Wales. It includes mountains, lakes, rivers, waterfalls, forests and coast. The name comes from the highest mountain, Mount Snowdon (1,085 metres). You can walk to the top of the mountain or, if you’re lazy, take the little red train, the Snowdon Mountain railway. The film Tomb Raider with Angelina Jolie was filmed in Snowdonia.

‘Snowdon’ is the English name; the Welsh call it ‘Yr Wyddfa’.

The English king Edward I wanted to control Wales, so he built huge castles to protect Wales. Today these castles are attractive for tourists, but in the thirteenth century they were a symbol of English power. Four of the most important castles that you can see today are Caernarfon, Harlech, Beaumaris and Conwy. Caernarfon castle is connected with the Prince of Wales, the eldest son of the monarch. In 1284, Edward I’s son was born here and this is why the first son of a monarch is called the Prince of Wales.

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Portmeirion is an Italian-style village in North Wales. Sir Clough WilliamsEllis, who designed the village, said that he wanted to bring the colour and beauty of the Mediterranean to this area of Wales.

There are many other beautiful areas in Wales, such as Cardigan Bay, the Pembrokeshire Coast, the island of Anglesey, and interesting towns like Aberystwyth, Bangor and Llandudno. As for castles, there are more castles in Wales per person than anywhere else in the world.

1) 2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

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Watch the following video and answer the questions about the capital of Wales (6.3).

1)What is the capital of Wales?

2)Where is it situated?

3)What season is the best time to visit it and why?

4)Why does Cardiff have the most green space per person in the UK?

5)How many castles are there in the surroundings of Cardiff?

6)What river flows through the city centre?

7)What natural resource is transported from Wales?

8)What place does Cardiff occupy in the list of UK favourite cities according to the readers of the Guardian?

9. FAMOUS PEOPLE

Read and translate the text.

Two heroes of the Welsh people are Llewellyn the Great (1173-1240) and

Owen Glendower (c.f. 1354-1416).

In the thirteenth century, Llewellyn kept

Wales independent from the Norman kings of England. Glendower was a nationalist leader who led a revolution against the English king, Henry IV, from 1400 to 1412. At first he was successful and in 1404 he created an Independent Welsh Parliament, but in 1405 he was defeated by Henry’s son. There is a legend about Llewellyn’s dog, called Gellert. Gellert had to guard the king’s baby son while Llewellyn was away. He killed a wolf that

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tried to attack the child. When Llewellyn returned, he couldn’t see the baby and there was blood on the dog’s mouth, so he killed the dog. But then he found the baby safe under its bed.

Henry Morgan was a Welsh pirate who robbed ships and towns in the

Caribbean in the seventeenth century, a real ‘pirate of the Caribbean’. To some people he is a hero, to others he is a criminal of the sea.

In recent times, there have been many famous Welsh people: writers like

Dylan Thomas; actors like Catherine Zeta Jones and Anthony Hopkins, who played Hannibal Lecter in Silence of the Lambs; politicians like Aneurin Bevan, who began the National Health Service in the UK. Richard Burton was the first world famous Welsh actor; he married Elizabeth Taylor and they starred together in Cleopatra.

Shirley Bassey grew up in Tiger Bay, which was then the dangerous port area of Cardiff. She has had a long career in show business since she began performing in 1953. She is famous for singing the title songs for three James Bond films: Goldfinger, Diamonds are Forever and Moonraker.

Summing up

1)Correct the mistake in each sentence.

1.50% of people in Wales know Welsh well.

2.Black laverbread is a type of Japanese bread.

3.The national park is called Snowdonia because it snows a lot there.

4.Portmeirion is an Italian village where a lot of Welsh people live.

5.Llewellyn’s dog killed his baby son.

6.Richard Burton played Hannibal Lecter in Silence of the Lambs.

7.Swansea is the capital of Wales.

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2) Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space.

THE ISLE OF ANGLESEY

Anglesey is an island near the north-west coast of Wales. In the Middle Ages, people called the island ‘the Mother of Wales’ because the farms provided

so (1)	............. food. There is an old castle on Anglesey in the town of Beaumaris.
(2 ) ............	was built by King Edward I after he defeated the Welsh princes. (3 )
............	important town on the island is Holyhead; ferries go (4 ) .............		here to
Ireland. There is a famous village in Anglesey. It has the longest name of any
place in the United Kingdom. (5 ) .............		name is

LIanfairpwlIgwyngylIgogerych-wyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch*. It was invented (6 ) ............ the nineteenth century to attract tourists! Local people call it LlanfairpwII (7 ) it is easier to say.

* This name means in English: ‘The church of St. Mary in a hollow of white hazel near a rapid whirlpool and near St. Tysilio’s church by the red cave’.

1	A many	B more	C very	D much
2	A He	B It’s	C It	D Its
3	A Other	B Extra	C Another	D Second
4	A from	B after	C on	D between
5	A It’s	B Its	C His	D Their
6	A by	B in	C on	D while
7	A during	B but	C why	D because

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SEMINAR 7

NORTHERN IRELAND. THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

Plan

1.Historical reference

2.Basic facts

3.Symbols

4.Music and dance

5.Food

6.Famous places

1.HISTORICAL REFERENCE

Read and translate the text.

In 1801 the whole of Ireland became part of the United Kingdom, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

After years of civil war, Ireland became a republic in 1921. At this time, Britain negotiated with Ireland to keep the six counties in the north-east of Ireland. These six counties now make up what is known as Northern Ireland. The southern part of the island is the Republic of Ireland, or Eire.

The current name of the UK, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927.

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2. BASIC FACTS

• Capital: Belfast

Watch the video about the sights of Belfast and write down their names (7.1).

•Area: 14,139 km²

•Population: 1,500,000 people

•Language: English, Gaelic

•Major cities: Belfast, Londonderry, Lisburn, Newtonabbey, Bangor, Craigavon

•Currency: the British pound sterling

•Highest point: Slieve Donard mountain 848 m (2782 ft)

•Longest river: River Bann 129 kilometres (80 miles)

•Largest Lake: Lough Neagh - 151 square miles (392 km²)

•Northern Ireland is subdivided into 6 counties: Antrim, Armagh,

Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Tyrone

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•Capital: Dublin

•Area: 70,273 km2

•Population: 4,761,865 people

•Language: Irish, English

•Major cities: Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway, Waterford, Swords

•Currency: Euro

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3. SYMBOLS

Compare the symbols of Northern Ireland and those of the Republic of Ireland.

The national	flag of Northern The national flag of the Republic of
Ireland.	Ireland.

The patron saint of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is St. Patrick.

St. Patrick’s Day: March, 17, the Irish national day.

The national flower of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is a shamrock.

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The coat of arms of Northern

The coat of arms of Ireland

Ireland

Listen to the audio about St. Patrick’s day. Fill in the gaps with the missing words (7.2).

St. Patrick is the patron saint and national apostle of Ireland. He was born in the …………….. century and is famous for bringing Christianity into Ireland. St. Patrick’s Day is a very ………………….. Irish national holiday, which is celebrated not only in Ireland but all around the world. It falls on the 17th of March.

What Do People Do on St. Patrick’s Day?

St. Patrick’s Day is celebrated world-wide with people ………………….. and singing in Irish pubs, watching the St. Patrick’s Day parade, drinking ‘green’ beer, wearing ………………. clothes and just generally having a good time. Children in Ireland have a tradition of pinching their friends who don’t wear green on this day!

Traditional Food and Drink on St. Patrick’s Day

Bacon and …………………. is what most people have on this day. Another popular dish is Irish soda bread and potato pancakes. Irish pub owners go crazy on this day, putting green food …………………………. into their beers and traditional Irish Guinness Stout is a sell out in all Irish pubs! People also drink lots of Irish coffee, which is made with warm whiskey, sugar, coffee and topped off with cream. Sounds ……………………? It is!

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4. MUSIC AND DANCE

Have you ever heard anything about Irish traditional dance “riverdance”? Watch the video and characterize it using as many adjectives as possible (7.3).

In many countries traditional music has died out, but not in Ireland. The love for typical Irish music is still very strong. Irish dancing is also popular and the show Riverdance was an international success. There are also many Irish rock and pop stars. Have you heard of U2 (they have sold over 170 million CDs), Boyzone, Westlife, Enya or Van Morrison?

5. FOOD

Read the following text. Find the recipe of Irish stew.

You can eat well in Ireland; there is fresh fish and seafood from the lakes and the ocean, and fresh meat and vegetables from the farms. The national dish, Irish stew, is made from lamb, potatoes, onions, carrots and parsley.

The Irish are even more fond of drinking tea than the English, and an average Irish person drinks six cups a day.

6. FAMOUS PLACES

Read the text about famous Irish places of interest. Decide if each statement about famous Irish places is correct or incorrect.

1) There are three famous modern bridges in Dublin.

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2)Dublin Post Office is connected to the Easter Rising.

3)The Book of Kells is over 1,000 years old.

4)Belfast is the capital of Ireland.

5)The Giant’s Causeway was built a long time ago.

6)The west coast is one of the most beautiful areas in Ireland.

7)Trout live in the Lakes of Killarney.

8)There are two very tall round towers in Ireland.

Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland. It is a beautiful city with Georgian buildings, a castle, art galleries and a famous theatre, the Abbey Theatre. The River Liffey passes through the centre of Dublin, and there are many famous bridges such as O’Connell Bridge, Ha ’penny Bridge and the modern Millennium Bridge. In 1916 there was The Easter Rising in Dublin. This was a part of the revolution by Irish Republicans against the English. Some of the Republicans organized the revolution from inside the Post Office and you can still see the bullet holes in the stone.

Trinity College, Dublin, is the most important Irish university, like Oxford or Cambridge in England. In the library you can see the Book of Kells, a beautiful book that is more than 1,200 years old. The book contains parts of the Bible. The detailed pictures were painted by Irish monks.

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In the walls of Blarney castle near the city of Cork is an ancient piece of bluestone called the Blarney Stone. People believe that if you kiss the stone you will start to speak very well. But to reach the stone you have to hang down from the top of the castle wall and put your life in danger! Nowadays, there are rails to keep you safe and many tourists come to ‘kiss the Blarney Stone’.

The west coast of Ireland on the Atlantic Ocean is famous for its great beauty. In the south-west of Ireland, the Lakes of Killarney are in a ring of mountains. The lakes are a good place to eat the local fish, called trout.

In many places there are very tall round towers. The most famous ones are at the Rock of Cashel and at Glendalough. They were built in the Middle Ages and the tallest is forty metres high.

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The Giant’s Causeway is on the east coast of Northern Ireland. It was formed naturally 50-60 million years ago by a volcano. There are about 40,000 columns of rock which look like a man-made road. There is a legend which says that an Irish giant made this type of bridge by throwing rocks in the sea so that he could cross to Scotland to fight a Scottish giant.

	Summing up
	Read the text. In each space write one or two words.
	Ireland is a green and beautiful land. Its national dish is (1).....			.............. and
its national sport is (2)		........................ . Traditional Irish music and dancing is
popular; the show (3 ) ........		............ was successful	all over the	world. (4 )
......*	.............. is the capital of Northern Ireland and (5) .........		is the capital of Eire.

There are many interesting places in Ireland; one of these is (6)………………… .

Tourists come here to kiss a special stone. Saint (9) ..................	is the national
saint of Ireland. There are special parades all over the	world on 17th
(10)................... .

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SEMINAR 8

BRITISH MONARCHS

ROUND TABLE

Plan

1.King Arthur

2.William the Conqueror

3.Richard I

4.Henry VIII

5.Mary I

6.Elizabeth I

7.James I

8.George III

9. Victoria

10.Elizabeth II

Many great and not so great Kings and Queens have ruled Britain over past 1 000 years. Some became famous for their achievements, some for their lifestyle, some left no trace in history at all. The following video will tell us about the reasons for Britain’s having monarchs (8.1). On watching it, enumerate these reasons.

Let’s listen to your groupmates’ reports about some of the most famous and interesting British Monarchs. The purpose of your report is to prove that the monarch you are going to speak about is the most influential one in the history of the UK.

The decisions these Kings and Queens made, the steps they took often had a profound effect on Britain and helped make the UK the way we know it today.

Here is the list of British Monarchs.

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The Anglo-Saxons

Reigned from the 5th century AD to 1066

Alfred the Great and other kings

The Normans

Reigned 1066-1154

William I, William II, Henry I, Stephen

The Angevins

Reigned 1154-1216

Henry II, Richard I, John

The Plantagenets

Reigned 1216-1399

Henry III, Edward I, Edward II,

Edward III, Richard II

The Lancastrians

Reigned 1399-1461

Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI

(Henry VI restored in 1470 but deposed again in 1471)

The Yorkists

Reigned 1461-1485

Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III (Edward IV deposed in 1470, restored in 1471)

The Tudors

Reigned 1485-1603

Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI,

Jane Grey, Mary I, Elizabeth I

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The Stuarts

Reigned 1603-1649

Monarchy abolished in 1649, restored in 1660

Stuarts reigned 1660-1714

James I, Charles I

Charles II, James II,

William III and Mary II, Anne

The Hanoverians

Reigned 1714-1901

George I, George II, George III,

George IV, William IV, Victoria

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

Reigned 1901-1910

Edward VII

The Windsors

Reigned 1910-Today

George V, Edward VIII, George VI, Elizabeth II

1. King Arthur

King Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defense of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.

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2. William The Conqueror (1066 - 1087)

First of all he was not English at all.

William was born in France and became friendly with the current English King, Edward. He attacked and invaded England on Edward's death. English Army was defeated by Willliam at the Battle of Hastings. King William was the 1st King to have been crowned at Westmister Abbey which has been the site of all coronations ever since. King William also started the Domesday Survey, which was a huge record of England and its people. The Domesday book was the first national census.

William The Conqueror made Westmister Abbey an important symbol of Monarchy in Britain

3. Richard I (1189-1199)

Richard I was a very brave fighter and had earned the nickname Cœur de Lion (the Lionheart) even before he became king. Unfortunately all that bravery in battle came at a cost: Richard spent less than a year of his 10-year reign as King of England actually in England! Some say that England was sadly neglected in his absence.

As soon as he had been crowned he set off on a Crusade to the Holy Land. He won several battles but failed to take Jerusalem and instead negotiated a truce with Saladin, the Islamic leader.

Setting out to return to England to stop a rebellion by his

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brother John, Richard was captured by the Emperor Henry

VI and was held prisoner for 3 years until a large ransom had been paid.

When he was free, Richard went straight to France to win back the territory that the French King had seized while Richard was in captivity. He won but was injured and died in France of his wounds.

4. Henry VIII (1509 - 1547)

Some say he is the most well known King of England.

Famous for having 6 wives 2 of whom he accused of infidelity and beheaded.

His greatest achievement, which had a considerable impact on Britain, however, was severing ties with Vatican and converting his country to Protestantism. One of the most important reforms in the history of Britain, it led to numerous conflicts between the Catholics and the Protestants for the next 200 years.

5. Mary I (1553-1558)

Mary I was the eldest daughter of Henry VIII. Her mother was his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.

When her half-brother Edward VI died, Lady Jane Grey very briefly became Queen, but Mary I rode into London and assumed the throne 9 days later. Mary was initially very well thought of by the people of England. However her marriage to the Roman Catholic Philip of Spain was very

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unpopular.

A staunch Roman Catholic herself, Mary restored England to the Catholic faith and in the process burned many enemies of her Church at the stake, earning the nickname Bloody Mary.

Calais, England’s last possession in France was lost to the French in 1558. Mary I is believed to have said on her death bed: “When I am dead and cut open, they will find Philip and Calais inscribed on my heart”.

6. Elizabeth I (1558 - 1603)

Elizabeth I is also known as The Virgin Queen. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn and succeeded her half-sister, Mary I, to the throne. After many turbulent years, her long reign gave some muchneeded stability to England.

She never married, had no children.

Elizabeth was a Protestant and England became a Protestant country again. This led to war with Spain and in 1588 the Spanish Armada was famously defeated off the coast of England.

Elizabeth was the last of the Tudor rulers.

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7. James I (1603 - 1625)

King James I was the first ruler to call himself King of

Great Britain, as he ruled England, Scotland and Wales. King James was the first King of Great Britain. During King James I reign the gun power plot was foiled. Guy Fawkes, and his friends (who were all Catholics) tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill the King to convert the country back to the Catholicism. But they were captured and executed.

To celebrate the fact that King James I had survived the attempt on his life, a public holiday was established on November 5th. This holiday is still widely celebrated today with parties and fireworks around the UK.

8. King George III (1760-1820)

He was a grandson of George II and the first English-born and English-speaking monarch since Queen Anne. His reign was one of elegance and the age of some of the greatest names in English literature – Jane Austen, Byron, Shelley, Keats and Wordsworth. It was also the time of great statesmen like Pitt and Fox and great captains like Wellington and Nelson. In 1773 the ‘Boston Tea Party’ was the first sign of the troubles that were to come in America. The American Colonies proclaimed their independence on July 4th 1776. George was well meaning but suffered from a mental illness due to intermittent porphyria and eventually became blind and insane. His son ruled as Prince Regent after 1811 until George’s death.

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9. Victoria (1837 - 1901)

Queen Victoria is known for her part in the industrial revolution. The Queen took Britain and turned it into a rich, powerful and confident country.

Queen Victoria was the neice of William IV, and had just turned 18 before he died and she succeeded to the throne in 1830.

Victoria was married to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg- Gotha and they had 9 children. The “Victorian era” became known for its strong morality, industrial growth, cultural and scientific expansion, and the expansion of the British Empire. Queen Victoria was therefore the last of the House of Hanover to rule Great Britain.

She was the 1st Monarch to use Buckingham Palace as Official Royal Residence. All British Kings and Queens have worked at this Palace ever since.

10. Elizabeth II (1952-present)

Elizabeth Mary Alexandra, born in 1926, became

Queen Elizabeth II in 1952, and is adored all around the world.

Elizabeth became “heir presumptive” at age 10 in 1936 when her uncle, Edward VIII, abdicated and her father became George VI. Elizabeth became Queen of seven Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka).

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Like her parents, Elizabeth was heavily involved in the war effort during the Second World War, serving in the women’s branch of the British Army known as the Auxiliary Territorial Service, training as a driver and mechanic. Elizabeth and her sister Margaret anonymously joined the crowded streets of London on VE Day to celebrate the end of the war.

In 1947 she married Prince Philip and they have four children, Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward, and eight grandchildren, including Prince William and Prince Harry.

On 9th September 2015, Elizabeth became Britain’s longest serving monarch, ruling longer than her greatgreat grandmother Queen Victoria who reigned for 63 years and 216 days.

Summing up

To check your knowledge about British kings and queens do one small quiz (8.2).

As we have some time left, let’s watch a documentary film about British queens: Mary I, Elizabeth I (8.3).

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SEMINAR 9

HISTORICAL EVENTS IN THE UK

Plan

1.The Norman Conquest

2.The Hundred Years War

3.The War of Roses

4.English Civil War (1642– 1649)

5.World Wars I, II

6.Final UK quiz

1.THE NORMAN CONQUEST

Read the text and answer the questions about the historical event mentioned.

The death of Edward the Confessor caused strife because he (1) without an obvious heir. The question of who should follow him as king was one of the most important in English history. Edward had brought many Normans to his English court from France. These Normans were nor liked by the more powerful Saxon nobles, particularly by the most powerful family of Wessex, the Godwinsons. It was a Godwinson, Harold, whom the Witan chose to be the next king of England. Harold had already shown his bravery and ability. He had no royal blood, but he seemed to be a good choice for the throne of England.

Harold’s right to the English throne was challenged by Duke William of Normandy. William had two claims to the English throne. His first claim was that King Edward had promised it to him. His second claim was that Harold, who had visited William in 1064 or 1065, had promised William that he, Harold, would not try to take the throne for (2). Harold did not deny this second claim, but said that he had been forced to make the promise, and that because it was made unwillingly he was not tired by it.

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Harold was faced by two dangers, one in the south and one in the north. The Danish Vikings had not given up their claim to the English throne. In 1066 Harold had to march north into Yorkshire to defeat the Danes. (3) had he defeated them than he learnt that William had landed in England with an army. His men were tired, but they had no time to rest. They marched south as fast as possible.

Harold decided not to wait for the whole Saxon army, the fyrd, to gather because William’s army was small. He thought he (4) beat them with the men who had done so well against the Danes.

However, the Norman soldiers were better armed, better organized, and were mounted on horses. If he had waited, Harold might have won. But he was defeated and killed in the battle near Hastings. On 14 October 1066 William marched to London, which quickly (5) when he began to burn villages outside the city. He was crowned king of England in Edward’s new church of Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day, 1066. A new period had begun.

Elsewhere in England, the Normans ruthlessly suppressed all opposition, but in London William granted the City a charter guaranteeing to preserve the privileges it had enjoyed (6) Edward. However, as an insurance policy, William also built three forts in the city, of which the sole remnant is the White Tower, now the nucleus of the Tower of London. As a further precaution, he also established

(7) castle, a day’s march away at Windsor, and, like his predecessor, Edward, based the Court at Westminster. Over the next (8) centuries, the City waged a continuous struggle with the monarchy for a degree of self-government and independence. After all, when there was a fight over the throne, the support of London’s wealth and manpower could be decisive. In 1191 when the future King John was tussling with William Longchamp over the kingdom during the absence of Richard the Lionheart, it was the Londoners who made sure Longchamp remained cooped up in the Tower. For this particular favour, London was granted the right to elect its own sheriff, or mayor, an office that was officially acknowledged in the Magna Carta of 1215.

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Choose the right form:

1.	a) deid		b) dyed	c) died
2.	a) himself		b) him	c) his
3.	a) No longer		b) No sooner	c) No more
4.	a) could		b) can	c) is able to
5.	a) gave away		b) gave in	c) gave back
6.	a) under		b) in	c) for
7.	a) other		b) another	c) the other
8.	a) a little		b) a few	c) few
	Retell the text.
		2. THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR

The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) was actually a series of wars between England and France which lasted 116 years. Most historians break this conflict into four distinct wars.

1. Anglo-French War (1337-1360)

3.Anglo-French War (1369-1373)

4.Anglo-French War (1412-1420)

5.Anglo-French War (1423-1453)

Watch the film about the Hundred Years War and write down the sequence of events. Try not to miss all the important periods of the war (9.1).

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3. THE WAR OF THE ROSES (1455-1485)

Watch a short documentary about the war of the roses and decide if each sentence is true or false (9.2).

1.The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars between England and Scotland.

2.The War of the Roses took place in the XVII century.

3.The House of York and the House of Lancaster wanted to get the throne.

4.In the end of the war both family lines ended.

5.The war lasted 100 years.

6.The symbol of the house of Lancaster was the red rose and that of the house of York – the white rose.

7.Henry Tudor was from the House of York.

8.Richard III defeated Henry and seized the English crown.

9.The house of York united with the house of Tudor.

10.The Princess Elizabeth became the Queen of England after the war.

4. ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1642 – 1649)

Read the text and name each paragraph. Make notes of English Civil

War.

1. ___________________________________________________________

The Civil War of England (1642-1649) is one of the most remarkable and important events in the history of England. The monarchy and the popular will were in open conflict for the first time. During this war the King was defeated and then executed. The parties that contended were the Royalists and the Puritans. The former was on the side of the King. They were also called the Cavaliers. They consisted of the nobility and the gentry. The Catholics also sided with the Royalists in large numbers.

2. ___________________________________________________________

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The nature of this war was dual. This was a religious and a political war. The Puritans and the Parliament united against the King and condemned his interference in the religious affairs. Both the Parliament and the Puritans were dissatisfied, as the King did not care for the existence of either. The Parliament along with the Puritans combined to dispute the King’s authority to lay down the law in Church and State. The main issue at stake was whether sovereignty resided in the King alone, or whether both the King and Parliament should share power. This discontentment broke out into an open struggle between the King, on the one hand, and the Parliament, on the other. This came to be known as the English Civil War or the Puritan Revolution.

3.___________________________________________________________

In 1642 AD the Parliament placed before the King a proposal known as “Nineteen Propositions”. This ultimatum was delivered to the King on June 1, 1642. He refused to accept the terms of the proposal. The parliament wanted the sole command of the military forces. This was contrary to English law and Charles I refused to agree to this enactment. As Charles would not surrender his control over the army, the rupture was complete. Charles raised his troops and set up his standard at Nottingham as a signal that the Civil War had begun.

4.___________________________________________________________

The English Civil War had two phases: Phase I from 1642 - 1646; Phase II from 1646 – 1649. At the foot of Edge Hill a heated battle was fought. In this battle, the Royalists gained a victory but they could not gain London. Again at Chalgrove Field, the parliamentary army was beaten and John Hampden, one of main rebels against the king was killed. The Royalist forces won on behalf of the Parliament at other places too. Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the parliamentary forces set up an association of eastern counties. They formed a new army “Ironsides”. At the battle of Marston Moor the royal army suffered heavily. A self-denying ordinance was passed. By this members of Parliament resigned their commands in the army and were replaced by experienced soldiers. Cromwell retained command over this

army. This army was the “New Model”.

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5.___________________________________________________________

King Charles I took the advantage of the confusion between the Parliament and the army. He refused the demands of both. Attempting to take advantage of the political turmoil, the Scots invaded England. They were routed at the battle of Preston (August 1648). The second Civil War made Cromwell an undisputed leader of the masses. Nobody dared to oppose Cromwell. Now the nation was at the mercy of Cromwell and his army. Charles I was punished for his incurable duplicity. After a formal trial in 1649 Charles I was accused of treason and was executed, on January 30, 1649. He was beheaded before the White Hall. Cromwell called the execution of Charles I as a “Cruel necessity”. However, the last words of Charles were: “For the people truly I desire their liberty and freedom as much as anybody whatsoever, but I must tell you their liberty and freedom consists in having that government, those laws by which their lives and their goods may be most their own. It is nothing appertaining to them. A subject and a sovereign are clearly different things”.

6.___________________________________________________________

The people were stirred deeply due to the King’s execution. Sympathy was aroused for this monarch and the entire monarchy. Besides this some even viewed Charles I as “martyr”. There was a total breakdown of the constitution. The Commonwealth was established. Oliver Cromwell now established army rule. This Commonwealth was to be administered by a Council consisting of 41 members, who were Puritan supporters of Oliver Cromwell.

7.___________________________________________________________

This Civil War has great historical importance. In this war the people of England i.e. the Parliament won. This proved that the ultimate power rests with the people. This marked the end of the concept of the Divine Rights of the King. Absolute monarchy ended in England.

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5.WORLD WARS I, II

Compare Britain’s status in the World Wars I and II according to the following plan.

№	characteristics	World War I	World War II
1.	Allies
2.	Fears
3.	Plans
4.	Actions
5.	Results

Summing up

Put the following historical events into chronological order.

a)Construction of Hadrian’s Wall begun, from the Tyne to the Solway Firth.

b)Declaration of American Independence.

c)Defeat of the Spanish Armada.

d)Duke William of Normandy defeats and kills King Harold and becomes king of England.

e)English capture of Calais.

f)Gunpowder Plot of Guy Fawkes.

g)Magna Carta; civil war in England.

h)Mrs. Thatcher succeeded as Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party by John Major.

i)Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India.

j)The Great Fire of London.

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6. FINAL UK QUIZ

Answer the questions about the UK.

Section One: Geography

1)What is the name of the sea on the east coast of Great Britain?

2)What is the tallest mountain in the UK?

3)What natural feature was formed by volcanic action?

4)In which country is the Lake District?

5)Which UK islands are closer to France than to England?

6)In which country is Snowdonia?

7)What is the second largest city in Wales?

8)Where are the Lakes of Killarney?

Section Two: Customs and languages

1)When is Guy Fawkes Night?

2)Where would you see someone tossing the caber?

3)What is Geordie?

4)According to a legend, what did St Patrick remove from Ireland?

5)Which flower is the national symbol of Wales?

6)What is the English translation of ‘Shwmae’?

7)What is the national song of Wales?

8)Who celebrates Hogmanay and when?

Section Three: People

What is the name of...

1)the last English king who was killed in battle?

2)the English king who had six wives?

3)the man who tried to kill King James I?

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4)the first Prime Minister to live at 10 Downing Street?

5)the owner of a dog called Gellert?

6)the Scottish leader who learnt a lesson from a spider?

7)the national saints of England, Wales and Scotland?

8)the first female Irish President?

Section Four: Places

Where is...

1)the cathedral where Thomas Becket was killed?

2)the Abbey Theatre?

3)the Scottish Parliament?

4)a stone that people come to kiss?

5)the Tynwald?

6)the Book of Kells?

7)Hadrian’s Wall?

8)the 2008 European Capital of Culture?

Section Five: Countries

Which country...

1)was called the Celtic Tiger?

2)experienced ‘the Troubles’?

3)fought with England during the Hundred Years War?

4)is now the home of the writer of Harry Potter?

5)had a queen called Mary who was beheaded in England?

6)sent a fleet of ships to invade England?

7)fought a War of Independence against England in 1857?

8)in the United Kingdom does not have its flag as part of the Union Flag?

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SEMINAR 10

THE USA

Plan

1.Geographical names

2.Symbols

3.Food

4.Sports

5.Music

6.Movies

7.Landmarks

8.Holidays

9.Famous people

1.GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-the Cordillera, Sierra Nevada, the Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains;

-the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean,

-Gulf of Mexico, the Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska;

-the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande; Great lakes; Niagara Falls;

-Mount McKinley; Grand Canyon;

-District of Columbia, Bahamas, California, Texas, Las Vegas;

-Washington, New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco.

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2. SYMBOLS

Watch the following video about American symbols. Speak about (10.1).

-American flag;

-Liberty Bell;

-Statue of Liberty;

-Bald eagle.

Do you know any other symbols of America?

3. FOOD

Everyone knows American fast food: hamburgers, hotdogs and French

fries.

Do you know how they are cooked? Share your ideas. Express your attitude to fast food.

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4. SPORTS

Listen to the audio track and fill in the gaps with the famous American games (10.2).

Sports are part of life in America. _______________________ is the national sport. Over 18 million people attended _____________________ games in 2010 and players’ salaries can be as high as 32 million dollars a year. For many Americans, _____________________ is an important part of the summer.

American __________________ is played in the autumn and winter. American ______________________is a bit like rugby, but the games are longer (sometimes up to 3 hours), the rules are more difficult and the play is tougher. This is why American ______________ players need so much protective gear.

Other important sports are _____________________, ________________

(this is called ‘__________________’ in North America) and

________________________ (which is usually only called ‘_____________________ ’ on this side of the Atlantic).

5. MUSIC

Look through the text about American music and summarize it.

Jazz began at the beginning of the 20th century in African American areas as a form of music that mixed European and African styles. Blues, another form of African American music, started in the southern states at the end of the 19th century.

In the 1950s rock and roll became popular, and now American rock and pop songs are heard almost everywhere. Early rock stars were Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry. Rap, or hip-hop, which uses spoken words against a strong beat, began in African American neighbourhoods in New York and Los Angeles in the late 70s and is now popular all over the world.

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6. MOVIES Read and translate the text about Hollywood.

What American films and cartoons do you know?

American movies are shown in cinemas all over the world, and most people know the faces of American stars. Hollywood is a neighbourhood in Los Angeles where people began making movies in 1909. Since that time American movies have made more money than any other country’s films. The biggest Hollywood films of the past twenty years have been Avatar (2009), which made roughly 7.6 billion dollars, Titanic (1998), with 6 billion, and The Dark Knight (2008) which made

approximately 5.3 billion.

Disney studios in Hollywood make children’s films. These movies have been part of people’s childhoods for years. This began with the first Mickey Mouse film in 1928 and continued to Wall-E the robot eighty years later in 2008 and beyond.

7. LANDMARKS

Watch the following video about American landmarks (10.3). Retell the main information about each place of interest mentioned. Which one would you like to visit first?

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8. HOLIDAYS

Look through the text and compare ways of celebrating Easter, Christmas and the New Year in America and in Russia. How many similarities and differences could you find out? Write them down.

Americans share three national holidays with many countries: Easter Sunday, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day.

Easter, which falls on a spring Sunday that varies from year to year, celebrates the Christian belief in the resurrection of Jesus Christ. For Christians, Easter is a day of religious services and the gathering of family. Many Americans follow old traditions of coloring hard-boiled eggs and giving children baskets of candy.

Christmas Day, December 25, is another Christian holiday; it marks the birth of the Christ Child. Decorating houses and yards with lights, putting up Christmas trees, giving gifts, and sending greeting cards have become traditions even for many non-Christian Americans.

New Year's Day, of course, is January 1. The celebration of this holiday begins the night before, when Americans gather to wish each other a happy and prosperous coming year.

Uniquely American Holidays

Read the text and find more information about American holidays such as Martin Luther King Day, Presidents' Day, Memorial Day, Columbus Day, and Veterans’ Day.

These holidays are uniquely American (although some of them have counterparts in other nations). For most Americans, two of these stand out above the others as occasions to cherish national origins: Thanksgiving and the Fourth of July.

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Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday in November. The holiday dates back to 1621, the year after the Puritans arrived in Massachusetts, determined to practice their dissenting religion without interference.

After a rough winter, in which about half of them died, they turned for help to neighboring Indians, who taught them how to plant corn and other crops. The next fall's bountiful harvest inspired the Pilgrims to give thanks by holding a feast. The Thanksgiving feast became a national tradition. To this day, Thanksgiving dinner almost always includes some of the foods served at the first feast: roast turkey, cranberry sauce, potatoes, pumpkin pie. Before the meal begins, families or friends usually pause to give thanks for their blessings, including the joy of being united for the occasion.

The Fourth of July, or Independence Day, honors the nation's birthday - the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. It is a day of picnics and patriotic parades, a night of concerts and fireworks.

Besides Thanksgiving and the Fourth of July, there are other uniquely American holidays: Martin Luther King Day, Presidents' Day, Memorial Day, Columbus Day, Veterans’ Day.

9. FAMOUS PEOPLE

Read the biographies of the most famous American people and say their names.

a successful businessman who controlled much of the US oil and railroad industries. His name became synonymous with wealth and economic power.

(1839 – 1937)

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(1899 – 1961)

(1901 – 1966)

(1926 – 1962)

(1942 – )

(1963 – )

American author and journalist. He wrote many classics of modern American literature, including ‘For Whom the Bell Tolls’

American film producer and creator of cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse. He pioneered the successful film portrayal of classic fairy tales, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

American actress / singer / model. She starred in several films and was the biggest star of her generation. She died in 1962 from a drugs overdose.

American Boxer and civil rights campaigner. He became undisputed Heavy Weight Champion of the world. His refusal to fight in Vietnam caused him to be banned from the sport. But, he came back, reclaiming his title.

Legendary basketball player. In a career spanning nearly 20 years, he won 6 NBA titles with the Chicago Bulls. He is widely considered the greatest basketball player of all time and his public profile helped raise the global image of the game.

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an American author, publisher and charismatic humorist.

He is considered by many to be the ‘Father of American Literature’ – his best-known novels are ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer‘ and ‘Adventures of Huckleberry Finn‘.

(1835-1910)

American pop singer. He became one of the best-selling artists of all time.

(1958 – 2009)

American pop singer. He helped to revolutionize

American pop music becoming an idol for millions in the 1950s and 1960s.

(1935-1977)

US business magnate, investor, television personality and

45th president of the US.

(1946 – )

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Summing up

1.For each question, mark the letters next to the correct answer – A, B, C or D.

Why did the colonists in America start a revolution?

A □ The wanted to pay less tax to England.

B □ The wanted to be independent.

C □ They were fighting against the native people.

D □ France, England, Holland and Spain were fighting.

What is one reason for the Civil War in America?

A □ People in the northern states did not accept slavery.

B □ Black people wanted to leave America.

C □ The native people of America were badly treated.

D □ Taxes all over America were too high.

What kind of music was started in America?

A □ Reggae and pop

B □ Classical and folk

C □ Jazz and rock and roll

D □ All of these

Which statement about Niagara Falls is true?

A □ It is still a very popular place to go for a honeymoon.

B □ It can only be reached by boat.

C □ It is on the border between the USA and Canada.

D □ It is the largest waterfall in the world.

2. Put the events in order. Write 1 next to the event that happened first, 2, for the event that happened next, and so on.

A) England took over the French colonies in Canada.

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B)Native people lived in America and Canada.

C)American colonists protested in Boston.

D)Europeans began to arrive in America and Canada.

E)Hurricane Katrina badly damaged the city of New Orleans.

F)Rock and roll was invented.

G)The Civil War began in America.

H)People began making movies in Hollywood.

I)America became independent from England.

J)The first Disney cartoon was made.

K)Jazz was invented.

L)Barack Obama became president.

SEMINAR 11

STATES AND CITIES

ROUND TABLE

Plan

1. Washington, DC

2. New York City

3. Texas

4. Arizona

5. Nevada

6. Louisiana

7. California

8. Florida

9. Pennsylvania

10.Illinois

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America has fifty states, and almost every state is the size of a country. Today we’ll try to learn something new about the most important states and cities of America by means of your reports. If some states are beyond your attention, consult the information below.

1. WASHINGTON, D.C.

Washington, DC, is the centre of government in America. ‘DC’ stands for ‘District of Columbia’, which does not belong to any state. In Washington DC you can find the White House, the Capital Dome, and sights such as the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.

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Watch the video about Washington (11.1) and answer the questions.

1)Where is Washington located?

2)What river runs through the city?

3)Who was the capital of the USA named after? What do you know about him?

4)What architectural building was Lincoln Memorial inspired by?

5)Who was the third US President? What talents did he possess?

6)Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?

7)In what war did Franklin Roosevelt govern the USA?

8)Where (name the monument) one can observe the guard on watch every day and night?

9)What monument is dedicated to the soldiers of the Korean war (19501953)? Describe it.

10)What style of government was modelled after the Romans?

11)What buildings symbolize each branch of the American government, i.e. Executive, Judicial and Legislative ones?

12)Which one is the oldest public building in Washington, D.C.?

13)How many justices make up the Court itself?

14)What building is the tallest one in Washington, D.C.?

15)What building is called the Jefferson building? Why?

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2. NEW YORK CITY

New York City is one of the world’s centres for art, fashion, shopping, food, education, sports and business. People call it ‘the city that never sleeps’ because it is always busy. People also say that you can find anything in the world in New York, at any hour of the day or night.

3. TEXAS

Texas is a huge state in the American South where twenty-five million people live. Many Westerns (movies with cowboys) are set in Texas.

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4. ARIZONA

Arizona is another southern state. It is home to the Grand Canyon, a deep 1,800 metre canyon which is visited by 5 million people every year. The views are unforgettable.

5. NEVADA

Las Vegas is a city in the middle of the Nevada Desert which is famous for bright lights and gambling.

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6. LOUISIANA

The city of New Orleans in Louisiana was once one of the most beautiful cities in America, and it has its own special culture, music and food. Unfortunately, it was damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and people are still working to repair it.

7. CALIFORNIA

California has the highest population of any state in the USA: 37 million. California is sunny and its beaches are famous. The city of Los Angeles, home of Hollywood, is here. San Francisco is also in California. It is known for its lovely buildings, great food, and steep hills.

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8. FLORIDA

Known as "The Sunshine State", Florida became a popular winter destination for the well-to-do from colder climates over a century ago. There are some of the world’s best-known theme parks, including Disney World, Universal Studios, Busch Gardens and SeaWorld.

9. PENNSYLVANIA

Pennsylvania is known as the Keystone State for its role in building the foundations of the USA - it is here that the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, was written. There are historic landmarks and attractions, from the Liberty Bell to the Valley Forge and Gettysburg battle sites.

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10.ILLINOIS

Illinois is nicknamed the “Prairie State” because the region once had many treeless plains covered with tall grass. Illinois is also known as the land of Lincoln because Abraham Lincoln began his political career in the state. The world’s first skyscraper, the ten-story Home Insurance Building, was built in Chicago in 1885.

Summing up

Work with a friend. You both have one week to explore America. You have all the money you need, but you must stay together. This means you have to agree on which places you will visit, how long you will stay, and what you will do there. Fill in the schedule.

Place

Things to see and do

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

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SEMINAR 12

CANADA

Plan

1.Geographical names

2.Symbols

3.Music

4.Food

5.Sports

6.Holidays and celebrations

7.Canadian values

8.Famous places

1.GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean;

-the Labrador Sea; Hudson Bay;

-Erie, Superior, Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake;

-the St. Lawrence River, the Columbia River, the Fraser, the Mackenzie;

-Baffin Island, Victoria Island, Ellesmere Island;

-Canadian Rockies, the Coast Mountains;

-Mount Meager massif, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley massif, the Mount Edziza volcanic complex;

-Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Quebec, Vancouver.

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2. SYMBOLS

Read the data about Canadian symbols and memorize them. What can you add?

• The national flag of Canada.

Canada’s current flag was proclaimed in 1995 after 2000 public design entries were hotly debated in parliament. In the centre of the flag there is a red sugar maple leaf, Canada’s best known symbol. The side bars represent the ocean boundaries and are not blue.

• Canada's Motto

"A Mari usque ad Mare" (From sea to sea) is based on biblical scripture: "He shall have dominion from sea to sea and from the river unto the ends of the earth (Psalm

72:8)". It was proposed as the motto for the new design of the coat of arms, which

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was approved by Order in Council on April 21, 1921 and by Royal Proclamation on November 21, 1921.

• The national anthem. (12.1)

When Canada was officially formed by Confederation in 1867, Canada was still very much a British colony and therefore used the well-recognized God Save the Queen as its national anthem. Today, Canada's official national anthem is O Canada. It was written in 1880 by Calixa Lavallee (music) and Judge AdofpheBasile Routhier (words). In 1908 Robert Stanley Weir wrote the translation on which the current English lyrics is based. It was July 1st, 1980 that O Canada was declared National Anthem of Canada.

• The coat of arms of Canada.

3. MUSIC

Read the text about Canadian music and correct the spelling mistakes. There are 15.

Music in Canada has sean many divelopments in styles alone the way. Many rock groops or musicians from Canada have even made a mark on the global mep. From folk music to alternative rock, Canadian music continies to entertein people. The diverse styles are also a result of the mix of caltures. The 1980s was

particularly considered an impotant period as pop and rock music florished. This

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was also a time when the midia influenced the popularity and sprad of music. Music videos halped to popularize traks amongst people. In the resent times, Caribbean music has found quite a fan folowing in Canada.

4. FOOD

Get acquainted with the traditional Canadian dishes. Which of them would you like to taste first? Why?

Poutine

French fries generously slathered in gravy and cheese curds — is a classic Canadian treat that is said to have originated in Quebec in the 1950s. Since then, it has been adapted in many weird and wonderful ways from gourmet versions with lobster and foie gras to — believe it or not — a doughnut version. It's also inspired a crop of trendy “poutineries” and a “poutition” to make it Canada's official national dish.

Maple Syrup

What could be more Canadian than syrup that comes from the maple tree, whose iconic leaf has come to symbolize Canada and its national pride? Quebec is the largest producer of maple syrup in the world, accounting for about 75 to 80 percent of the supply. Maple syrup — recently elevated to

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"superfood" status — is a classic sweet topping on pancakes and waffles. Still, that hasn't stopped some people from thinking of surprising savoury pairings such as maplebacon doughnuts.

Bacon

It's no secret that Canadians are obsessed with bacon. The delicious cured pork product can be made oh so many ways, including ever popular strip bacon and pea meal bacon, often referred to as "Canadian bacon" abroad.

Butter Tarts

A butter tart is a classic Canadian dessert made with butter, sugar, syrup and eggs — filled in a buttery pastry shell, and often includes either raisins or nuts. They can be runny or firm — so it's hard to mess them up when you're baking. Also, they never seem to go out of style.

Beaver Tails

or Queues de Castor in French, is a famous trademarked treat made by a Canadianbased chain of pastry stands. The frieddough treats are shaped to resemble real beaver tails and are often topped with chocolate, candy, and fruit.

5. SPORT

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Read and translate the text about sport in Canada. Do you know its most famous kind of sports?

Sports are very popular in Canada, from both a participation and spectator standpoint. Canadians hold many sports dear, particularly the country’s two national sports: ice hockey and lacrosse.

Referred to as simply “hockey” in Canada, ice hockey is the most popular and prevalent winter sport activity, and Canada’s most successful sport in terms of international competition. Many Canadian boys (and some girls) learn hockey at a very young age. Competitions are held for almost every age group, including high school and college, where participants dream of one day skating for their favorite team in the National Hockey League (NHL), which draws millions of Canadians spectators each year.

Similar to hockey, lacrosse is a sport with Native American origins and the official summer sport of Canada.

Canadian football is also popular in Canada, the second-most popular spectator sport in the country after hockey. Thousands compete in the Canadian Football League (CFL) each year, and its annual championship, the Grey Cup, is the country’s largest annual sports event.

Other sports gaining in popularity in Canada, particularly from a participation perspective, include Association football (soccer), golf, swimming, basketball, baseball, volleyball, skiing, cycling and tennis. As you might expect based on its colder climate, Canada has enjoyed greater success at the Winter Olympic Games than it has at the Summer Olympics.

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6. HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS

Look through the information below concerning Canadian holidays. Prepare a presentation about one of them.

The people of Canada enjoy a number of important holidays and celebrations. Some of these are uniquely Canadian, while others have their roots in English and French traditions. Some of the most significant holidays and celebrations include:

•Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Celebrated every August 15th by the Canadian religious group known as the Acadians, this feast day is one of the most important observances of their religious calendar.

•Boxing Day. Deriving its name from the 19th century English, Boxing Day occurs on December 26, when it was customary to give boxes or money to servants and family. The day used to be known as St. Stephen’s Day.

•Canada Day. Canada day is the celebration of the nation’s birthday. The first Canada day (once known as Dominion Day) was celebrated on July 1, 1867.

•Icelandic Festival. Also known as "Islendingadagurinn," the Icelandic Festival, a Viking-themed carnival day, has been celebrated in Canada since 1890.

•Remembrance Day. Celebrated every November 11th, Remembrance Day is a holiday designed to honor the war veterans of Canada who were lost during the two World Wars.

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7. CANADIAN VALUES

Look through the text and describe a typical Canadian. Use as many adjectives as possible.

Canada is a distinctive country. Its values and way of life influence every person who comes to live there. At the same time, newcomers influence Canada and its collective identity. Canadians may have differences, but they share many important qualities that strengthen the society.

Optimism. Canada is a dynamic and democratic country. Canadians work to improve their lives and society. Some people face greater hardship than others, but most Canadians have faith and hope for the future.

Compromise and Cooperation. Most Canadians understand the value of compromise. In a country as large and diverse as Canada, people must be able to ignore small conflicts in order to live happily and peacefully.

Acceptance, Tolerance and Respect. Most people in Canada want fairness and justice for themselves and their families. And most are fair and just to others, no matter who they are or where they come from.

Some people may tell you that there is no racism in Canada. Others may say that racism is a very serious problem. The truth lies somewhere between. Some Canadians may make you feel unwelcome. However, the majority of Canadians are fair-minded. They will accept and respect anyone who accepts and respects them.

Ambition and perseverance. Canadians understand that effort and discipline are usually rewarded. Canada is an economically stable country. However, unemployment and poverty exist and can affect anyone. People who were born in Canada - as well as newcomers - compete for jobs and work hard to succeed.

Individualism. Canadians believe that each person is responsible for his or her own success or failure. Canadians let people live as they wish, as long as they do not limit how others live.

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Civil Responsibility. Canadians appreciate their rights and freedoms. Most also want to contribute to the society. As a newcomer you should be aware of your rights and your responsibilities. The right to participate in Canadian society implies an obligation to help it succeed.

8.FAMOUS PLACES

Watch the following video and describe the most famous Canadian landmarks in brief (12.2).

Summing up

True or false?

1.The first people саmе to Canada from Siberia.

2.Canada is the largest country in the world.

3.The name 'Canada' comes from 'kanata', the First Nations word for village.

4.Canada has more lakes than аnу other country.

5.Тhеrе аrе more polar bears in Canada than in аnу other country оf the world.

6.Canada borders оn the United States оf America.

7.Canada’s most successful sport in terms of international competition is ice hockey.

8.Canada day is celebrated on June 1.

9.Canada is widely believed to be the home of Santa Claus.

10.The Ice Hotel, known as Hotel de Glace is created in Quebec every year.

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SEMINAR 13

THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

Plan

1.Geographical names

2.Symbols

3.Food

4.Hobbies

5.Famous places

6.Famous people

1.GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean;

-The Simpson Desert, Great Victoria Desert, Great Sandy Desert, Tanami Desert, Gibson Desert;

-The Murray, the Darling, Lake Eyre;

-Great Barrier Reef;

-Mount Kosciuszko, Mount Wellington;

-Canberra, Melbourne, Sydney, Darwin.

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2. SYMBOLS

Comment on each Australian symbol.

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3. FOOD

Look through the information about Australian food. How do you find it? Do you see anything strange in it?

You can find a lot of different kinds of food in Australia.

Vegemite is a dark brown paste which is produced from yeast extract. People spread it on toast. It has a bitter salty taste and many people who aren’t from Australia don’t like it.

But there are a lot of other kinds of food which are more popular with visitors. Seafood is part of Australian cooking.

People also enjoy Asian food. You can eat meat from kangaroos, although this is not something Australians would eat every day – a recent survey found that only 14.5% of Australians ate kangaroo meat more than four times a year. Crocodile and emu meat are also available, but aren’t widely popular.

Cooking food on a barbecue, or

‘barbie’ as Australians call it, is common. A barbecue on the beach is a great way to relax, and Australians do this often.

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4. HOBBIES

Read the text about Australians’ hobbies. What do we have in common?

Young Australians have a tradition of travelling. A flight from Australia to the nearest European city takes a long time sometimes over 24 hours. Because of this, young people who have finished university or high school often decide to go travelling and see the world before they settle down. They try to visit as many countries as possible. It is common to meet young Australians who travel for a year or more around Europe, North America, and the rest of the world, carrying nothing but a backpack.

Other activities are surfing, scuba diving, fishing, and playing sports. The most popular sports are cricket, rugby, and a special kind of football called ‘Australian Rules’. This game is a mix of soccer and rugby, and can be very tough.

5. FAMOUS PLACES

Watch the following video and write down the main information of each Australian landmark mentioned (13.1).

6. FAMOUS PEOPLE

Many Australians have become famous in other countries. There are pop stars like Kylie Minogue, bands such as the old favourite AC/DC and actors like Mel

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Gibson, Nicole Kidman, Hugh Jackman and Neath Ledger. You might remember movies which were set in Australia, like the Mad Max series from the 1980s, Babe (1995), or Strictly Ballroom (1993).

Make a short report about one of the famous Australian people.

Summing up

For each question, mark the letters next to the correct answer – A, B, C or D.

1)Most of the first people from Europe who came to Australia were

A □ rich people who had broken the law in England. B □ dangerous criminals from England.

C □ poor people who had broken the law.

D □ people who were looking for gold around Melbourne.

2)What happened when new animals were brought to Australia? A □ They formed new species of animals.

B □ They upset the balance of nature.

C □ They destroyed many species of cane toads.

D □ They helped to control insects or pests.

3)Why do young people from Australia travel for long periods of time?

A □ It takes a long time to leave Australia. B □ They see themselves as part of Europe.

C □ They don’t have enough money to travel more than once. D □ Australia is not a good place to live.

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SEMINAR 14

NEW ZEALAND

Plan

1. Geographical names

2. Symbols

3. Maori culture

4. Famous places

5. Holidays

6. Famous people

1. GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-the Pacific Ocean;

-the Cook Strait, Lake Taupo;

-the Waikato, the Clutha;

-the North Island, the South Island;

-the Southern Alps;

-Cape Reinga, Mount Cook;

-Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Nelson.

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2. SYMBOLS

Find the information about New Zealand symbols.

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3. MAORI CULTURE

The Maori have traditions and culture that are hundreds of years old. Their art, especially tattoos, uses detailed, complex patterns and strong colours.

When the New Zealand rugby team (they are called the All Blacks because of their team colours) play, they do a special war dance before each game called the kappa haka. This is an old Maori dance. They do this to frighten the other team. The All Blacks are very successful, so this must work!

Watch the following video about Maori culture and express your attitude to this culture (14.1).

4. FAMOUS PLACES

New Zealand is not only a wild place. Auckland, on the North Island, is the biggest city in New Zealand and is a modern city of many cultures. Wellington is a small city which is well known for its art and night life. Christchurch, on the South Island, is often called ‘The Garden City’ because of its parks. Unfortunately, Christchurch is badly damaged by earthquakes in 2010 and 2011.

Now imagine that you have one week to spend in New Zealand. What cities and places would you like to visit?

List your top three choices and explain why you have chosen these

places.

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№	place	Why?
1.
2.
3.

5. HOLIDAYS

Learn more about New Zealand festivities. Complete the table with the necessary information.

Many festivals are food and wine themed, some celebrate history and tradition while the majority fall into the categories of music, arts, culture and everything else which could be collected under the umbrella of lets-have-a-party- for-no-particular-reason. Events cover every mood - from the sombre to the totally bizarre - and January to December are particularly jam-packed as this is both midsummer and holiday time.

Here’s a quick run-down through the year of some of the biggest, the best and the alternatively interesting.

Fire in the Sky – Gisborne, North Island

When: 1st January

What better way to rattle the brain back into gear after New Year’s Eve excesses than a giant firework display. Set to music, Fire in the Sky has been running since 2001 and although its initial purpose might have been simply to get people aaaahhhing their way through a pyrotechnic display things have escalated since then. Expect a party vibe – if you still have any energy left.

Summerdaze – Queenstown and Wanaka, South Island

When: 1st - 30th January

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Why festival for a day or two when you could festival for the whole month. There is a bit of everything at Summerdaze with rodeos, triathlons, skateboard competitions and mountain biking for the energetically inclined or outdoor cinemas, a Teddy Bears’ Picnic and arts for those who like things a little more sedentary. And of course there is music.

World Buskers Festival – Christchurch, South Island

When: January

Fun runs through the core of this super-popular annual event in which Christchurch's green spaces and streets are colonised by troupes of musicians, acrobats, jugglers, fire show performers and comedians.

A Low Hum – Wellington, North Island

Month: February

The must-go-to music festival for all those fed up to the back teeth with the eternal queueing, full-on security and extortionate drink prices of the mega-festivals. This three week-long festival still has a distinct tone of under-the-radar and allows BYO alcohol.

The New Zealand Festival and the New Zealand Fringe Festival – Wellington, North Island

When: February and March

These two giant events both run for a three-week duration beginning in February and finishing in March with the Fringe first to kick off. The New Zealand Festival just happens to be New Zealand's longest running and biggest multi-arts festival. Prepare to be dazzled and enchanted by high quality non-stop internationally sourced offerings of music, theatre, dance and literature.

The New Zealand Fringe Festival also stakes its claim as a festival of arts but encapsulates and showcases the wonderful ethos of ‘fringe’ in the extreme. It is

one of the top ten things in the whole world to do in February according to the

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National Geographic and if you enjoy your arts sprinkled liberally with the original, the experimental and off-the-wall risky from a creative point of view this is the place to be. Every genre known to the world of performing arts is found here and it is highly possible you'll also find a few things which defy any kind of categorization at all. Performances of comedy, music, circus, puppetry, cabaret, busking and fair dollops of astonishing spring up all over Wellington in cafes bars, parks and in the street.

Homegrown Music Festival – Wellington, North Island

When: March

Another capital based festival, Homegrown has been going for ever and, as the name might suggest, is the venue where home-grown talent throws out beats of varying musical genre to get the crowds rocking. Typically scheduled for early March, Homegrown plays host to almost 60 acts across its 7 stages.

CubaDupa Street Festival – Wellington, North Island

When: March

This festival is the most shiny-new of all our listings here, born just one year ago in 2015. But if ever anything promised to become the next big thing this two day street festival is it.

Quirky and quintessentially Kiwi, Cuba Street and its myriad of alleys and laneways are the outdoor venue here and who knows where you might just happen upon some impromptu stage. CubaDupa’s spirit takes Cuba Street's well-loved alternative Bohemian vibe and party-time air and shapes it into solid form. During both day and night time hours might be heard musical performances from rooftops

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or streets. Restaurants and bars spill out into the streets while moving past, weaving around and sometimes situated bang in the middle you will find dance, circus, theatre, carnival, processions and magical vignettes.

Queenstown Winter Festival – Queenstown, South Island

When: June

Essentially an event to kick off Queenstown's ski season, the Winter Festival has morphed into something much more and which has appeal not simply for the snow-junkies but also for the party-animals and all kinds of fun seekers alike. Of course the Winterfest games are a focus for competing international snowboarders and skiers but also on the menu are live bands, parties a plenty, fireworks, hot-tub events and a film festival. The event runs for a week so you might need to pace yourself.

Mid-winter Carnival – Dunedin, South Island

When: June

Get yourself south on the shortest day of the year – around 21 June – for a party to chase away the winter chills. A carnival atmosphere pervades at this annual event which changes theme from year to year. Expect workshops, dancers, drummers, entertainment, sky-lantern releases and whatever else may have been dreamed up for this year’s party.

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Rhythm and Alps – Wanaka/Queenstown Region, South Island

When: December

New Year's Eve celebrations among some of the most beautiful scenery found in the country are the focus of this two day camping and music festival. Line-ups are typically impressive with both home sourced and internationally known acts.

Rhythm and Vines Music Festival – Gisborne, North Island

When: December

Gisborne is a fun place to be no matter what the time of year but it has a special significance over New Year when this three day event takes place. Thanks to its location with regard to world time it is THE first mainland place on the planet to see the sunrise so you get to say happy New Year before anyone else in the world. Your vineyard setting (hence the 'vines' part of the title) offers camping and bigname line-ups making up around 70 artists performing across 5 stages.

№	Name of the	date	place	characteristics
	holiday
1.
2.

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6. FAMOUS PEOPLE

Make a presentation about one of the famous people in New Zealand.

Famous New Zealanders include the writer Katherine Mansfield, the actor Russel Crowe, the comedy music group Flight of the Conchords and the film director Sir Peter Jackson, who directed The Lord of the Rings trilogy.

Summing up

Compare two English-speaking countries: New Zealand and Australia. List as many their similarities and differences as possible.

SEMINAR 15

AFRICA: SOUTHERN, EASTERN AND WESTERN

ROUND TABLE

Plan

I. SOUTHERN AFRICA

1.South Africa

2.Namibia

3.Botswana

4.Zimbabwe

5.Swaziland

6.Lesotho

II. EASTERN AFRICA

1.Kenya

2.Uganda

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3. Sudan

4.South Sudan

III. WESTERN AFRICA

1.Nigeria

2.Ghana

3.the Gambia

4.Liberia

5.Sierra Leone

Today our seminar is devoted to English-speaking Africa. Now we’ll try to learn something new about these African countries by means of your presentations. If some countries are beyond your attention, consult the table below.

№ country	its description
	SOUTHERN AFRICA

1.South Africa South Africa was established in 1909 and was a British

colony. Before this, native Africans lived here. There were also people from Holland, Germany, Belgium and France

– mainly Protestant farmers who settled in South Africa in the 17th century when the Dutch were trading in the area. They were called the Boers. The British began to be interested in this part of the world in the 19th century, especially after diamonds were found in 1867 and gold in 1884. Wars were fought between the British, the Boers and the native Africans over this land, and the British won. In 1931 South Africa became independent. There were three races in South Africa: Afrikaners, who were the descendants of the Boers, British people, and native Africans. The native Africans had the highest population

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and were the poorest. The system of Apartheid began in

1948 and continued until about 1990. Under this system white citizens lived separately from non-white citizens and whites had all the power. Nelson Mandela protested against Apartheid, and was put in prison by the government for 27 years. In 1990 Nelson Mandela was released and four years later he became the first Black president of South Africa. English is spoken in South Africa, along with a language called Afrikaans, which is the language of the Afrikaners and is very close to Dutch. South Africa has nine other official languages; all of them are native African languages. The English accent is special to this country and there are many odd slang words. South Africans who speak English might say ‘dankie’ for ‘thank you’ and ‘howzit’ for ‘hello’. Kruger National Park is over 20,000 square kilometres and has many wild animals and unique trees, including huge baobabs. Until it split in half in 2009, the largest baobab tree in the world, the Glencoe Baobab, was in Kruger Park. The trunk was 47 metres around and 16 metres across. (Now the largest Baobab is the Sunland Baobab, also in South Africa.) If you visit South Africa you could also ride an ostrich in the town of Oudtshoorn in the west or swim with penguins at Boulders Beach near Cape Town. In 2010 the FIFA World Cup, the world’s biggest soccer competition, was held in South Africa – the first time any African country had hosted the games. The 2010 World Cup was also known for the sound of vuvuzelas – long noisy horns. Some people who watched the games at home thought that their TV sets were broken because of the noise!

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2.Namibia English is also an official language in Namibia. Namibia

was a German colony from 1884 to 1915, when it was taken over by South Africa, and it did not gain independence from South Africa until 1990. The country covers over 800,000 square kilometres but has a population of about 2 million people, which is only 2.5 people for every square kilometre. Namibia is mostly desert; in fact, the sun shines here for about 300 days a year. Mining is very important to Namibia – the desert area along the coast is one of the richest places for diamonds on earth.

3.Botswana Botswana has a growing economy and a strong culture.

There are many parks to protect the animals that live there. There is Chobe National Park, which has the most elephants per square kilometre in the world, and there are also special parks for rhinoceroses and another one for flamingos. This is one of the only places in the world where you can still see large packs of African wild dogs. The Kalahari Desert covers 70% of the land here, and people are worried that the desert is growing. No one knows what this will to do the people or the animals of Botswana.

4.Zambia This country was once called Northern Rhodesia, after

Cecil Rhodes, who claimed the land for Britain in 1894. Today it still uses English as an official language. This country is on high plateaus of 900-1500 metres. Zambia and Zimbabwe share the beautiful Victoria Falls, the

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largest waterfall in the world. The falls are 1.6 kilometres wide and 800 metres high. Zambia is north of Zimbabwe. Most of the people there live in cities, especially the capital, Lusaka. Football is important to Zambians, and their team is very good. In 1996 they were 15th in the world, the highest ever for a team from southern Africa. People in Zambia all agree that the best team the country ever had was the 1993 team. Sadly, the team were all killed in a plane crash that year.

5.Zimbabwe Zimbabwe was once called Southern Rhodesia, after Cecil

Rhodes. It only became independent in 1980. It has many of the same problems as Zambia and other Southern African countries, especially with food shortages. The actions of its government, such as attacking its own citizens, controlling the media and the courts, and killing political opponents, have made other countries refuse to trade with Zimbabwe in the past, and this has made its problems worse.

6.Swaziland Swaziland is a small country which has its own traditions

and laws. It also has English as an official language, and it was a colony of Britain. Swaziland became independent from Britain in 1968. Swaziland is bordered by South Africa on three sides. It is a country of only 17,000 square kilometres, but you can find mountains, plains and rain forests here. Swaziland is also known for the tradition of the Reed Dance in August and September, when young girls cut reeds, present them to the King’s mother, and dance. But Swaziland has had problems recently. Many of

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the people are very poor. AIDS is also a terrible problem.

Half of all people aged 20-30 in Swaziland have this disease.

7.Lesotho Lesotho also has English as an official language, and it

was a colony of Britain. Lesotho became independent from Britain in 1966. Lesotho is another small country inside South Africa. It is sometimes called the Mountain Kingdom because it is located in the mountains; in fact, it is the only independent country which is all mountains. More than 75% of the land is at least 1,800 metres high. But Lesotho has had problems recently. Many of the people are very poor. AIDS is also a terrible problem. Almost a third of the population of Lesotho has this disease.

EASTERN AFRICA

8.Kenya The land of Kenya is made up of plains, plateaus, and

mountains. Mount Kenya is Africa’s second highest mountain. You can also see Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, in nearby Tanzania, from Kenya. Kenya is best known for its safaris, especially in Tsavo National Park. This park is 20,000 square kilometres. You can find elephants, lions, buffalos, leopards, and rhinoceroses, as well as cheetahs, giraffes, gazelles, hyenas, hippos and zebras here. There are also 500 kinds of birds. Visitors to Kenya make up an important part of its economy, and most of them come to see the country’s beautiful nature and animals. Kenya is also famous for coffee and tea, which bring a lot of money

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		to the economy. Kenya’s Maasai people are well known,
		though they are not a large part of the population. The
		Maasai are nomadic, which means they move from place
		to place and don’t have a permanent home. They wear
		colourful clothes and are well known for their dancing and
		their unusual jewellery. Kenyans are also famous for
		sports. They are among the best in the world at long
		distance and middle distance running. Kenya was Africa’s
		most successful country at the 2008 Olympics. Barack
		Obama, the American president, is part Kenyan. His father
		was from this country. Some other famous Kenyans are
		the writer Ngugi wa Thiong’o for his 1964 novel Weep
		Not Child, about Kenyan life under British rule, and
		Catherine Ndereba, a great athlete who won the Boston
		Marathon four times.
9.	Uganda	Uganda is often called ‘The Pearl of Africa’. Lake Victoria
		is on the Ugandan border. This lake is 68,000 square
		kilometres and is the largest lake in Africa and the second
		largest on earth, after Lake Superior, which lies on the
		border between Canada and the USA. For years Uganda
		was one of the poorest countries in the world, but its
		economy has improved recently and health care is also
		improving. But there are still problems – until recently
		there was terrible lighting in the north and children were
		often used as soldiers. There are also laws which are unfair
		to many Ugandan citizens.
10.	Sudan	Sudan became independent from Britain in 1956. Now it is
		rich in oil. Sudan is home to the ancient Nubian culture,
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which goes back thousands of years. Much of Sudan is made up of plains and is very dry. In the Nubian Desert sandstorms can block out the sun. Sudan has gone through wars with other countries and civil war. There are two main ethnic groups: Muslims in the north and Christians in the south. In July 2011 the country divided and South Sudan became an independent state.

11. South Sudan South Sudan, also called Southern Sudan, is a country located in northeastern Africa. Its rich biodiversity includes lush savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife. South Sudan is among the poorest and least-developed countries in the world. Almost four-fifths of its inhabitants depend on farming or animal husbandry for their livelihoods. South Sudan’s capital is Juba.

WESTERN AFRICA

12. Nigeria Nigeria has a high population; in fact, one in every four

Africans is Nigerian and 20% of all the Black people in the world live here. There are 36 states within Nigeria, and 521 languages are spoken here. The main religious groups are Muslims, who mainly live in the northern part of the country, and Christians, who live in the south. About half of the people in Nigeria live in cities. The biggest city is Lagos, with a population of 8 million. The economy of the country is growing quickly. Nigeria is also rich in oil, and there has been violence in the north, which is the part of the country where there is the most oil, as different ethnic groups have tried to take control of this valuable area.

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There has also been violence in the rest of the country over the past forty years as different ethnic groups and people of different religions have fought against each other. Nigerian culture goes back thousands of years, and in modern times it is still growing and changing. Nigeria has been called “The Heart of African Music”. There are hundreds of varieties of folk and pop music. The country is an important centre for the music business, as well as for TV stations and newspapers. Books by Nigerian writers are read by people around the world, especially Chinua Achebe, whose book Things Fall Apart (1958) was translated into 40 languages. As for sports, football is popular, and Nigeria’s football team, the Super Eagles, has taken part in the FIFA World Cup four times.

13. Ghana Ghana was once called ‘The Gold Coast’, and it became independent from Britain in 1957. Ghana has a lively culture and is known for singing and dancing. Making cloth is also important to the culture in Ghana, especially the cloth called kente. Different colours of this cloth mean different things, for example, yellow means ‘holiness’, blue means ‘peace’, red is for strong feelings and purple is for healing. The patterns of kente cloth are sometimes used to send messages or tell stories.

14. the Gambia The Gambia is a very small narrow country which is on the Gambian River. It covers only 10,000 square kilometres. In the past this country was the place where most slave ships sailed to America and other colonies. There was fighting in The Gambia in the 1990s when the

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government was taken over by the military. Now it is at peace, but it is a poor country.

15. Liberia The name for Liberia comes from the Latin word ‘liber’, which means ‘free’. The country was started by some American slaves after they became free. They decided that they didn’t want to live in America because of racism, and so they came to Africa to make a new life for themselves. Liberia is one of the few African countries that was never a colony of Europe. The Black people who came here in 1822 thought of themselves as Americans. The y chose a government that was like the system in America and their flag resembles the American flag. There have been terrible problems in Liberia because of civil wars which began in 1989 and lasted for many years. A group called Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace helped to stop these wars, and in 2003 there was peace. In 2005 Ellen Johnson Shirley became the first female president of an African country.

16. Sierra Leone Sierra Leone was a British colony for slaves from America who became free. English is spoken by 95 % of the population in schools and in business, but at home other languages, like Krio, which is a mix of English and native languages, are often spoken. From 1991 until 2001 there was civil war in Sierra Leone, and over 50,000 people were killed. Children were often used as soldiers. People on both sides of the war earned money from selling diamonds illegally, and this helped the war to continue for many years. Diamonds which were bought and sold in this

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way are called ‘blood diamonds. In 2005 the American rap star Kanye West wrote a song called Diamonds from Sierra Leone about this problem. In 2006 the film Blood Diamond, which was set in Sierra Leone, also told this story.

Summing up

1) Match the statements (1-12) with the countries they are about (A-G). You may use each country more than once.

A South Africa B Swaziland C Lesotho D Namibia E Zambia F Zimbabwe G Botswana

1.Afrikaans is spoken here.

2.This country is entirely in the mountains.

3.Victoria Falls is here.

4.The country is very large and the population is small.

5.This country is extremely rich in diamonds.

6.White citizens had more power than black citizens here for many years.

7.Tourists can ride ostriches and swim with penguins here.

8.Half of all people in their twenties here have a serious disease.

9.These countries were once named after an Englishman.

10.The sun shines for most of the year here.

11.This country is mostly covered by the Kalahari Desert.

12.It is probably the best southern African country at football.

2) Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Guinea;

-the Gambian River, the Niger;

-Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika;

-the Kalahari Desert;

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-The Victoria Falls;

-Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro;

-South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Lesotho, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana, the Gambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone;

-Cape Town, Lagos, Nairobi, Lusaka, Pretoria.

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SEMINAR 16

ISLANDS

ROUND TABLE

Plan

1.Jamaica

2.The Bahamas

3.Barbados

4.Bermuda

5.Malta

6.Hong Kong

Today we are going to continue our acquaintance with English-speaking countries by means of your presentations. If some islands are beyond your attention, consult the table below.

№ island

its peculiarities

1.Jamaica Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean, after Cuba

and Hispaniola, and it is one of the most famous. Jamaica was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1494. In the past it was a Spanish colony and a British colony. It became independent in 1962. Now 2.8 million people live here, most of them – descendants of Africans. Jamaica is very beautiful, with a mountain range called the Blue Mountains, and sandy beaches like Montego. Over 1.3 million people visit Jamaica every year.

English is an official language. But most people speak a kind

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		of English which is a mix of English and African words. It is
		called Jamaiсan Patois. In Patois, ‘gweh’ means ‘go away’,
		‘hush’ means ‘sorry’ and ‘wha gwaan’ is a greeting which
		means ‘what’s going on?’ You have probably heard of
		Jamaican music. Reggae music is especially famous. There is
		also ska, dancehall, and ragga. Bob Marley, who died in 1981,
		is the most famous reggae star from Jamaica. Other famous
		Jamaican musicians are
		Sean Paul, Grace Jones, and Shabba Ranks. Cricket is the
		number one sport. Jamaicans are also good at athletics,
		especially running, and regularly win medals at the Olympics.
		Now netball is the most popular sport in Jamaica for women.
		The Jamaican netball team, the Sunshine Girls, have been
		very successful. For a few years Jamaica had a bobsledding
		team, and they went the 1988 Olympics in Calgary, Canada.
		Bobsledding is a sport where you slided own ice in a special
		sled. This was very unusual because Jamaica has no snow!
2.	The	The Bahamas is a group of 29 islands. This was the first place
	Bahamas	Christopher Columbus found in 1492, when he was trying to
		reach India. During the 18th century it was common for
		pirates to come here, including the famous Blackbeard. The
		Bahamas became a British colony in 1718, partly because the
		British government wanted to restore order there and destroy
		it as a pirate base. Now the islands are quite rich and life is
		enjoyable. There is still a strong connection with Africa.
		Every year after Christmas there is a traditional African street
		parade with music and colourful costumes, called Junkanoo.
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3.Barbados Barbados is another rich island and a very popular place for

holidays. Every year there is a Crop Over festival at the sugar harvest with music competitions. Music is very important to Barbados, and the singer Rihanna is from there.

4.Bermuda Bermuda is a group of 181 islands. It is still a British territory.

Many of Bermuda’s beaches are actually pink, because of small sea animals whose shells are crushed into sand by the ocean. Bermuda is also known for a strange mystery called ‘The Bermuda Triangle’. Ships and planes disappeared in a part of the ocean which was close to Bermuda. Some people said that this was because of UFOs, but later scientists found that the ships and planes which disappeared were probably caught in storms.

5.Malta Malta is made up of three islands: Malta, Gozo and Comino.

Malta is the main island, and the most busy and modern one. Life on the island of Gozo is relaxed and there are many farms. People say that life on Gozo makes them think of the past. The island of Comino is famous for its Blue Lagoon, an area of bright blue water over white sand. Malta was an English colony from 1814 until 1964. Before this, Malta was important to European culture from the time of the Romans to the Renaissance. Many famous artists came to live here, including Caravaggio. It was also important to shipping and trade. Now Malta is a modern country with a strong economy. One way the islands make money is through the film business. Many movies have filmed scenes there, including, Gladiator (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2006), and Troy (2004). There

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are many customs and traditions. When a woman gets married, she walks through town with her friends and family who carry a canopy over her head. Important festivals are Carnival in February or March, which is a time of costumes, dancing and parades, and Manarja at the end of June, which is a celebration with great food and music.

6.Hong Kong Hong Kong is made up of Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon

Peninsula, the New Territories, and 200 islands. The largest of these is Lantau. Hong Kong became a British colony in 1842, after the first Opium War between Britain and China. It was returned to China in 1997, but it has its own laws which are different from the laws in the rest of China, and is a centre for business and culture. Hong Kong is only about a thousand square kilometres. Most of this land is mountainous. In fact, only about 25% of the land in Hong Kong has buildings on it. Over 7 million people live there, and Hong Kong’s population is still growing. What was Hong Kong’s solution? Build upwards! Hong Kong has the most skyscrapers of any city in the world. Many people live in tall apartment buildings and work on high floors in office buildings. At night you can see the results of so many people living close together. The night lights in Hong Kong are an amazing sight.

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Summing up

1) Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-Jamaica, the Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Malta, Hong Kong;

-the Atlantic ocean, the Caribbean sea;

-the Blue Mountains;

-the Kowloon Peninsula;

-Gozo, Comino;

-Kingston.

2)Match the statements (1-6) with the letter of the right island (A-F). You may use some islands more than once.

A Jamaica B Bermuda C the Bahamas D Barbados E Malta F Hong Kong Which island?

1)was returned to China near the end of the 20th century.

2)is the home of reggae.

3)still belongs to England.

4)Come here to see the Jankanoo street parade.

5)Several well-known Hollywood movies were filmed here.

6)It was common to find pirates here in the 18th century.

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SEMINAR 17

INDIA

Plan

1.Geographical names

2.Sports

3.Food

4.Clothes

5.Music

6.Films

7.Places

8.Festivals

1. GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean;

-the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, the Godavari, the Mahanadi, the Krishna;

-The Aravalli Range, the Thar Desert, the Himalayas, Nanda Devi;

-Kanchenjunga, Sikkim;

-Lakshadweep, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands;

-New Dehli, Delhi, Calcutta, Bombay.

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2. SPORTS

Read the text about Indian sport. Find the information about the rules of these games.

The most popular sport in India is cricket. In fact, many Indians feel more strongly about this game than the English do! Field hockey is also played by many people. Chess was invented in India, as a game called chaturnga in the 6th century, and it continues to be played today. There are also sports like kabaddi, which is a kind of team wrestling.

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3. FOOD

Read and translate the text about Indian food. How do you find it? What would you like to taste?

Indian food is made with hot spices like curry and chilli peppers and there is usually rice or lentils. You can find meat in Indian cooking, but many Indians are vegetarians.

Samosas are made with pastry which is wrapped around vegetables or meat and then fried.

There is also a soft flat bread called naan which people sometimes use instead of a knife and fork to pick up pieces

of food.

After a meal you might have a sweet rice pudding for dessert, or some chai, which is hot tea with spices like cinnamon and cloves and a lot of hot sweet milk.

Or you might cool down with a lassi, which is a mix of yoghurt, water or milk, and spices.

Breakfast might be flat bread, vegetables, and pickles.

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4. CLOTHES

Look attentively at the picture below. Try to describe male and female Indian traditional clothes in detail. Consult encyclopedias if necessary.

Traditional clothing for women is the sari. This is a long strip of colourful cloth which is wrapped around the body in different ways. There is usually a cloth which is worn over the head as well. Traditional clothes for men are a long loose shirt that hangs almost to the knees and loose light trousers.

5. MUSIC

Look through the text about Indian musical instruments. Listen to Indian traditional music. What do you imagine while listening to it? (17.1)

Music is part of India’s culture. Some traditional musical instruments are the sitar, a stringed instrument with a long neck,

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traditional bamboo flutes,

and many kinds of small drums which are played using hands and not drumsticks.

6. FILMS

Have you ever watched Indian films? Do you like them? Why?

What is Bollywood? Bollywood films are made in Mumbai in the Hindu language. In the past Mumbai was called Bombay, so the name Bollywood is a mix of Bombay and Hollywood. Many serious, realistic films have been made in Mumbai, but now Indian movies are famous for singing and dancing. In the past the dancing was traditional, but now it is common to mix traditional Indian dances with modern dance moves. There have been hundreds of American and British films which were made in India as well. Just a few are A Passage to India (1984), The Darjeeling Limited (2007), and Slumdog Millionaire (2008).

7. PLACES

Watch the video and write down the main sights of India (17.2).

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8. FESTIVALS

The colour and beauty of India is shown in its festivals. Two important festivals are the Hindu festivals of Diwali and Holi. Diwali lasts for five days in October or November. It is also called the festival of light. Every home is lit with small clay lamps, and there are fireworks in the sky. People hang flowers and mango leaves on their doors and windows and they give each other gifts. Holi is a spring festival of colours. People put coloured powder on each other’s faces and throw coloured water on each other. There are also street parades, folk songs and dances.

Watch the following videos about these two festivals. Find out differences and similarities between them. Which one do you like most? (17.3, 17.4)

SEMINAR 18

PAKISTAN

Plan

1.Geographical names

2.Food

3.Clothes

4.Music

5.Places

6.Festivals

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1.GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Point out the following geographical names on the outline map:

-the Himalayas, the Karakorum, and the Hindu Kush mountains;

-Lake Saiful Muluk,

-the Arabian Sea;

-the Indus River;

-Balochistan Plateau;

-the Thar Desert;

-Islamabad, Lahore.

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2. FOOD

Read and translate the text about food in Pakistan. Find more information about traditional food in this country. How do you find it? What would you like to taste?

Food in Pakistan is like Indian food, but with its own special flavours. Breakfast is usually eggs, flatbread or another kind of bread, fresh fruit and tea. In Punjab people may have mustard leaves and cornbread for breakfast.

3. CLOTHES

Look attentively at the picture below. Try to describe male and female traditional clothes in Pakistan in detail. Consult encyclopedias if necessary.

The traditional clothing of people in Pakistan is the shalawar qameez, which is worn by men and women. This is a long loose shirt over large loose pants, which are wide at the waist and narrow at the feet. Men’s shalawar qameez are usually in dark colours and have buttons in the front. Women’s have softer, brighter colours and may have pictures of flowers. Women usually cover their heads as well.

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4. MUSIC

Look at the Pakistan musical instruments. Match the certain musical instrument with its description.

Musical instrument	Its description
1) Shahnai	a)	a plucked, stringed instrument made of wood
		and a gourd, similar to a guitar. The gourd
		helps the sound of the strings resonate, or
		sound louder. The sitar is used frequently in
		traditional, religious, and popular music of
		Pakistan. It gained fame in the West after
		being introduced by popular performers like
		the Beatles and world-famous Ravi Shankar.
2) Harmonium	b)	a plucked lute with gut strings is the most
		distinctive instrument of northern Pakistan and
		Kashmir.

3) Dhol	c) a pair of hand drums that contrast in sound and
	size.	They are	among the most	popular
	percussion instruments used in Pakistani
	music—traditional, religious, and popular. The
	unique	sound	of the instrument is	often

digitized and loaded on synthesizers, making its sound recognizable in music around the world.

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4) Chimta	d)	a giant pair of two-foot fire tongs with a large
		iron ring at one end. It is played by clicking
		the open tongs together and slapping the heavy
		iron ring against the tongs with a clanging
		sound. This instrument is the legacy of past
		Turkish invasions and is most popular in
		Punjab.
5) Tabla	e)	a double headed drum made from the trunk of
		a mango tree covered with goatskin on both
		ends. One side of the instrument is struck with
		a large curved stick to produce a deep sound,
		while a smaller straight stick strikes the other
		end for a higher note. It is used all over
		Pakistan to accompany dances, gather people
		for important announcements, and as a
		message drum between villages.
6) Rabaab	f)	a keyboard instrument that produces its sound
		when air is pumped over metal reeds, causing
		them to vibrate—much like an organ.
		Although it was developed in France,
		Pakistanis have used the instrument for more
		than 150 years and have further developed the
		instrument by adding a mechanism to change
		its musical scales. The popularity of the
		instrument is due much in part to its portability
		and ease of learning.
7) Sitar	g) a wind instrument that uses a double reed to
		produce sound vibrations, similar to an oboe.
		The player blows air between two tightly-

woven reeds, causing vibrations that produce sound. The instrument is primarily used at outdoor festivities and weddings.

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5. PLACES

Watch the video and write down the main sights of Pakistan (18.1).

6. FESTIVALS

Read and summarize the text about Pakistan festivals.

The most important festival is Ramadan. During Ramadan people do not eat from sunrise to sundown. This goes on for a month. At the end of Ramadan there is a celebration. People give each other gifts, the streets and buildings are beautifully decorated, and there are colourful light shows. The date of the month of Ramadan moves around: in 2011 it was in August, in 2005 it was in October, and in 2015 it will begin in mid-June.

Nowruz is a festival which celebrates in spring and takes place near the end of March. People give each other coloured eggs and there are polo matches. In some places there are large meals outside and people jump over a fire for good luck.

August 14 is Pakistan’s Independence Day, and there are parades and singing and dancing in the streets.

Summing up

Compare two countries - India and Pakistan - according to the plan:

-symbols;

-clothes;

-festivals;

-food;

-songs;

-musical instruments;

-religion.

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SEMINAR 19

THE MUSEUMS IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES

EXCURSION

Plan

1.The National Gallery (UK)

2.The Tate Gallery (UK)

3.The Victoria and Albert Museum (UK)

4.The National Gallery of Scotland (UK)

5.The Museum of Fine Arts (USA)

6.The Museum of Modern Art (USA)

7.Philadelphia Museum of Art (USA)

8.The Royal Ontario Museum (Canada)

9.Art Gallery of Ontario

10.The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts

Our acquaintance with English-speaking countries is going to be over. For today’s seminar you are to conduct a virtual excursion around one of the museums situated on the territory of the English-speaking countries. This task is a kind of opportunity to try and to imagine yourselves in your future profession. Here is an approximate list of the museums in the English-speaking countries but your reports can be devoted to the ones which are not mentioned below.

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1.The National Gallery (UK)

2.The Tate Gallery (UK)

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3.The Victoria and Albert Museum (UK)

4.The National Gallery of Scotland (UK)

5.The Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, the USA)

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6.The Museum of Modern Art (New York, the USA)

7.Philadelphia Museum of Art (the USA)

8.The Royal Ontario Museum (Canada)

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9.Art Gallery of Ontario (Canada)

10.The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (Canada)

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SEMINAR 20

TESTS

Find the right answer

1.The UK is separated from Ireland by … .

a)The Irish sea

b)The English Channel

c)The North sea

2.Pas de Calais is the French name for … .

a)The English Channel

b)The strait of Dover

c)The Irish sea

3.On the British Isles there are … states.

a)Two

b)Three

c)Four

4.Mountainous areas are found only … of Britain.

a)In the south

b)In the north and west

c)In the south and southeast

5.The highest peak in Great Britain is … .

a)Snowdon in Wales

b)Scafell Pike in England

c)Ben Nevis in Scotland

6.Britain’s most important port after London is … .

a)Bristol

b)Dover

c)Glasgow

7.The most famous prehistoric monument in Britain situated on Salisbury Plain is … .

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a)Mayburgh Hedge

b)Stonehenge

c)Knowlton Henge

8.The Romans first came to Britain in … .

a)55 BC

b)43 AD

c)66 AD

9.After the Norman Conquest in 1066 … became the official language in England.

a)Latin

b)Norman

c)French

10.The struggle between the noble family of Lancaster and the noble family of York was named by the novelist Walter Scott … .

a)The Wars of the Roses

b)The Hundred Years War

c)The Napoleonic wars

11.Britain’s longest serving monarch is … .

a)Elizabeth I

b)Victoria

c)Elizabeth II

12.… culture traditionally dominates the cultures of the other three nations of the British Isles.

a)Welsh

b)English

c)Scottish

13.London is in the … of England.

a)Southeast

b)Southwest

c)Northeast

14.The Great Fire of London started … .

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a)September 2, 1466

b)September 2, 1566

c)September 2, 1666

15.Mary Tudor earned her nickname “Bloody Mary” for the … .

a)Persecution of Protestants

b)Persecution of Catholics

c)Invention of the famous cocktail with tomato juice 16.… was the first King of Great Britain.

a)Henry VIII

b)James I

c)Richard I

17.The Church of England was separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century by … .

a)Henry VIII

b)Henry VII

c)Oliver Cromwell

18.Trafalgar Square was laid out in 1829-41 by Sir Charles Barry and commemorates … .

a)The naval battle of 1805 near Spain

b)The battle of Waterloo of 1815

c)The battle of Hastings of 1066 19.The patron saint of England is … .

a)St. Patrick

b)St. George

c)St. David

20.St. Patrick’s Day is celebrated to commemorate … .

a)The day St. Patrick was born

b)The day St. Patrick drove snakes out of Ireland

c)The day St. Patrick died

21.In the fifth century the territory of England was settled by … .

a) The Angles

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b)The Normans

c)The Celts

22.The flower symbolizing England is … .

a)Thistle

b)Daffodil

c)Rose

23.Snowdon is … in England and Wales.

a)The highest mountain

b)The deepest lake

c)The largest city

24.National festivals of Welsh song and poetry in the form of competitions date back to … .

a)The 19th century

b)The medieval period

c)The end of the 20th century

25.… is regarded as the national instrument of Wales.

a)The bagpipe

b)The harp

c)The horn

26.The northern part of Scotland used to belong to … , but sailed away and collided with Britain.

a)Canada

b)Alaska

c)Iceland

27.The colour of Scotland is … .

a)Blue

b)Red

c)White

28.Eire is … .

a)another name of the Republic of Ireland

b)a city of Ireland

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c) a typical Irish surname 29.Ulster is … .

a)the name of one of four ancient kingdoms of Ireland

b)the Catholic part of Ireland

c)a part of Highlands

30.The Kings and Queens of England are crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury in … .

a)St. Paul’s Cathedral

b)Westminster Abbey

c)The Houses of Parliament

31.The Smithsonian, the world’s largest research and museum complex, is located in … .

a)London

b)Washington

c)New York

32.… is the largest museum in Britain.

a)The Victoria and Albert Museum

b)The British Museum

c)The National Gallery 33.Wimbledon is … .

a)A cricket match

b)a tennis tournament

c)a motor race

34.The first proper theater as we know it appeared in London in 1576 and was called … .

a)The Coliseum

b)The theatre

c)The Globe

35.The first regular English daily newspaper was published in 1702 and called … .

a) The London Gazette

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b)The Daily Courant

c)The Times

36.The most famous New Year celebration takes place in … in London, where big crowds gather to welcome the New Year.

a)Hyde Park

b)Trafalgar Square

c)Madison Square Garden

37.Pancakes is/are a traditional dish served at Christmas.

a)Pancakes

b)Toffee apples

c)Turkey

38.Traditionally a … is placed into the Christmas pudding. It is believed to bring good luck to a person who will find it.

a)Candy

b)Coin

c)Medal

39.The British currency is the … .

a)Euro

b)Pound sterling

c)English

40.The British Parliament is often called … because of a distinguished building in central London it is housed in.

a)Westminster

b)Buckingham Palace

c)Westminster Abbey

41.British university course generally lasts for … years.

a)2

b)3

c)5

42.In Oxford and Cambridge they traditionally use … at degree ceremonies. a) Latin

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b)Old English

c)Welsh

43.In England, they usually have … meals a day.

a)Three

b)Four

c)Five

44.Sandwiches were invented in England in 1762 and were named after … .

a)The town Sandwich in the south of England

b)John Montagu, the Earl of Sandwich

c)Sandy beaches of Miami

45.The official family title of Queen Elizabeth II is … .

a)The House of Stuart

b)The House of Windsor

c)The House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

46.The name of Queen Elizabeth II’s oldest son is … .

a)Prince Edward

b)Prince Charles

c)Prince Andrew

47.… trying to invade England was defeated in 1588.

a)The French fleet

b)The Spanish Armada

c)The Irish Army

48.The British Empire collapsed after … .

a)The First World War

b)The Second World War

c)The Falklands War

49.The opening of the Channel tunnel (the Chunnel) in 1994 made the British links with … closer.

a)Europe

b)The USA

c)Africa

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50.There are….. states in the United States of America.

a)23

b)50

c)48

51.The United States’ flag is called …

a)‘the Union Jack’

b)‘the Stars and Sights’

c)‘the Stars and Stripes’ 52.The capital of the US is … .

a)New York

b)Washington

c)Los Angeles

53.The highest mountain in the USA is …

a)Saint Elias

b)Mckinley

c)Foraker

54.The longest river in the USA is … .

a)the Tennessee

b)The Mississippi

c)The Colorado

55.Christopher Columbus discovered America in … .

a)1000

b)1492

c)1607

56.The first US President was … .

a)Columbus

b)Abraham Lincoln

c)George Washington

57.The bloody civil war between the North and South was during the years of

…

a) 1772 to 1776

168

b)1861 to 1865

c)1812 to 1815

58.… is ‘the city that never sleeps’.

a)Washington

b)Los Angeles

c)New York City

59.… has the highest population of any state in the USA.

a)Texas

b)California

c)Nevada

60.The very first European who landed in North America was … .

a)Leif Ericson

b)William Henry Harrison

c)Christopher Columbus

61.Independence Day in the USA is … .

a)4 July

b)11 November

c)fourth Thursday in November

62.… wrote the Declaration of Independence?

a)George Washington

b)Thomas Jefferson

c)Benjamin Franklin

63.The statue of Liberty is located … .

a)in New York Harbor

b)in Washington Mall

c)on Broadway in New York

64.Hollywood, the centre of the US film industry, is located in … .

a)Los Angeles, California

b)Miami, Florida

c)Boston, Massachusetts

65.The Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in … .

169

a)Washington

b)Atlanta

c)New York 66.Canada is … .

a)the largest country in the world

b)the second largest country in the world

c)the third largest country in the world. 67.The capital of Canada is … .

a)Washington

b)Canberra

c)Ottawa

68.Canada is a country of … .

a)rivers

b)lakes

c)forests

69.The emblem of Canada is … .

a)kangaroo

b)koala

c)the maple leaf 70.Canada is famous for …

a)Niagara Falls

b)Victoria Falls

c)Yosemite Falls

71.… is widely believed to be the home of Santa Claus.

a)Canada

b)The USA

c)Iceland

72.… oceans border Canada.

a)Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific

b)Pacific, Indian and Atlantic

c)Hudson, Pacific and Atlantic

170

73.… are Canada’s two national sports?

a)Ice Hockey, Basketball

b)Basketball, Lacrosse

c)Lacrosse, Ice Hockey

74.The official languages of Canada are … .

a)English and Spanish

b)Spanish and French

c)English and French

75.… is another name for Australia?

a)Down Under

b)Kiwi

c)Uluru

76.The Capital of Australia is.... .

a)Canberra

b)Melbourne

c)Sydney

77.The native Australians are called … .

a)Aborigines

b)Apaches

c)Maori

78.Australia has … deserts.

a)2

b)4

c)6

79.The highest mountain in Australia is … .

a)Mount Cook

b)Mount Kosciuszko

c)Mount Warning

80.… is a traditional Australian food.

a)Lamb

b)Pie

171

c) Potato

81.… is a famous landmark in Sydney?

a)Ayers Rock

b)Royal Australian Mint

c)the Opera house

82.… arrived in New Zealand 3000 years ago.

a)The Maori people

b)The Aborigines

c)The Africans

83.New Zealand consists of … large islands.

a)4

b)3

c)2

84.... is the capital of New Zealand.

a)Wellington

b)Auckland

c)Waitomo

85.New Zealand is called ”classless society” because …

a)the gap between the rich and the poor is not very wide

b)the country has low unemployment

c)the country has high life expectancy

86.The national emblem of New Zealand is … .

a)kiwi

b)tui

c)possum

87.The first European to see New Zealand was from … .

a)England

b)Portugal

c)Holland

88.“The Lord of the Rings” was filmed in … . a) Australia

172

b)New Zealand

c)Canada

89.The first Black president of South Africa was … .

a)Nelson Mandela

b)Barack Obama

c)Martin Luther King

90.The Kalahari Desert covers 70% of … .

a)Botswana

b)Zambia

c)Zimbabwe

91.… is often called ‘The Pearl of Africa’.

a)Kenya

b)Uganda

c)Sudan

92.… is, in fact, the only independent African country located in the mountains.

a)Lesotho

b)Namibia

c)Swaziland

93.The name for … comes from the Latin word, which means ‘free’.

a)Nigeria

b)Sudan

c)Liberia

94.… is famous for its Blue Lagoon, an area of bright blue water over white sand.

a)Malta

b)Gozo

c)Comino

95.… is the first place Christopher Columbus found in 1492, when he was trying to reach India.

a)Jamaica

b)The Bahamas

173

c) Bermuda

96.… has the most skyscrapers of any city in the world.

a)Malta

b)Hong Kong

c)Barbados

97.Bollywood is located in … .

a)the USA

b)Canada

c)India

98.Two important festivals in India are the Hindu festivals of … .

a)Ramadan and Diwali

b)Diwali and Holi

c)Nowruz and Diwali

99.The sari is traditional clothing for women in … .

a)Pakistan

b)Sudan

c)India

100.… is a very beautiful island, with a mountain range called the Blue Mountains, and sandy beaches like Montego.

a)Malta

b)Jamaica

c)the Bahamas

174

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

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Welcome to Great Britain and the USA : учебное пособие / М. И. Дмитриева. –

Нижний Новгород : Нижегородский государственный лингвистический университет им. Н.А. Добролюбова, 2009. – 61 с.

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448с.

7.	Колыхалова, О. А.	BRITAIN :	учебное пособие /	О. А. Колыхалова,
К. С. Махмурян. – Москва : Прометей, 2012. – 77 с.
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9. Ласица, Л. Great Britain: geography, politics, culture / Л. Ласица,

О. Евстафиади. – Оренбург : Оренбургский государственный университет,

2013. – 129 с.

10. Лежнина, Г. В. История и культура англоязычных стран : учебное пособие / Г. В. Лежнина. – Кемерово : Кемеровский государственный

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11.Маркушевская, Л. П. Великобритания : учебное пособие по страноведению / Л. П. Маркушевская. – Санкт-Петербург : СПбГУ ИТМО,

2008. – 130 с.

12.Митрошкина, Т. В. Английский язык. Страноведение = English. Cross-

сultural Studies : учебно-методическое пособие для студентов вузов / Т. В. Митрошкина, А. И. Савинова. – Минск : ТетраСистемс, 2011. – 287 c.

13.Митякина, О.В. Английский язык. Страноведение : учебное пособие / О. В. Митякина, Е. А. Монастырская, Л. Д. Овчеру. – Кемерово : КемГУ,

2017. – 134 с.

14.Низамиева, М. А. Страноведение : учебное пособие по страноведению англоязычных стран / М. А. Низамиева. – Казань : Печать-Сервис, 2012. –

120с.

15.Новик, Н. А. Страноведение. США: география, история, экономика,

культура = Country Studies. USA: geography, history, economy, culture :

учебное пособие / Н. А. Новик. – Минск : Вышэйшая школа, 2015. – 248 с.

16.Павлоцкий, В. М. Великобритания. Монархия, история, культура : книга по страноведению на английском языке / В. М. Павлоцкий. – Москва :

Каро, 2006. – 464 с.

17. Полупан, А. П. English-speaking countries: A cultural reader /

А. П. Полупан, В. Л. Полупан, В. В. Махова. – Xарьков : Издательская группа

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18.Прохорова, А. А. Узнайте больше об англоязычном мире : учебное пособие / А. А. Прохорова, И. С. Рушинская. – Москва : ФЛИНТА, 2015. –

176с.

19.Смирнова, М. Н. Англоязычные страны : учебное пособие для студентов ОЗО и студентов неязыковых факультетов: электронное издание / М. Н. Смирнова, М. Ю. Шамшурова. – Глазов : Глазов. гос. пед. ин-т, 2014. –

170с.

20.Соколова, Л. И. Английский язык. Страноведение и речевой этикет : учебное пособие / Л. И. Соколова, Л. В. Юрьева. – Санкт-Петербург : Университет ИТМО, Институт холода и биотехнологий, 2013. – 49 c.

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22.	Суханова, Н. А. Just Britain: учебно-методическое пособие /
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учеб. пособие к курсу «История и культура стран изучаемого языка» по специальности «Лингвистика и межкультурная коммуникация» / Ред.: Кит Роусон, Е. В. Маринина, Л. Н. Тимашова, Л.Г. Кузьмина. – Воронеж, 2003. – 141 с.

24. Янкина, Е. В. English-speaking countries: учебное пособие /

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177

АУДИО- И ВИДЕОМАТЕРИАЛЫ

1.1.1. Еxploration. URL: http:// www.blackcat-cideb.com

2.1.2. How English Became a Global Language. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YDGxVNuxO0

3.2.1. The United Kingdom. Reading and listening (A2). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTngjFzBO80

4.3.1. London Vacation Travel Guide – Expedia. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45ETZ1xvHS0

5.3.2. England Celebrates Guy Fawkes Day on November 5th. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch

6.3.3. London’s light festival – BBC London News. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=I5PWzO5YcR0

7.3.4. London Chocolate Festival URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34DSubehm_E

8.4.1. Hobby of the English. URL: www.blackcat-cideb.com

9.4.2. Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in England. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPxOw1uKJP4

10.4.3. Famous People. URL: www.blackcat-cideb.com

11.5.1. Scotland URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZV2vV7VL1_8

12.5.2. Celebrations. URL: www.blackcat-cideb.com

13. 6.1.

Cantorion

Colin

Jones

2009.

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Xd5FII5jpQ

14.6.2. Event. URL: www.blackcat-cideb.com

15.6.3. Cardiff, the Capital of Wales. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVrxlHNJ3dk

16. 7.1.

Belfast,

Northern

Ireland.

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKLLSZVaScw

17.7.2. Saint-Patrick’s-day. URL:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/file/5235

178

18.7.3. Irish Dance Group - Irish Step Dancing (Riverdance) 2009. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgGAzBDE454

19.8.1. Why Do We Still Have Monarchies? URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsKfw89djqg

20.8.2. Kings & Queens of Britain - QUICK QUIZ - Q-Star Quiz Channel. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0I44SJ7XiY

21.8.3. Bloody Queens - Elizabeth and Mary (2016) BBC Documentary. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3F8iq7aT4Y

22.9.1. The Hundred Years War (1337 - 1453). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7G9zl66peo

23.9.2. War of the Roses - a short documentary. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch

24.10.1. Symbols of the United States. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZwlTsiKScU

25.10.2. Sport. URL: www.blackcat-cideb.com

26.10.3. American Landmarks. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- D7LaLVOhlk

27.11.1. Virtual Field Trip - Washington, D.C. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iK3GsAcwKaI

28.12.1. O Canada - National Anthem – Song. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRPGPAnPNa8

29.12.2. Top Tourist Attractions in Canada. URL: https://www.youtube.com/c/worldtop10

30.

13.1.

Australian

Tourist

Attractions.

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sb-WI_dWFVw

31.14.1. Maori culture in New Zealand. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW-f7T3qLNM

32.17.1 Dubai Traditional Indian Music Group with Sitar, Tabla and Flute / Dubai Hindi Music. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoI_PcOzW4Q

179

33.17.2. Sights and Sounds of India | National Geographic. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_SXNcqugcI

34.17.3. Diwali - Festival of Lights | National Geographic. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrrW3rO51ak

35.17.4. Get an Up-Close Look at the Colorful Holi Festival | National Geographic. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbFIkJ8KFZ8

36.18.1 A PAKISTAN DOCUMENTARY NEW - LATEST JOURNEY TO END OF EARTH 2014 URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIhExAVcuY8

37.	19.1.	The	National	Gallery	(UK).	URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsSKnRIk0S8
38.	19.2.	The	Tate	Gallery	(UK).	URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_CYpZbzOuY

39.19.3. London, EnglandVictoria and Albert Museum - Rick Steves' Europe Travel Guide - Travel Bite. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUBH1MN_kEI

40.19.4. Masterpieces from the Scottish National Gallery. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irfq3CCCtKU

41.19.5. The Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, the USA). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFym0Y_f6uo

42.19.6. The Museum of Modern Art (New York, the USA). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DbtFAcQ3KU

43.19.7. Philadelphia Museum of Art - Philadelphia, PA - Travel Thru History. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhrdtVNVbVc

44.19.8 Royal Ontario Museum – Toronto. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_-VfLaFepE

45.19.9 THE ART GALLERY OF ONTARIO. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeCq9MJ6r4g

46.19.10 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts - Quebec, Canada. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmAecOi0GAI

180

Учебное издание

ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES.

SEMINARS

Учебно-методическое пособие

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