5 курс / Госпитальная педиатрия / Консультирование_по_ВИЧ_и_вскармливанию_грудных_детей_для_директора

1. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

5

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɜɫɸ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ. Ɉɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ, ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ

ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɤɚɤ ɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ 17 ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɤɭɪɫɚ. Ɉɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ. Ɉɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ (ɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ). ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɯ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ.

Ȼɭɤɥɟɬ ɫɨ ɫɥɚɣɞɚɦɢ

ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɟɲɤɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ.

Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɥɢɫɬɵ, ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɚɧɤɟɬɵ ɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɢ ɫ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɢ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 9, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ 49 (ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ). Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɨɜ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟɦ 7 ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɧɚ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ 14, 15 ɢ 16. ɉɚɦɹɬɤɢ ɫ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦɢ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɢɡ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɨɤ. ɗɬɨɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ:

-HIV and Infant Feeding - guidelines for decision-makers («ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ»). WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.1; UNAIDS/98.3; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)98-1

-HIV and Infant Feeding - a guide for health care managers and supervisors («ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ»). WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.2; UNAIDS/98.4; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)98-2

-HIV and Infant Feeding -a review of HIV transmission through breastfeeding («ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɨɛɡɨɪ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ»). WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.3; UNAIDS/98.5; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J) 98-3

6	1. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ, ɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ɗɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ.

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ȼɈɁ, 20, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ, 1211, ɀɟɧɟɜɚ 27, ɚɜɟɧɸ Ⱥɩɩɢɚ, 20):

Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development – CAH (Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ): < [e-mail] >

- Breastfeeding Counselling: A training course («Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ») WHO/CDR/ 93.4; UNICEF/NUT/93.2

-Evidence for the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding («Ⱦɟɫɹɬɶ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ») WHO/CHD/98.9

-Relactation - a review of experience and recommendations for practice («Ɋɟɥɚɤɬɚɰɢɹ – ɨɛɡɨɪ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ»). WHO/CHS/CAH/98.14

-Mastitis: causes and management («Ɇɚɫɬɢɬ: ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ») WHO/FCH/CAH/00.13

ɗɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

Department of Nutrition for Health and Development –NHD (Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ

ɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ) < [e-mail] >

-Complementary Feeding of Young Children in Developing Countries: a review of current scientific knowledge («Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ

ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ: ɨɛɡɨɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ»). WHO/NUT/98.1

- Complementary feeding: family foods for breastfed children («Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ

ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ: ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɦ ɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ») WHO/NHD/00.1 & WHO/FCH/CAH/00.6

Department of Food Safety – FOS (Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ) < [e-mail] >

-Adams M, & Motarjemi, Y. Basic Food Safety for Health Workers («Ɇ. Ⱥɞɚɦɫ ɢ ɘ.

Ɇɨɬɚɪɞɠɟɦɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ»). WHO/SDE/PHE/FOS/99.1

HIS (HIV /AIDS/STI)
- Source book	for HIV /AIDS counselling			training («ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ	ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ	ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ	ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ	ɩɨ	ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ	ȼɂɑ/ɋɉɂȾ»)

WHO/GPA/TCO/HCO/HCS/94.9

-Counselling for HIV /AIDS: a key to caring (Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɂɑ/ɋɉɂȾ: ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ) WHO/GPA/TCO/HCS/95.15

-HIV in pregnancy: A Review («ȼɂɑ ɩɪɢ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɨɛɡɨɪ ») WHO/CHS/ RHR/99.15; UNAIDS 99.35

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ UNAIDS, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ, 1211, ɀɟɧɟɜɚ 27, ɚɜɟɧɸ Ⱥɩɩɢɚ, 20) < [e-mail] > ɫɟɪɢɹ UNAIDS ‘Best Practice’,

-Prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child: Strategic options («ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ. ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ »). UNAIDS/99.44E

-Counselling and Voluntary HIV testing for pregnant women in high HIV prevalence countries: elements and issues («Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɧɚ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɂɑ: ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ») UNAIDS/99.40E

1. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

7

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɘɇɂɋȿɎ, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York NY 10017, USA (ɋɒȺ, ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤ, 10017, ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ, 3): < [e-mail] >

-Engle P. The Care Initiative: assessment, analysis and action to improve care for nutrition. New York: UNICEF Nutrition Section, 1997 (ɉ. ɂɝɥ, ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ:

ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɘɇɂɋȿɎ, Ɉɬɞɟɥ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, 1997).

-Armstrong, HC. Techniques of Feeding Infants: the case for cup feeding. Research in Action, No. 8, June 1998, UNICEF, NY (Ƚ. Ⱥɦɫɬɪɨɧɝ, Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ:

ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɱɚɲɤɢ, Research in Action, ʋ 8, ɢɸɧɶ 1998ɝ., ɘɇɂɋȿɎ, ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤ).

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ «Teaching Aids At Low Cost», PO Box 49, St Albans, Herts AL1 5TX, UK, (ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ, Ƚɟɪɬɫ AL1 5TX, ɋɚɧɬ-Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫ, ɩ/ɹ 49), Ɏɚɤɫ: [phone] < [e-mail] >

-Savage King, F. Helping Mothers to Breastfeed (Revised Edition, African Medical and Research Foundation, 1992, or an adapted or translated version.) (Ɏ.ɋɚɜɚɞɠ Ʉɢɧɝ,

ɉɨɦɨɳɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦ ɜ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɭɞɶɸ, Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɮɨɧɞ, 1992. ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ).

-Savage-King, F & Burgess, A, Nutrition for Developing Countries, ELBS, Oxford University Press, 1995 (Ɏ.ɋɚɜɚɞɠ Ʉɢɧɝ, Ⱥ.Ȼɭɪɝɟɫ, ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ELBS, Ɉɤɫɮɨɪɞ ɘɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɢ ɉɪɟɫɫ, 1995ɝ.).

8	2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɟɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ. Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɞɥɹ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ, ɧɟ ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ȼɂɑ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɭɪɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɥɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ.

2.1 ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ

ɉɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ».

ȼ Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟ 6 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɜɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɚɦ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ ɭ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɜ ɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ȼɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɚɯ.

ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɚɯ, ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɩɢɫɤɚɯ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɭɫɬɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵ ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɜɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ, ɩɨ ȼɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

2.2 Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ

ɍɫɩɟɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ, ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɞɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡɦɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɟɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ, ɤɬɨ ɠɟɥɚɥ ɛɵ ɢ ɛɵɥ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɵɬ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɥ ɞɚɪɨɦ ɢ ɦɨɝ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ.

Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɸ

ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɰɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ:

-ɛɵɬɶ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ;

-ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ», ɭɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ:

-ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ»

-ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ, ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ», ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ 3 ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ

2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

9

-ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ»;

-ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ;

-ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ

ɉɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ

ɉɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ ɬɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɵɥɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ. ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɹɫɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɞɜɭɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɬɚɤɭɸ, ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɯ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.

2.3 Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ

ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɰɚ, ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ, ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɨ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɞɟɬɹɦ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɜ ɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ.

ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ. ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ 1-3 ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ.

ɉɨɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɫɭɞɢɬɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɞɟɬɹɦ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ.

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ:

-ɜɚɲɟɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ;

-ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ;

-ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɢɡ 4 ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ).

10	2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɇɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ 24 ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ, ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ.

2.4 ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ

Ⱥɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ

ȼɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɝɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ 10 ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.

Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ 2-3 ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ, ɜɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɧɚ-ɞɜɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ. Ⱥɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɲɭɦɵ, ɦɟɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ 11 ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɨɝɧɹ, ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ (ɩɟɱɢ). Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɜɟɫɨɦ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ/ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ.

Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɣ

ɉɪɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɤɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɫɢɬɶ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɧɚɦ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɨɥ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɥ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ

ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɝɞɟ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ȼ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɛɟɞ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɞɧɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɵ ɧɚ ɱɚɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɮɟ. Ɇɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɩɢɳɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɣ.

Ɉɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɟɡɞ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɫɟɪɨɤɨɩɢɢ, ɩɥɟɧɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɚɧɤɟɬɵ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɵ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ	11
2.5 Ɉɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ

ȼɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɨɜɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɸɪɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɫɥɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ. ȼɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ (ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ) ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

Ɉɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ.

ȼ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ:

-ɢɦɹ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ;

-ɰɟɥɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ;

-ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫ ɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ;

-ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ;

-ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ;

-ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ;

-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɛ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɡɞɚ ɢ ɨɬɴɟɡɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ;

-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ.

Ɍɚɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɫɥɚɧɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟ 6.2 ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɤɨɦɭ ɜɵ ɪɚɡɨɲɥɟɬɟ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵ ɨɬɛɟɪɟɬɟ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɪɚɡɨɲɥɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

2.6 ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ

ȼɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ȼɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ

ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ.

ȼɊɚɡɞɟɥ 6 ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɪɟɯɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɯɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɤɭɪɫɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɪɟɯɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ» (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ). ȼɚɦ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɜɚɦ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɩɢɳɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ.

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ:

-Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ. ȼɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

-ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɟɦɚ «Ɂɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ» ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦɨɣ «ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ».

12	2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

-ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɞɧɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɹɬɶɫɹ.

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ

ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ/ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ:

-ɂɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɚɯ,

ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ».

Ⱦɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɬɪɟɯɞɧɟɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ

«Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ» ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ».

-ɂɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ», ɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɭɪɫɚ

«Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ». Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɬɪɟɯɞɧɟɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚɯ A, ȼ ɢ ɋ.

-ɂɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɤɭɪɫ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɞɜɭɯɞɧɟɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚɯ ȼ ɢ ɋ.

-ɂɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ». Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɞɧɟɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ ɋ.

ɉɥɚɧ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
A	B	C
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ	ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ,	Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ	ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ	ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ
ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ	ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
	ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ	ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ	ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ	Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɣ 5, 10 ɢ 11	ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
		ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
		ɪɚɣɨɧɟ/ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ	ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ	ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ
ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ	ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ	ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ		ɉɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ		ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ

ȼ Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟ 6 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

13

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:

-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ;

-ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɞɚɫɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ;

-ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɢɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɭɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɜɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ»

ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ», ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ». ɗɬɨɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ».

ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ», ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ», ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ» ɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɞɧɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ 2-3 ɞɧɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ, ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɢɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ.

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɷɬɢ ɞɜɚ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ, ɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɤɭɪɫɭ

«Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» - ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ. Ɋɚɡɪɵɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ. Ʉɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɪɨɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɤɭɪɫ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ:

ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɤɭɪɫ

«Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ».

2.7 Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ

ɉɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɹɯ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɹɬ ɫ ɪɟɱɚɦɢ. ȼɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɪɭɱɢɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɞɟɬɹɦ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ.

14 2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɇɚ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ ɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɧɟ ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ. ȼ ɪɟɱɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ȼɂɑɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɟɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɬɚɤɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɝɚ.

Ɂɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ. ɉɨɲɥɢɬɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ. ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɢ, ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɥɢ ɛɵ ɜɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɬɨ ɥɢɰɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɥɨ ɪɟɱɶ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɷɬɨ, ɭɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɉɨɲɥɢɬɟ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɦ ɫ ɪɟɱɚɦɢ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɟɱɚɯ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɭ/ɪɟɝɢɨɧɭ ɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ ɫɜɹɡɢ ȼɂɑɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɱɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɥɢɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɵ ɜɵɫɥɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɞɚɸɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɥɝɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɪɜɚɥɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

ɇɚ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɯɨɞɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧ ɩɨɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɝɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ, ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡɦ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɸ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɨɜ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɝɚ.

2.8 ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ

ȼɊɚɡɞɟɥɟ 7 ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ȼɈɁ ɢɥɢ ɘɇɂɋȿɎ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɭ).

ȼɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ:

7.1Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ»

7.2Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ»

7.3ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ

7.4ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ

7.5ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ/ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɤɭɤɥɭ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ. Ʉɭɤɥɭ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ. ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɪɹɩɢɱɧɭɸ ɤɭɤɥɭ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɭ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ.