Tuberculosis in infants is detected mainly on admission (the most common diagnosis is pneumonia; ineffectiveness of nonspecific AB therapy makes it necessary to make a differential diagnosis with tuberculosis). In children under 1 year of age TB infection is diagnosed in 100% of cases, and in children aged 1-3 years - in 70-80% of cases; 2/3 of children with TB in infants are not vaccinated against BCG or do not have post-vaccination markings.

The most frequent complications are bronchopulmonary lesions, haematogenous dissemination to the lungs and brain membranes, and disintegration of lung tissue.

Late diagnosis and progressive course leads to death.

Tuberculosis in adolescents.Anatomo- physiological features of adolescence:

1.The neuroendocrine apparatus is rearranged.

2.The lung segments grow intensively.

3.The level of metabolism and the level of energy expenditure change.

4.Elastic fibres in the alveoli and interalveolar spaces develop intensively.

5.There is a discrepancy between the anatomical structure of the organs (incomplete development of the functioning part, weakness of the connective structures) and the increased functional needs of the body.

6.A psychological restructuring takes place, the child's life pattern breaks down, a new social position is formed, many new contacts arise, the diet changes, new habits are acquired, including harmful ones (alcohol, smoking, drug addiction).

A peculiarity of tuberculosis in adolescence is the

tendency to have a progressive course and an alterative-necrotic reaction. Relatively frequent and rapid onset of decay of lung tissue (tendency to decay is more pronounced than in adults); secondary forms of tuberculosis characteristic of adults develop (infiltrative, focal, cavernous tuberculosis), while retaining the features of the primary period (high general sensitization). Adolescents living in TB contact fall ill with TB twice as often as children of other ages (except infants); late diagnosis, inadequate treatment, missed "binge" and lack of preventive treatment in the "binge" period lead to chronicity of the TB process.

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