- •Preface
- •Contents
- •Procedures, Assays, and Normal Values
- •Normal Cells of the Blood and Hematopoietic Organs
- •The Individual Cells of Hematopoiesis
- •Bone Marrow: Cell Composition and Principles of Analysis
- •Abnormalities of the White Cell Series
- •Predominance of Mononuclear Round to Oval Cells
- •Prevalence of Polynuclear (Segmented) Cells
- •Erythrocyte and Thrombocyte Abnormalities
- •Hypochromic Anemias
- •Normochromic Anemias
- •Hyperchromic Anemias
- •Erythrocyte Inclusions
- •Thrombocyte Abnormalities
- •Cytology of Organ Biopsies and Exudates
- •Lymph Node Cytology
- •Branchial Cysts and Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- •Cytology of Pleural Effusions and Ascites
- •Cytology of Cerebrospinal Fluid
- •Introduction to the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Hematopoietic System
- •Cell Systems
- •Principles of Regulation and Dysregulation in the Blood Cell Series and their Diagnostic Implications
- •Procedures, Assays, and Normal Values
- •Taking Blood Samples
- •Erythrocyte Count
- •Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Assay
- •Calculation of Erythrocyte Parameters
- •Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
- •Reticulocyte Count
- •Leukocyte Count
- •Thrombocyte Count
- •Significance of the Automated Blood Count
- •Bone Marrow Biopsy
- •Lymph Node Biopsy and Tumor Biopsy
- •Step-by-Step Diagnostic Sequence
- •The Individual Cells of Hematopoiesis
- •Eosinophilic Granulocytes (Eosinophils)
- •Basophilic Granulocytes (Basophils)
- •Monocytes
- •Lymphocytes (and Plasma Cells)
- •Megakaryocytes and Thrombocytes
- •Bone Marrow: Medullary Stroma Cells
- •Abnormalities of the White Cell Series
- •Predominance of Mononuclear Round to Oval Cells
- •Reactive Lymphocytosis
- •Relative Lymphocytosis Associated with Granulocytopenia (Neutropenia) and Agranulocytosis
- •Monocytosis
- •Acute Leukemias
- •Neutrophilia without Left Shift
- •Reactive Left Shift
- •Osteomyelosclerosis
- •Elevated Eosinophil and Basophil Counts
- •Clinically Relevant Classification Principle for Anemias: Mean Erythrocyte Hemoglobin Content (MCH)
- •Hypochromic Anemias
- •Iron Deficiency Anemia
- •Hypochromic Infectious or Toxic Anemia (Secondary Anemia)
- •Hypochromic Anemia with Hemolysis
- •Normochromic Anemias
- •Normochromic Hemolytic Anemias
- •Cytomorphological Anemias with Erythrocyte Anomalies
- •Bone Marrow Aplasia
- •Hyperchromic Anemias
- •Erythrocyte Inclusions
- •Hematological Diagnosis of Malaria
- •Thrombocyte Abnormalities
- •Thrombocytopenia
- •Lymph Node Cytology
- •Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis
- •Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- •Metastases of Solid Tumors in Lymph Nodes or Subcutaneous Tissue
- •Branchial Cysts
- •Cytology of Pleural Effusions and Ascites
- •Cytology of Cerebrospinal Fluid
- •References
- •Index
Contents |
ix |
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
104 |
Myelodysplasia (MDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
106 |
Prevalence of Polynuclear (Segmented) Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
110 |
Neutrophilia without Left Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
110 |
Reactive Left Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
112 |
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Myeloproliferative Syndrome |
|
(Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders, CMPD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
114 |
Steps in the Diagnosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . |
116 |
Blast Crisis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
120 |
Osteomyelosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
122 |
Elevated Eosinophil and Basophil Counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
124 |
Erythrocyte and Thrombocyte Abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . |
127 |
Clinically Relevant Classification Principle for Anemias: Mean |
|
Erythrocyte Hemoglobin Content (MCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
128 |
Hypochromic Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
128 |
Iron Deficiency Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
128 |
Hypochromic Infectious or Toxic Anemia (Secondary Anemia) . . . |
134 |
Bone Marrow Cytology in the Diagnosis of Hypochromic Ane- |
|
mias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
136 |
Hypochromic Sideroachrestic Anemias (Sometimes Normo- |
|
chromic or Hyperchromic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
137 |
Hypochromic Anemia with Hemolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
138 |
Thalassemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
138 |
Normochromic Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
140 |
Normochromic Hemolytic Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
140 |
Hemolytic Anemias with Erythrocyte Anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
144 |
Normochromic Renal Anemia (Sometimes Hypochromic or |
|
Hyperchromic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
146 |
Bone Marrow Aplasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
146 |
Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA, Erythroblastopenia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
146 |
Aplasias of All Bone Marrow Series (Panmyelopathy, Pan- |
|
myelophthisis, Aplastic Anemia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
148 |
Bone Marrow Carcinosis and Other Space-Occupying Processes . . |
150 |
Hyperchromic Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
152 |
Erythrocyte Inclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
156 |
Hematological Diagnosis of Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
158 |