eco_200
.pdf1.A bird, such as a magpie, that inhabits different regions of Eurasia, North America and North Africa refers to the follow ecological group: Eyrobionts?
2.A community includes all: all the populations in an area
3.A population with long-lasting rapid growth includes the following age groups: most of the population is pre-reproductive or reproductive
4.A special protected territory that is completely removed from an economical use is: zapovednik
5.A special protected territory that is partially permitted for an economical activity is: zakaznik
6.A succession is: a process where a community changes over time
7.Abiotic factors in an ecosystem can include: sunlight
8.According to number pyramids, a quantity of organisms at a higher trophic level: decreases
9.Acid rain is harmful because it can: dissolve nutrients and toxic metals in the soil
10.Acid rain is: rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic
11.Acid rain occur as: rain, snow, mist, fog, hail
12.Adaptation of life in a river is primarily determined by: gradient or current
13.All the populations in an area form: Community
14.Allelopathy, predation, and mutualism are all types of: biotic relationships
15.Alternative sources of energy include: sun, wind and waves
16.Amount of energy passing from one trophic level to the next one is: 10%
17.An ecosystem includes all: the interacting parts (living organisms and the environment)
18.An estuary is an area where: the freshwater rivers and streams flow into the sea
19.An example of a reservoir for phosphorus would be: Certain rocks
20.An interaction between two species in which both participants benefit and which is essential to the survival or reproduction of both participant: mutualism
21.Anthropogenic sources of pollution are: automobile exhausts
22.Any factor affecting organisms is: ecological
23.Atmospheric nitrogen is captured by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and converted into: nitrite(NO2-), (ammonia)
24.Autecology– is a section of ecology that studies an effect of environmental factors to: individual organisms
25.Autotrophic organisms are: plants
26.Biological diversity does NOT include: (includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems)
27.Biological magnification is the process of: increasing concentration of hazardous wastes through food chains
28.Biological needs of water by a person per day are: 2-5 liters
29.Biosphere is: all the life-supporting regions (ecosystems) on the Earth and all the interactions that occur among organisms and between organisms and the environment.
30.Biosphere’s structure and functions is studied by: global ecology
31.Biotic factors in an ecosystem can include: pollination of flowers by insects
32.Boreal forests refer to: taiga
33.Carbon monoxide restricts the oxygen supply of the body by: Hemoglobin
34.Complex system that includes all interacting species in a particular area is called: Ecosystem
35.Consumers that obtain their nutrients by eating autotrophs are: herbivores
36.Consumers, such as chimpanzee, that obtain their nutrients by eating both producers and other consumers are called: omnivores
37.Consumers, such as crocodiles, that obtain their nutrients by eating other consumers are: carnivores
38.Consumers, such as vulture, that feed on organisms that have recently died are: scavengers
39.Define the right order of components in the trophic chain “deer – wolf - crow”: primary consumer-secondary consumer-scavengers
40.Demecology – is a section of ecology that studies: common characteristics of populations in an ecosystem
41.Distribution of gas concentrations in the atmosphere in increasing order is: carbon dioxide – argon - oxygen - nitrogen
42.Earthquake is an example of: a density-independent factor
43.Ecological factor that limits viability of organisms is: critical
44.Ecological factors that limit life distribution in tundra’s permafrost are: permanently frozen layer of ground over 500 m thick
45.Ecological factors that limit life in the ocean BUT do not usually limit distribution of life on the land are: sunlight, oxygen supply, salinity, gradient (water current)
46.Ecological footprint (of a country or each person) is: the average amount of productive land and ocean needed to supply with food, energy, water, housing, transportation, and waste disposal
47.Ecological law “A change in one part of the system causes changes in other parts” was proposed by: Barry Commoner
48.Ecological niches of species living together can: never overlap
49.Ecology is a science studying interactions between: organisms, as well as how organisms interact with their environment.
50.Ecosystem is all except: на тесте определишься=)
51.Ecosystem is: an ecological unit that includes biotic and abiotic factors
52.Environment created by people is: “Third Nature”, or “Art-nature”
53.Environment is: Anything outside the individual organism in which the organism lives and which affect or could affect that organism, other organisms or life in general.
54.Environment that is changed by people is: second nature, or quasi-nature
55.Erosion is the loss of soil that results from the effect of: abiotic factors
56.Eutrophic lakes are: rich in organic matter and vegetation, making the waters relatively murky
57.Eutrophication of water is accompanied with: intensive algae propagation
58.Evolution stage of biosphere transformed by people activity and changed by their scientific consciousness is: Noosphere
59.Example of interspecific competition is relationship between: black cockroaches and red cockroaches
60.Ex-situ conservation of species means protection of components of biodiversity: outside their habitats
61.External cost is: harmful environmental or social cost borne by people not directly involved in buying or selling a product
62.Eyrobiotic organisms are the organisms with: a large range tolerance to an ecological factor are called
63.Factors that cause uncontrolled cell division resulting tumor are: Carcinogens
64.Factors that specifically cause abnormalities during embryo development are called: teratogens
65.Factors that specifically damage genetic material of organisms are: mutagens
66.For the penguin, Antarctic ice is its: Habitat
67.Habitats are: physical area in which an organism lives; different types of environment which provide food and shelter for living things.
68.Habitat destruction is the main cause of: urban development, exploitation of land for resources (mining, timber, agriculture)?
69.Habitats of waterfowl are: marsh or bog
70.Haeckel is the author of the term: Ecology
71.Hazardous waste does not include: (not acidic resins, arsenic, heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and radioactive materials)
72.Herbicides are chemicals that can control population growth of undesirable organisms such as: plants
73.Heterotrophic organisms are: jellyfish
74.Homeothermics are organisms, which include: birds and mammals
75.If you measure the biomass of an ecosystem, you are measuring: dry weight of the organisms
76.Indicate the name of Kazakhstan’s national park: Altyn Emel
77.Indicate the name of Kazakhstan’s reserve among the following list: Aksu Jabagly
78.Industries can help to mitigate problems with water supply by: recycling water during industrial operations
79.Industries contribute to habitat damage and destruction if they: pollute water
80.Industries contribute to water pollution if they: release polluted waste water, known as effluent, from their processes into rivers and seas
81.In-situ conservation of species means protection of components of biodiversity: within ecosystems and natural habitats
82.Land area of the Earth occupied by the forest (including tropical, moderate, boreal) is about: 25%
83.Land area of the Earth occupied by the rain forest is about: 5%
84.Lions and tigers are on the same trophic level because they: eat herbivore organisms
85.Loss of ozone has serious effects in people because ultra-violet radiation can cause: skin cancer and eye damage
86.Most of the energy that enters a trophic level: is consumed?
87.Natural environment that is weakly changed by human is: “First nature”, or Ecological space
88.Nonrenewable resources include: minerals
89.Noosphere – is an evolutionary step of biosphere that: is transformed by conscious human activity
90.Old field succession: is a version of secondary succession – the replacement of population abandoned farm field
91.Oligotrophic lakes: contain little organic matter
92.Organic garbage that is a subject to decay by microorganisms is called: biodegradable
93.Organic material that cannot be decomposed by bacteria is called: Nonbiodegradable pollutants
94.Organisms in the deserts must be adapted to high level of: heat
95.Organisms that use ready food are called: heterotrophs
96.Organisms with a constant temperature not depending on environment temperature are: Homeothermics
97.Organisms with a large range tolerance to an ecological factor are called: Eyrobiotic
98.Organisms with a narrow range tolerance to temperature are called: Stenobiotic
99.Percentage of Kazakhstan’s soil that is undergone to desertification is about: 70%
100.Permafrost is a factor common to: tundra
101.Plants and animals become adapted to life in particular biomes through a process of: adaptation (evolution by natural selection)
102.Plants in an ecosystem play the following role: synthesize organic substances from inorganic compounds
103.Plants of dry habitats adapted to drought and water shortage are: Xerophytes
104.Poikilotermics are organisms with a body temperature that is: depending on environment temperature
105.Poikilothermics are organisms with: a body temperature depending on environment temperature
106.Population growth is exponential when: the birthrate reaches its biotic potential
107.Population growth rate is: individuals number change in a population over specific period of time
108.Population’s dynamic characteristics is: population growth rate
109.Population’s statistic characteristic is: population number
110.Primary productivity is the energy contained in the trophic level of: producers
111.Primary succession is the sequential replacement of populations starting: in an area has not previously supported life, such as bare rock or a sand dune.
112.Regularity suggesting that each environmental factor has limits of its positive influence on the organism is described by: Shelford’s principle of tolerance limits
113.Regularity suggesting that organism growth is limited by the resource in the shortest supply is described by: Liebig’s law of the minimum
114.Renewable resources include: humus
115.Scientists predict the global average temperature will rise by 2025 and by 2100 correspondingly: 10C and 30C
116.Secondary succession is the sequential replacement of populations that occurs in all cases, EXCEPT: (not disrupted habitats)
117.Section of ecology that studies an effect of environmental factors to individual organisms is: Autecology
118.Section of ecology that studies biotic relationships between different species is: Synecology
119.Social ecology is a science about: Interaction and intercommunication between human society and environment
120.Species diversity is higher: in tropics
121.Species that are localized in a small area and may have just one population are called: endemic
122.Stenobiotic organisms are the organisms with: a narrow range tolerance to an ecological factor
123.Structure, number and dynamic processes in a population are studied by: Demecology
124.Sunlight falling on the green plant, primarily: photosynthesis
125.Surrounding of the individuals in which they live and which affects them is: Environment
126.Survival rate is: a number of individuals survived over specific period of time
127.Sustainable use of natural resources means that they should be: ensured the durability of them for future generations
128.Symbiosis is the close association between different species in the system: of the non-antagonistic relationship?
129.Synecology – is a section of ecology that studies: changes of communities over time
130.Teratogens are factors that can specifically cause: abnormalities during embryonic growth and development
131.Term “Sustainable development” referred to ecology was first introduced at: Earth Declaration on environment and development, Rio- de-Janeiro, 1992
132.The amount of the earth’s water supply available to land organisms is: less than 1%
133.The area of the earth where life exist is called: biosphere
134.The author of the study about biosphere is: Vernadsky
135.The average renewal rate of lakes is: 17 years
136.The average renewal rate of rivers is: about 12-17 days
137.The average renewal rate of underground waters is: 1400 years
138.The basic national current document about environment safety of Kazakhstan: Concept of Ecological Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2004-2015
139.The basic nature protection law of Kazakhstan is: Ecological Code
140.The biological community on the islands created after volcanic eruption is the result of: secondary succession
141.The carrying capacity of a population does Not include the statement: the population exhibits J-shaped growth curve
142.The chemical compounds that can cause acid rain: sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
143.The combustion of fossil fuel has increased atmospheric levels of: CO2
144.The concept of living component of biosphere was proposed by: Suess
145.The distribution of biomes on Earth mainly depends on: temperature and precipitation
146.The exchange pool for carbon in a carbon cycle is: Atmosphere
147.The following compounds generally destroy ozone layer: release of CFC and jet travel in the stratosphere
148.The following is Not correctly matched: herbivore - autotroph
149.The global human population grew very slowly until: the industrial revolution
150.The global warming is primarily caused by: increase of greenhouse gases concentration
151.The greenhouse gases are the following: CO2, CFCs, CH4, NO, NO2, tropospheric ozone
152.The heights of troposphere and stratosphere above the earth respectively: 0-15 km and 15-55 km
153.The International Convention about wildlife protection is: Convention on Biological Diversity
154.The International Convention on control of persistent organic pollutants is: Stockholm convention
155.The Internationalbasic document about greenhouse gases control is: Kyoto protocol
156.The Internationalbasic document about ozone layer safety is: Montreal protocol
157.The largest landscape zone of Kazakhstan is: desert
158.The lion and the hyena are on the same trophic level because both animals: eat herbivore organisms
159.The main air pollutants in Kazakhstan are: ammonia, dust, phenols, formaldehyde, lead
160.The main anthropogenic cause of desertification is: excessive livestock grazing
161.The main cause of species extinction is: destruction of habitats
162.The main characteristic of biomass pyramids in freshwater or marine biomes is to be: inverted
163.The main characteristic of energy pyramids of any ecosystem is that: they are never inverted
164.The main physical reason of the photochemical smog is: atmosphere temperature inversion
165.The main reason of Aral Sea catastrophe is: careless use of water for irrigation
166.The main reason of ozone destruction is: CFCs
167.The main source of water pollution is: petrochemical industry
168.The major component of photochemical smog is: tropospheric ozone
169.The major producer found in marine ecosystems is: phytoplankton
170.The natural reason of desertification is: wind and water erosion
171.The neritic zone is in: Marine biome(ocean)
172.The number of plants and animals species included into the Red Data Book of Kazakhstan are: 404 and 309
173.The number of the world described species is: 1.7 mln
174.The number of the world endangered animal (vertebrates) species: 6. 000
175.The number of the world endangered plant (flowering) species is: 25.000
176.The numbers of national parks and reserves in Kazakhstan are: 12 and 10
177.The objects of ecology in order to become less complicated: BiosphereEcosystemCommunitiesPopulationsOrganismOrgan systemOrganTissueCell
178.The objects of ecology in order to become more complicated: Cell – Tissue – Organ - Organ system – Organism (Species) – Populations – Communities - Ecosystem - Biosphere
179.The obvious effect caused by the global warming is: increasing of level of the water
180.The organic part of the soil that helps it to retain its moisture and fertility is: humus
181.The percent of the earth surface covered by water versus to land is: 70%
182.The pH of normal rain is about: 5.6
183.The physical area in which an organism lives is its: habitat
184.The primary body responsible for nature protection in Kazakhstan is: Ministry of Environment Protection
185.The primary reason of acid rain is: burning fossil fuels
186.The sigmoidal growth curve is typical for a population that: is regulated by density-dependent factors
187.The term “Biosphere” was introduced by: Suess
188.The term “Ecology” was introduced by: E. Heckel
189.The term “Ecosystem” was introduced by: Tansley
190.The term “Noosphere” was introduced by: Le Rois
191.The way of greenhouse gases reduction is: to use alternative sources of energy
192.The way of species life is: niche
193.The world amount of fresh water is about: 3%
194.To prevent or reduce waste it should be done to: to use recycled materials whenever possible
195.To reduce greenhouse effect it should be done to: to use alternative sources of energy
196.To stop ozone layer depletion it should be done to: to replace or recycle freons used in fridge and cooling systems
197.Tolerance is: limits of organisms stability to effect of ecological factors
198.Two species that occupy a very similar niche are likely to be: competitors
199.Type of biotic interaction that benefit one participant and have no effect on the other: commensalism
200.Xerophytes are organisms that: are adapted to drought and environmental water shortage