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		a dictionary?	No, they have not.
HAS	HE	a family?	Yes, he has.
	SHE	a grandfather?	No, she hasn’t.
	IT	long ears?	Yes, it has.

Examples:

Have you (got) a car? - Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

Have they (got) children? – Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

Has he (got) an umbrella? – Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.

How many daughters has he got? – He’s got two.

ВВОДНОЕ THERE С ГЛАГОЛОМ “TO BE”

There is a table in the room.	В комнате (есть) стол.
There is a vase on the table.	На столе стоит ваза.
There are flowers in the vase.	В вазе (стоят) цветы.
There is some milk in the glass.	В стакане есть молоко.
There is little water in the cup.	В чашке мало воды.
There are no apples in the fridge.	В холодильнике нет яблок.

ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ И ОТВЕТЫ

Is there a table in the room?	Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
Are there plates on the table?	Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
Is there any tea in the cup?	Yes, there is some. No, there isn’t any.
Are there any questions?	Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.

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Is there a telephone in the house?			Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
Is there any time?			Yes, there is some. No, there isn’t.
		QUESTIONS
WHAT?			кто, что (по профессии)?
			какой?
WHO?			кто?
WHOM?			кого? кому?
WHERE?			где? куда?
WHY?			почему? зачем?
WHICH?			какой (из)? который?
HOW?			как?
HOW	much?		Time, money,	сколько?
	many?		water
			Books, rooms,
			chairs
WHAT TIME?			когда?
AT WHAT TIME?			в какое время?

Examples:

What is she?

What are you doing?

Who can help me?

Who are you waiting for?

Whom does he love?

Where do you come from?

Where are you going?

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Why is she unhappy?

Which of you can answer this question?

How can I get to the bus stop?

How much time does it take?

How many students are there in your group?

What time do you normally get up?

What colour is your favourite?

МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ ЧИСЛО СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ

a fact	facts		[s]
a cat	cats
a day	days	s	[z]
a girl	girls
a plane	planes
a dress	dresses
a box	boxes	es	[iz]
a place	places
a city	cities	ies	[iz]
a family	families
a leaf	leaves	ves	[vz]
a shelf	shelves

ОСОБЫЕ СЛУЧАИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ЧИСЛА СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ

a man	Мужчина	Men

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a woman	Женщина	Women
a foot	Нога	Feet
a tooth	Зуб	Teeth
a mouse	Мышь	Mice
a child	Ребенок	Children
a postman	Почтальон	Postmen
a phenomenon	Явление	Phenomena
a sheep	овца	sheep

СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ, УПОТРЕБЛЯЕМЫЕ ТОЛЬКО В ЕДИНСТВЕННОМ ЧИСЛЕ

Weather	Погода	Knowledge	Знания
Furniture	Мебель	Progress	Успехи
Information	Информация	Hair	Волосы
Advice	Совет	Love	Любовь
News	Новости	Anger	Злость
Money	Деньги	Fish	Рыба
Watch	часы	Fruit	фрукты

СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ, УПОТРЕБЛЯЕМЫЕ ТОЛЬКО ВО МНОЖЕСТВЕННОМ ЧИСЛЕ

Contents	Содержание	Trousers	Брюки
Wages	Зарплата	Spectacles	Очки
Clothes	Одежда	Tropics	Тропики
Goods	Товар	Memoirs	Мемуары

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Politics		Политика	Scales	весы
Slums		трущобы
	ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПАДЕЖ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ
Единственное число			Cat’s	[s]
			Tom’s	[z]
			Mother’s	[z]
			Boss’ (s)	[iz]
			Marx’ (s)	[iz]
Множественное число			Sisters’	[z]
			Children’s	[z]
			The Browns’ (s)	[z]

Притяжательный падеж обозначает принадлежность:

Mother’s bedroom is on the second floor. Мамина спальня на втором этаже. These are my sister’s books. Это книги моей сестры.

Your children’s pictures are so nice. Рисунки ваших детей очень хорошие. The boss’s office is very large. Приемная начальника очень большая.

АРТИКЛЬ

Неопределенный артикль a (an) употребляется только в единственном числе, когда лицо или предмет не знакомы или употребляются впервые.

They live in a new house with a garden and a swimming pool.

He has a sister and a brother.

She was a young girl of 17.

I want an apple.

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Определенный артикль the употребляется как в единственном, так и во множественном числе, когда лицо или предмет знакомы или известны говорящим.

The house is new and the garden is wonderful.

The sister and the brother are very much alike.

The young girl was only 17.

Хотя употребление того или иного артикля определяется контекстом, существуют случаи фиксированного употребления артикля.

Определенныйартикль

1.The Russians, the English, the Americans.

2.The Browns, the Martins, the Petrovs.

3.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the USA, the Ukraine, the Netherlands.

4.The Pacific Ocean, the Black Sea, the English Channel, the Thames, the Volga.

5.The Urals, the Rocky Mountains, the Bermudas, the British Isles.

6.The first of September, the third place, the best novel, the most interesting book.

7.The North, the South, the East, the West. ..

8.The sun, the moon, the earth, the universe.

Артикль не употребляется:

1.Pushkin Square; house number 40; Downing Street, No. 10; page 15; room.

2.James Smith, Mary Larsen, Doctor Smith, Lord Byron, Queen Elizabeth.

3.Europe, Asia, Africa, South-East Asia, Latin America, France, Russia, Great Britain.

4.London, Washington, Moscow, Paris.

5.from day to day, from morning till night, from beginning to end, from head to foot, from time to time.

6.to have breakfast (lunch, dinner).

ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ

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	количественные		порядковые
1		one	первый	thefirst
2		two	второй	thesecond
3		three	третий	thethird
4		four	четвертый	thefourth
5		five	пятый	thefifth
6		six	шестой	thesixth
7		seven	седьмой	theseventh
8		eight	восьмой	the eighth
9		nine	девятый	the ninth
10		ten	десятый	the tenth
11		eleven	одиннадцатый	the eleventh
12		twelve	двенадцатый	the twelfth
13		thirteen	тринадцатый	the thirteenth
14		fourteen	четырнадцатый	thefourteenth
20		twenty	двадцатый	the twentieth
21		twentyone	двадцатьпервый	thetwentyfirst
32		thirtytwo	тридцатьвторой	the thirtysecond

40 - forty

50 - fifty

100 - a hundred / one hundred

300 - three hundred

1,000 – a thousand

5,000 – five thousand

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1,000,000 – a million

10,000,000 – ten million

При чтении чисел после “hundred” произносится “and”:

563 – five hundred and sixty three

1,450 – fourteen hundred and fifty

Даты:

1147 – eleven forty seven

1493 – fourteen ninety three

1992 – nineteen ninety two

1900 – nineteen hundred

1905 – nineteen “o” [ou] five

2000 – two thousand

МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

ЛИЧНЫЕ	ЛИЧНЫЕ	ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬН	АБСОЛЮТНАЯ	ВОЗВРАТН
местоимения	местоимен	ЫЕ	ФОРМА	ЫЕ
в	ия в	местоимения	притяжательн	местоимен
именительно	объектном		ых	ия
м падеже	падеже		местоимений
I	ME	MY	MINE	MYSELF
HE	HIM	HIS	HIS	HIMSELF
SHE	HER	HER	HERS	HERSELF
IT	IT	ITS	ITS	ITSELF
WE	US	OUR	OURS	OURSELVES
YOU	YOU	YOUR	YOURS	YOURSELVE
				S

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THEY		THEM			THEIR		THEIRS		THEMSELVE
									S
			УКАЗАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
Единственное число					this – этот			that – тот
Множественное число					these – эти			those - те
Examples:

I want to talk to him. Tell them about her.

Will you have dinner with us?

My family lives in Moscow. Her brother is a worker.

Their house is better than ours. (our house)

Is this her coat? – Yes, it’s hers (her coat).

Can you do it yourself? The boy can dress himself.

She likes to stay by herself. I want to see it for myself.

This is my sister and these are her friends.

Look at this girl! Look at that house!

НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

MUCH много – с неисчисляемыми существительными: much time, much money, much water, much sun, much snow, much milk, much food.

MANY много – с исчисляемыми существительными: many books, many students, many houses, many trees, many flowers, many rivers.

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LITTLE	мало - с неисчисляемыми существительными: little time, little
	money, little water, little sun, little snow, little milk, little food.
FEW	мало - с исчисляемыми существительными: few books, few
	students, few houses, few trees.
A LITTLE	немного:
	I have a little time. Wait a little. There is a little water.
A FEW	несколько:
	There are a few chairs in the room. I want to tell you a few words.

Much и many в современном английском языке употребляются чаще в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях. В утвердительных предложениях употребляется a lot of как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными.

Examples:

Have you got many relatives?

Do we have much work to do today?

We don’t have much time to stay here long.

We have a lot of friends here.

He earns a lot of money.

They have a lot of children.

She spends a lot of time at home.

SOME,ANY,NOИИХПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ

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